Vision 2050
... the metals sector will grow somewhat faster at 2% per annum on average, reflecting high demand for metals during the industrialisation phases of economic development in China and other large emerging economies over the next couple of decades; but this will nonetheless be slower than overall GDP grow ...
... the metals sector will grow somewhat faster at 2% per annum on average, reflecting high demand for metals during the industrialisation phases of economic development in China and other large emerging economies over the next couple of decades; but this will nonetheless be slower than overall GDP grow ...
2nd Leisure Real Estate symposium
... With only minor interruptions, the proportion of the world population taking part in tourism activity has risen year on year through the last three decades, and for many countries tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic sectors in their economies in terms of foreign exchange, earnings and ...
... With only minor interruptions, the proportion of the world population taking part in tourism activity has risen year on year through the last three decades, and for many countries tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic sectors in their economies in terms of foreign exchange, earnings and ...
PDF
... 1974; Smith, 1974; Stiglitz, 1974; see also a survey by Krautkraemer, 1998). In addition to resource scarcity, the pollution that accompanies the production or use of particular kinds of inputs poses another constraint for economic growth. Although the literature on pollution and growth has largely ...
... 1974; Smith, 1974; Stiglitz, 1974; see also a survey by Krautkraemer, 1998). In addition to resource scarcity, the pollution that accompanies the production or use of particular kinds of inputs poses another constraint for economic growth. Although the literature on pollution and growth has largely ...
Takatoshi Ito Working
... in economic fluctuations. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. The author wishes to thank Jerry Green and Olivier—Jean Blanchard for valuable discussions. He also acknowledges helpful coments from Kenneth J. Arrow and Walter P. He ...
... in economic fluctuations. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. The author wishes to thank Jerry Green and Olivier—Jean Blanchard for valuable discussions. He also acknowledges helpful coments from Kenneth J. Arrow and Walter P. He ...
Oil or Cars - Bibliothek der Friedrich
... The Soviet planned economy, driven by the goal of enabling a largely agricultural economy, lagging behind in terms of productivity, to match the imperialist West or even supersede it by means of accelerated industrialisation, focused on the heavy goods industry and made research and technological de ...
... The Soviet planned economy, driven by the goal of enabling a largely agricultural economy, lagging behind in terms of productivity, to match the imperialist West or even supersede it by means of accelerated industrialisation, focused on the heavy goods industry and made research and technological de ...
Slide 1
... •« Sluggish recovery » : a permanent loss in wealth and stagnation on a lower growth path ...
... •« Sluggish recovery » : a permanent loss in wealth and stagnation on a lower growth path ...
The Invisible Hand Has No Markets
... envisioned by Smith and Marx. The faith that a market system was stable combined with the practical impossibility of actually solving Walras’ massive system of equations to effectively push economists towards using neoclassical models to analyze the system’s individual markets (what we know as micr ...
... envisioned by Smith and Marx. The faith that a market system was stable combined with the practical impossibility of actually solving Walras’ massive system of equations to effectively push economists towards using neoclassical models to analyze the system’s individual markets (what we know as micr ...
chapter 2
... look at the key means to economic growth. And if the contest doesn’t convince, perhaps University of North Carolina economist Mike Salemi will with his discussion of Italian wines. (This video is also appropriate for use with Chapters 3, 2, and 17) The International Monetary Fund: A Case Study 10:06 ...
... look at the key means to economic growth. And if the contest doesn’t convince, perhaps University of North Carolina economist Mike Salemi will with his discussion of Italian wines. (This video is also appropriate for use with Chapters 3, 2, and 17) The International Monetary Fund: A Case Study 10:06 ...
Economic Forecasts for 2015 - Palestine Monetary Authority
... In the event of such a scenario, PMA forecasts indicate an economic growth by 8.1 percent, pushing real GDP to USD 7,863 million. A consequent increase in GDP per capita of 5.0 percent to USD 1778 is expected. The private sector value added is expected to grow by 8.3 percent while that of public sec ...
... In the event of such a scenario, PMA forecasts indicate an economic growth by 8.1 percent, pushing real GDP to USD 7,863 million. A consequent increase in GDP per capita of 5.0 percent to USD 1778 is expected. The private sector value added is expected to grow by 8.3 percent while that of public sec ...
