Security implications of climate change in the Sahel region
... research on regional level impacts the French and British governments expressed the need to deepen understanding of what security implications of climate change could be in the Sahel. The Sahel is a region that is considered particularly vulnerable1 and that is gaining increasing attention due to se ...
... research on regional level impacts the French and British governments expressed the need to deepen understanding of what security implications of climate change could be in the Sahel. The Sahel is a region that is considered particularly vulnerable1 and that is gaining increasing attention due to se ...
shows
... c. A sea ice switch model The importance of sea ice in the climate system has long been recognized (e.g., Saltzman and Moritz 1980). Sea ice presence and evolution affect the surface albedo and the salinity budget in the ocean. By partially insulating the ocean from the atmosphere it also changes ai ...
... c. A sea ice switch model The importance of sea ice in the climate system has long been recognized (e.g., Saltzman and Moritz 1980). Sea ice presence and evolution affect the surface albedo and the salinity budget in the ocean. By partially insulating the ocean from the atmosphere it also changes ai ...
A climate of uncertainty: accounting for error in climate variables for
... 1. Spatial climate variables are routinely used in species distribution models (SDMs) without accounting for the fact that they have been predicted with uncertainty, which can lead to biased estimates, erroneous inference and poor performances when predicting to new settings – for example under clim ...
... 1. Spatial climate variables are routinely used in species distribution models (SDMs) without accounting for the fact that they have been predicted with uncertainty, which can lead to biased estimates, erroneous inference and poor performances when predicting to new settings – for example under clim ...
In The Greenhouse
... greenhouse home page a spirited collection for the home - greenhouse is a brick and mortar home store in bellingham washington, the greenhouse effect a student s guide to global - the greenhouse effect a greenhouse is a building made of glass that allows sunlight to enter but traps heat inside so th ...
... greenhouse home page a spirited collection for the home - greenhouse is a brick and mortar home store in bellingham washington, the greenhouse effect a student s guide to global - the greenhouse effect a greenhouse is a building made of glass that allows sunlight to enter but traps heat inside so th ...
Extract
... soils (Jungkunst et al., 2012). Cryosols and peat soils may contain as much as 1,500 petagram C, which is equivalent to the present pool of world soils to 1-meter depth (Batjes, 1996). Thus, the total soil C pool may exceed 4,000 petagram to 3-meter depth. There is a strong need to improve estimates ...
... soils (Jungkunst et al., 2012). Cryosols and peat soils may contain as much as 1,500 petagram C, which is equivalent to the present pool of world soils to 1-meter depth (Batjes, 1996). Thus, the total soil C pool may exceed 4,000 petagram to 3-meter depth. There is a strong need to improve estimates ...
Climate Reconstruction from Subsurface Temperatures
... this increase has occurred in the twentieth century alone. ...
... this increase has occurred in the twentieth century alone. ...
Biogeosciences
... productivity and export are not well constrained by direct observations, making it difficult to validate corresponding results from climate models. Productivity estimates from coupled models and satellite observations are largely independent in construction, and cross-comparison of the two approache ...
... productivity and export are not well constrained by direct observations, making it difficult to validate corresponding results from climate models. Productivity estimates from coupled models and satellite observations are largely independent in construction, and cross-comparison of the two approache ...
Julie Wilk hydrology Scenario paper LAST
... has to date been limited to verbal disputes particularly between Botswana and Namibia (Mbaiwa, 2004). Nevertheless, the Okavango River Basin will soon undergo much larger changes than it has seen in the past, and what remains to be determined is how these changes will affect downstream water supplie ...
... has to date been limited to verbal disputes particularly between Botswana and Namibia (Mbaiwa, 2004). Nevertheless, the Okavango River Basin will soon undergo much larger changes than it has seen in the past, and what remains to be determined is how these changes will affect downstream water supplie ...
More Lessons from the Sky - Satellite Educators Association
... activity can release it very quickly. Burning of fossil fuels in cars or power plants is another way this carbon can be released into the atmospheric reservoir quickly. Changes to the Carbon Cycle The increasing human population and their activities have a tremendous impact on the carbon cycle. Burn ...
... activity can release it very quickly. Burning of fossil fuels in cars or power plants is another way this carbon can be released into the atmospheric reservoir quickly. Changes to the Carbon Cycle The increasing human population and their activities have a tremendous impact on the carbon cycle. Burn ...
Quantifying uncertainty in the impacts of climate change on river
... structure in both catchments exceed uncertainty in emission scenarios. Critically, estimated uncertainty in projections of mean annual flows is less than that calculated for extreme (Q05, Q95) flows. The common approach of reporting of climate change impacts on river in terms of mean annual flows ma ...
... structure in both catchments exceed uncertainty in emission scenarios. Critically, estimated uncertainty in projections of mean annual flows is less than that calculated for extreme (Q05, Q95) flows. The common approach of reporting of climate change impacts on river in terms of mean annual flows ma ...
A fractal climate response function can simulate global average
... 1. All computations in this study concern globally averaged temperatures. For the fits to temperatures in the past millennium, the reconstructions of Moberg et al (2005) and Mann et al (2009) are used. However, these reconstructions were made for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) because that is where mo ...
... 1. All computations in this study concern globally averaged temperatures. For the fits to temperatures in the past millennium, the reconstructions of Moberg et al (2005) and Mann et al (2009) are used. However, these reconstructions were made for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) because that is where mo ...
