• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
The Indian Economy: Concerns and Prospects
The Indian Economy: Concerns and Prospects

... remained low till 2008-09. Since then, it has started climbing. ...
External Liberalization in Asia, Post-Socialist Europe, and Brazil Lance Taylor
External Liberalization in Asia, Post-Socialist Europe, and Brazil Lance Taylor

... to finance the imports needed to hold down prices of traded goods in exchange rate-based inflation stabilization programs (Brazil and other countries in Latin America). When they removed restrictions on capital movements, most countries received a surge of inflows from abroad. They came in subject ...
Unemployment rate - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Unemployment rate - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... trended downward after that. After going above 10 percent in late 2009, it is very unlikely that our unemployment will get down again to 5 percent before middecade. ...
Opinion: The Benefits and Costs of Outsourcing Jobs
Opinion: The Benefits and Costs of Outsourcing Jobs

Practice Questions for review. Open Book The rule of 70 states that a
Practice Questions for review. Open Book The rule of 70 states that a

... A) better off. B) worse off. C) no better or worse off. D) unaffected. 36. In the paradox of thrift: A) firms that are pessimistic about the future lay off the most saving-conscientious workers. B) when families and business are feeling pessimistic about the future, they spend more today. C) increas ...
Why Productivity Enhancing Reforms Will Help Greece Exit the
Why Productivity Enhancing Reforms Will Help Greece Exit the

... Union, with the downturn taking place faster but the upturn taking hold also much faster than Greece. In comparison, recovery in Finland was rather swift. Several times in the recent past I have given talks with the title containing the phrase “The Debt Is a Lesser Problem.” I firmly believed it the ...
File - AIB Midwest
File - AIB Midwest

... With insight into what share contribution each input has to Vietnam’s output growth an examination of the sources of these increases will follow. Looking into the sources of domestic and foreign investment allowing for the capital increases will provide insight into capital’s share. Labor increases ...
PDF
PDF

... main sectors. We consider the link between sectors and the overall economy. A multiplier represents the impact on the national economy if an investment impulse is given to only one sector (Domanski, Gwosdz, 2010). In this paragraph we form expectations of multiplier values based on the existing lite ...
The Export Skill Content, Learning By Exporting and Economic Growth
The Export Skill Content, Learning By Exporting and Economic Growth

... The empirical literature on the role of foreign trade in long-run economic performance mostly focuses on the relationship between openness and the subsequent rates per-capita GDP growth1. A salient feature of these cross-country empirical studies is the emphasis on openness to foreign trade, however ...
The Divided Recovery - Wells Fargo Investment Institute
The Divided Recovery - Wells Fargo Investment Institute

... The political landscape remains unsettled in 2017. Rising global political tensions could lead to further market volatility, as policymakers appear willing to take on greater risk to promote higher growth rates. Holding bonds and alternative investments with low net equity exposure as part of a well ...
The forest resources of Malaysia : their economics and development
The forest resources of Malaysia : their economics and development

... Western Europe (principally the European Economic Community (EEC)), and Japan have absorbed 60 per cent of all its exports, with Singapore taking another 15 to 20 per cent, which eventually ends up in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries which include all industr ...
Comprehensive Growth Strategy - Germany
Comprehensive Growth Strategy - Germany

... between women and men needs to be reduced. Currently more than one million people have been unemployed for more than one year. Long-term unemployed only benefit belowaverage from the positive labour market developments although the absolute figure of longterm unemployed has decreased by one third ov ...
Document
Document

... • “We have options: in Chicago I can live in a suburb and drive OR live in an apartment and walk to work” • Contra Ian, many Americans lack such options – Inner city African Americans seeking suburban jobs – Many medium and small cities have virtually no public transit options, and there are few job ...
Sample
Sample

... need to say something about the aggregate price level in the LM curve in Chapter 5. ...
GDP - 4J Blog Server
GDP - 4J Blog Server

... will play a role in the final product price, consequently any change in resource costs will shift the curve. If for example, there is a decrease in the price of oil, then the AS curve will shift out to the right as we can produce more output with the same expenditure as before the price change. Conv ...
Business Cycles
Business Cycles

3 - Europa.eu
3 - Europa.eu

... The ESF has contributed to the reform and modernisation of education and training systems, and the adaptation of the training and education systems to the new requirements of the labour market and to the needs of the knowledge-based society. The ESF also supports the implementation of structural ref ...
Asian Transport Studies - Dynamic Global Soft Inc
Asian Transport Studies - Dynamic Global Soft Inc

... Economic income (GDP) is one of the factors that drive the economic growth of a region. Besides, the economic development of an area will also be reflected in infrastructure performance. In turn, good infrastructure will support economic activity in the region. More specifically, the increase in tra ...
Prices and Work in The New Economy
Prices and Work in The New Economy

... In fact, this prediction has already been proved right: Humanity does have the capacity to feed, clothe, house, and provide basic health care for all its members. That we do not do so – that a quarter of the human population still lives in situations of abject poverty – is not because we are technol ...
The High-Tech Lever:
The High-Tech Lever:

... could mean more efficient manufacturing processes, ...
View/Open
View/Open

... In fact, this prediction has already been proved right: Humanity does have the capacity to feed, clothe, house, and provide basic health care for all its members. That we do not do so – that a quarter of the human population still lives in situations of abject poverty – is not because we are technol ...
economic growth
economic growth

... to year. Income per capita therefore could not grow unless population declined. Yet we know that U.S. population in growing, although slowly, as a result of new births and increased longevity, and more recently because of immigration. If GDP were not to grow, the only way for those at the bottom of ...
1 - Hans-Böckler
1 - Hans-Böckler

Business Cycle www.AssignmentPoint.com The Business Cycle (or
Business Cycle www.AssignmentPoint.com The Business Cycle (or

... Classification by periods In 1860 French economist Clement Juglar first identified economic cycles 7 to 11 years long, although he cautiously did not claim any rigid regularity. Later, economist Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950) argued that a Juglar Cycle has four stages: expansion (increase in producti ...
doc
doc

... The Harrod-Domar model 4) From 1980 to 1990, real GDP in India grew by 5.8 percent per annum, while investment averaged 23.1 percent of GDP. What was the ICOR for India between 1980 and 1990? 5) In Indonesia during the 1970s the incremental capital-output ratio (ICOR) averaged 2.50. a. Using the Har ...
< 1 ... 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 ... 547 >

Transformation in economics



Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report