Causes, consequences, and ways out of the crisis: a
... Such economic growth was to some extent translated into long-awaited improvements in social welfare. For example, between 1990 and 2000, the minimum old age pension increased from €163 to €202, while the minimum unemployment allowances increased from €257 to €334 (all values at 2006 prices), while a ...
... Such economic growth was to some extent translated into long-awaited improvements in social welfare. For example, between 1990 and 2000, the minimum old age pension increased from €163 to €202, while the minimum unemployment allowances increased from €257 to €334 (all values at 2006 prices), while a ...
A Economic Preview of 2004
... – The poor spends more of their money on living expenses than the rich – Thus, inflation is almost a “tax on the poor” ...
... – The poor spends more of their money on living expenses than the rich – Thus, inflation is almost a “tax on the poor” ...
The Impact of the Financial Crisis on the Real Economy
... Boom and Bust: What Goes Up Must Come Down The previous section argued that a combination of consumption growth and (un)employment is a better indicator than GDP for measuring the impact of the crisis on the real economy. However, it may be misleading to look at changes in these variables only since ...
... Boom and Bust: What Goes Up Must Come Down The previous section argued that a combination of consumption growth and (un)employment is a better indicator than GDP for measuring the impact of the crisis on the real economy. However, it may be misleading to look at changes in these variables only since ...
Harmonized approach to the informal economy in different
... The message is backed by emotions rather than numbers, it is to build a spirit of a society. Social capital, the relations in a society, as well as a physical capital can be accumulated, can bring dividends, can be tunneled. Sectors with high number of customers involved could bring higher return fr ...
... The message is backed by emotions rather than numbers, it is to build a spirit of a society. Social capital, the relations in a society, as well as a physical capital can be accumulated, can bring dividends, can be tunneled. Sectors with high number of customers involved could bring higher return fr ...
Exam_one_4th_week
... The Circular Flow Diagram - Medium Answer (10 pts): Draw a diagram that represents the ‘simple’ version of the circular flow of the economy. Briefly explain the diagram. Explain how traditional neoclassical economists recognize the limitations of this diagram and how they correct for its limitation ...
... The Circular Flow Diagram - Medium Answer (10 pts): Draw a diagram that represents the ‘simple’ version of the circular flow of the economy. Briefly explain the diagram. Explain how traditional neoclassical economists recognize the limitations of this diagram and how they correct for its limitation ...
Flaws in South Africa`s `first` economy
... struggle for workers’ democracy not really on the agenda) – because they are right in a certain sense, but they fail to put forward the conclusion confirmed by the Russian revolution – that only the working class can solve the democratic problems of society, including the national question. As both ...
... struggle for workers’ democracy not really on the agenda) – because they are right in a certain sense, but they fail to put forward the conclusion confirmed by the Russian revolution – that only the working class can solve the democratic problems of society, including the national question. As both ...
A NOTE ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
... 2.2 The Constitutional Economics View Representatives of Buchanan’s constitutional economics, Eucken’s ordo-economics, the property rights approach or Douglass North’s new institutional approach to economic history use a mixture of both the concepts of constructed and of organic evolution - top-down ...
... 2.2 The Constitutional Economics View Representatives of Buchanan’s constitutional economics, Eucken’s ordo-economics, the property rights approach or Douglass North’s new institutional approach to economic history use a mixture of both the concepts of constructed and of organic evolution - top-down ...
Transport Infrastructure Investments as Means to
... Kerr, D. (2010). The Handbook of Infrastructure Investing. Ligthart, J. and Suarez, R.M. (2011). The Productivity of Public Capital: A Meta-Analysis. In Infrastructure Productivity Evaluation, eds. Wouter Jonkhoff and Walter Lin, Y.J. and Doemeland, D. (2012) Beyond Keynesianism, Global Infrastructu ...
... Kerr, D. (2010). The Handbook of Infrastructure Investing. Ligthart, J. and Suarez, R.M. (2011). The Productivity of Public Capital: A Meta-Analysis. In Infrastructure Productivity Evaluation, eds. Wouter Jonkhoff and Walter Lin, Y.J. and Doemeland, D. (2012) Beyond Keynesianism, Global Infrastructu ...
What We Hope To Accomplish
... answer in my own research) • Why could there be structural unemployment? o Some industries boomed inefficiently during the early 2000s (construction) and need to retrench. The jobs being created now are not in those industries (where unemployment is high). o Some states boomed inefficiently during t ...
... answer in my own research) • Why could there be structural unemployment? o Some industries boomed inefficiently during the early 2000s (construction) and need to retrench. The jobs being created now are not in those industries (where unemployment is high). o Some states boomed inefficiently during t ...
The Impact of Culture on Creativity
... enterprises and public institutions. Support the development of a creative economy by integrating creativity in innovation policies. Promote social innovation and inclusion through culture. Brand your city as a creative place. ...
... enterprises and public institutions. Support the development of a creative economy by integrating creativity in innovation policies. Promote social innovation and inclusion through culture. Brand your city as a creative place. ...
View - Suffolk County Council
... 21. The Spending Review created a social care precept to give local authorities who are responsible for social care the ability to raise new funding to spend exclusively on adult social care. The precept will work by giving local authorities the flexibility to raise council tax in their area by up t ...
... 21. The Spending Review created a social care precept to give local authorities who are responsible for social care the ability to raise new funding to spend exclusively on adult social care. The precept will work by giving local authorities the flexibility to raise council tax in their area by up t ...
2007/2008 budget communication
... economy to grow by 4.5% in real terms in 2007 and by 4.0% in real terms in 2008. These growth rates take into account a slow-down in the growth rate of the US economy from 3.3% in 2006 to 2.2% in 2007 and a slightly increased rate of 2.8% in 2008, there being no major disruption in that economy. In ...
... economy to grow by 4.5% in real terms in 2007 and by 4.0% in real terms in 2008. These growth rates take into account a slow-down in the growth rate of the US economy from 3.3% in 2006 to 2.2% in 2007 and a slightly increased rate of 2.8% in 2008, there being no major disruption in that economy. In ...
Classical Long Run Aggregate Supply
... most efficient, or at full capacity. There are two types of output gaps: positive and negative. A positive output gap occurs when actual output is more than the full-capacity output. Negative output gap occurs when actual output is less than full-capacity output. ...
... most efficient, or at full capacity. There are two types of output gaps: positive and negative. A positive output gap occurs when actual output is more than the full-capacity output. Negative output gap occurs when actual output is less than full-capacity output. ...
Description on economic indicators
... Definition: In the US, the employment report, also known as the labor report, is regarded as the most important among all economic indicators. The report provides the first comprehensive look at the economy, covering nine economic categories. Here are the three main components of the report: Payroll ...
... Definition: In the US, the employment report, also known as the labor report, is regarded as the most important among all economic indicators. The report provides the first comprehensive look at the economy, covering nine economic categories. Here are the three main components of the report: Payroll ...
On the definition of a recession
... of economic activity. Real GDP rose substantially after November 2001. However, this growth in real GDP resulted entirely from productivity growth for an extended period. As a result, the growth in real GDP was accompanied by falling employment. Unemployment rose because of falling employment and be ...
... of economic activity. Real GDP rose substantially after November 2001. However, this growth in real GDP resulted entirely from productivity growth for an extended period. As a result, the growth in real GDP was accompanied by falling employment. Unemployment rose because of falling employment and be ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).