Expert Meeting on How to feed the world in 2050 . Critical evaluation of selected projections
... for wheat, maize and rice, respectively (note the large upward revisions for wheat and maize). Again, further processing is required before we can read what they imply vis-à-vis present. Naturally, any statements on price developments have to be seen in the context of the scenario assumptions underl ...
... for wheat, maize and rice, respectively (note the large upward revisions for wheat and maize). Again, further processing is required before we can read what they imply vis-à-vis present. Naturally, any statements on price developments have to be seen in the context of the scenario assumptions underl ...
Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks: Pathways toward
... 2014], or ‘abrupt impacts’ [National Research Council, 2002, 2013], large-scale, non-linear shifts in the Earth system are often identified as a reason for concern about climate change [Oppenheimer et al., 2014] and a potential trigger of major economic losses, often described as ‘economic catastrop ...
... 2014], or ‘abrupt impacts’ [National Research Council, 2002, 2013], large-scale, non-linear shifts in the Earth system are often identified as a reason for concern about climate change [Oppenheimer et al., 2014] and a potential trigger of major economic losses, often described as ‘economic catastrop ...
An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai
... Over the coming decades, the pressures of urbanisation may be aggravated by manmade climate change. Like many other areas, the Northwest of India has observed a statistically significant warming of annual mean surface air temperatures over the past century (IPCC 2007, Figure 3.9). While no statistic ...
... Over the coming decades, the pressures of urbanisation may be aggravated by manmade climate change. Like many other areas, the Northwest of India has observed a statistically significant warming of annual mean surface air temperatures over the past century (IPCC 2007, Figure 3.9). While no statistic ...
a discussion based on contributions from climate modeling
... In addition to the recovery of the past temperature evolution BTPs have also been used to evaluate the role of heat storage in the lithospheric crust within the global energy balance (Levitus et al., 2001; Pielke, 2003; Levitus et al., 2005; Hansen et al., 2005) by calculating the amount of energy s ...
... In addition to the recovery of the past temperature evolution BTPs have also been used to evaluate the role of heat storage in the lithospheric crust within the global energy balance (Levitus et al., 2001; Pielke, 2003; Levitus et al., 2005; Hansen et al., 2005) by calculating the amount of energy s ...
CESifo Working Paper no. 2758
... the near future. This argument could be called a sale of emission reductions. Liu (2008) therefore claims that the projects should be evaluated by their type and therefore by their ...
... the near future. This argument could be called a sale of emission reductions. Liu (2008) therefore claims that the projects should be evaluated by their type and therefore by their ...
GCC Institutional Capacity Assessment Tool v1.0
... discussion back on track if it veers off course, 5) sense whether participants do not understand something, 6) decide whether guiding questions from the facilitator’s guide need to be used or adapted, 7) think quickly and formulate additional probing questions to follow up on what has been said, 8) ...
... discussion back on track if it veers off course, 5) sense whether participants do not understand something, 6) decide whether guiding questions from the facilitator’s guide need to be used or adapted, 7) think quickly and formulate additional probing questions to follow up on what has been said, 8) ...
Mapping the return periods of extreme sea levels: Allowing for short
... point in the DEM becomes flooded is then associated with a return period. The result is a map of the return period of flood events for the Winter and Spring seasons (middle and bottom panels of Fig. 6 respectively). Fig. 6 shows the different extents of the return period of flooding for the Winter ( ...
... point in the DEM becomes flooded is then associated with a return period. The result is a map of the return period of flood events for the Winter and Spring seasons (middle and bottom panels of Fig. 6 respectively). Fig. 6 shows the different extents of the return period of flooding for the Winter ( ...
Two Decades of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
... Atlantic Ocean; specific regional discussions are omitted. Nonetheless, note that the Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) array (Rayner et al. 2011) uniquely spans the North Atlantic at 26.58N and provides a convenient partially independent test.2 At that latitude, the Gulf Stream (Florida Current) is conf ...
... Atlantic Ocean; specific regional discussions are omitted. Nonetheless, note that the Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) array (Rayner et al. 2011) uniquely spans the North Atlantic at 26.58N and provides a convenient partially independent test.2 At that latitude, the Gulf Stream (Florida Current) is conf ...
The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... forced experiment (CS09; Dommenget 2009, hereafter D09). Conversely, if a radiative forcing is applied to the GCM but ocean surface temperatures are fixed at control values, the land temperature will increase only very slightly (Hansen et al. 2002) (this is a ‘‘Hansen’’ experiment; see section 3). C ...
... forced experiment (CS09; Dommenget 2009, hereafter D09). Conversely, if a radiative forcing is applied to the GCM but ocean surface temperatures are fixed at control values, the land temperature will increase only very slightly (Hansen et al. 2002) (this is a ‘‘Hansen’’ experiment; see section 3). C ...
RASSEGNA STAMPA PRESS REVIEW
... solutions to global challenges. At ICCG we experienced a small taste of such potential during the annual contest dedicated to bottom-up, innovative ideas to address climate change. The ICCG Best Climate Practices contest (this year at its third edition) in 2015 focused on the theme “C ...
... solutions to global challenges. At ICCG we experienced a small taste of such potential during the annual contest dedicated to bottom-up, innovative ideas to address climate change. The ICCG Best Climate Practices contest (this year at its third edition) in 2015 focused on the theme “C ...