O A
... identified as physical investment that is determining factor of society wealth. He argue that, the opportunity cost of human capital devoted to education sector affecting labor productivity and adaptability of labor force with new technologies and thus creating long-term development. Romer presents ...
... identified as physical investment that is determining factor of society wealth. He argue that, the opportunity cost of human capital devoted to education sector affecting labor productivity and adaptability of labor force with new technologies and thus creating long-term development. Romer presents ...
the new phase of planning: new economic policy of
... what obtained till the early 1980s. This was a reflection of changed conditions in the international financial markets. India's external debt was little less than $20 billion in 1980. reached $40 billion in 1985 and shot up to $82 billion in 1990, giving the country the dubious distinction of being ...
... what obtained till the early 1980s. This was a reflection of changed conditions in the international financial markets. India's external debt was little less than $20 billion in 1980. reached $40 billion in 1985 and shot up to $82 billion in 1990, giving the country the dubious distinction of being ...
please click here (Microsoft Word Document)
... Production of competitive and export oriented goods and services in processing industries and services is the major focus of state innovation industrial development policy. Under the existing world globalisation trends the economy of Kazakhstan is confronted with a number of challenges: lop-sided ex ...
... Production of competitive and export oriented goods and services in processing industries and services is the major focus of state innovation industrial development policy. Under the existing world globalisation trends the economy of Kazakhstan is confronted with a number of challenges: lop-sided ex ...
GRIPS-12-The-Risks-of-Natural-Resources
... – Income per capita has stagnated at around US$1100 in PPP terms since 1960 – Nigeria is among the poorest countries in the world. ...
... – Income per capita has stagnated at around US$1100 in PPP terms since 1960 – Nigeria is among the poorest countries in the world. ...
Growth vs Social Justice: a Flawed Debate
... poor states accounting for half India's population. So, it is not the case that, having achieved 8% growth, India must ensure that something trickles down to poor regions. Rather, fast growth has trickled up from poor states to the national level. • They are now enjoying a demographic dividend that ...
... poor states accounting for half India's population. So, it is not the case that, having achieved 8% growth, India must ensure that something trickles down to poor regions. Rather, fast growth has trickled up from poor states to the national level. • They are now enjoying a demographic dividend that ...
Doing growth diagnostics in practice
... cost of capital was a severe obstacle to business growth, but only 10 % of the firms were discouraged and did not apply for a loan because of the high cost of capital 70 percent of firms claimed that access to credit was a severe obstacle, 60 percent of the firms either obtained a loan, were approve ...
... cost of capital was a severe obstacle to business growth, but only 10 % of the firms were discouraged and did not apply for a loan because of the high cost of capital 70 percent of firms claimed that access to credit was a severe obstacle, 60 percent of the firms either obtained a loan, were approve ...
Sectoral Asymmetries in a Small Open Economy September 2014
... Both tradable and nontradable sectors have a production technology in which labour, capital services, and imported intermediate goods are combined by a constant returns to scale Cobb-Douglas production function. The production technology is also open to temporary but persistent productivity shocks. ...
... Both tradable and nontradable sectors have a production technology in which labour, capital services, and imported intermediate goods are combined by a constant returns to scale Cobb-Douglas production function. The production technology is also open to temporary but persistent productivity shocks. ...
Answers to First Midterm
... f. (2 points) Suppose there is no change in the labor force in this economy and no change in the level of employment, but that productivity changes in the economy are such that Okun’s Law holds. If Okun’s Law holds, what is your prediction as to the level of real output in the next year for this eco ...
... f. (2 points) Suppose there is no change in the labor force in this economy and no change in the level of employment, but that productivity changes in the economy are such that Okun’s Law holds. If Okun’s Law holds, what is your prediction as to the level of real output in the next year for this eco ...
AP Macroeconomics Unit 5 Portfolio Questions and Answers
... employment. Inflation can occur if Spending expands more rapidly than does production capacity ...
... employment. Inflation can occur if Spending expands more rapidly than does production capacity ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).