Earth`s Climate
... source of data on past climate comes from ice cores. By drilling deep into the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, scientists are able to extract ancient ice, some of which formed over 800,000 years ago. These ice cores contain air bubbles, soot, and other materials from the atmosphere during those ...
... source of data on past climate comes from ice cores. By drilling deep into the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, scientists are able to extract ancient ice, some of which formed over 800,000 years ago. These ice cores contain air bubbles, soot, and other materials from the atmosphere during those ...
publication - International Energy Agency
... heavily on coal, the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel. Countries such as Australia, China, India, Poland and South Africa produce over two-thirds of their electricity and heat through the combustion of coal. Between 2013 and 2014, CO2 emissions from electricity and heat increased by 0.2%, compared ...
... heavily on coal, the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel. Countries such as Australia, China, India, Poland and South Africa produce over two-thirds of their electricity and heat through the combustion of coal. Between 2013 and 2014, CO2 emissions from electricity and heat increased by 0.2%, compared ...
Temperature and Heat-Related Mortality Trends in the Sonoran and
... The Sonoran and Mojave Deserts (in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States) are among the most extreme arid zones in the world, with high temperatures exceeding 40 ◦ C during the summer season and critically limited water resources [7–9]. Even under adverse geographical and weather co ...
... The Sonoran and Mojave Deserts (in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States) are among the most extreme arid zones in the world, with high temperatures exceeding 40 ◦ C during the summer season and critically limited water resources [7–9]. Even under adverse geographical and weather co ...
Help for Developing Countries in a World of Rising Grain Prices
... were exposed. People took to the streets to protest tortilla prices in Mexico and the price of bread in Egypt; another dozen countries around the world suffered similar incidents. Worst of all, resource-poor consumers, who spend generally more than half their meager incomes on food, could afford les ...
... were exposed. People took to the streets to protest tortilla prices in Mexico and the price of bread in Egypt; another dozen countries around the world suffered similar incidents. Worst of all, resource-poor consumers, who spend generally more than half their meager incomes on food, could afford les ...
Zoonoses 2 Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector
... or names of specific vector-borne infections, in combination with “control”, “exotic”, “climate change”, “socio-econom*”, “land use”, or “evolution” for reports published in any language before July, 2012. Searches were done at all stages, from the initial drafting of the paper to submission of the ...
... or names of specific vector-borne infections, in combination with “control”, “exotic”, “climate change”, “socio-econom*”, “land use”, or “evolution” for reports published in any language before July, 2012. Searches were done at all stages, from the initial drafting of the paper to submission of the ...
Promising Practices on cLimate cHange in UrBan sUB
... • expanding populations put increased pressure on land (including wetlands and forests) for urban agricultural purposes • for the sake of energy and food security, riparian countries are exploring hydroelectric projects and a switch from rain-fed agriculture to irrigation in the Lake Victoria area ...
... • expanding populations put increased pressure on land (including wetlands and forests) for urban agricultural purposes • for the sake of energy and food security, riparian countries are exploring hydroelectric projects and a switch from rain-fed agriculture to irrigation in the Lake Victoria area ...
Observed groundwater temperature response to recent climate
... at the outlet, to minimize influences by ambient air temperatures. An examination of the time series for seasonal effects revealed that they contain certain minor seasonal effects with annual variations up to ±0.2 K, which indicates an impact of ambient air temperature on the GWT during the sampling ...
... at the outlet, to minimize influences by ambient air temperatures. An examination of the time series for seasonal effects revealed that they contain certain minor seasonal effects with annual variations up to ±0.2 K, which indicates an impact of ambient air temperature on the GWT during the sampling ...
Altieri et al 2015
... between 40 million and 170 million. Moreover, the effects of progressive increases in global mean temperatures will successively lead to a pronounced increase in food prices (as much as 30 %), which in turn will lead to more frequent social upheavals as witnessed during the 2008’s food riots (Hillel ...
... between 40 million and 170 million. Moreover, the effects of progressive increases in global mean temperatures will successively lead to a pronounced increase in food prices (as much as 30 %), which in turn will lead to more frequent social upheavals as witnessed during the 2008’s food riots (Hillel ...
Direct and Indirect Causes of Deforestation
... The EU target for biofuels in the transport sector is 5.7 percent by 2010 and 10 percent by 2020 To what extent is biofuels development leading to the loss of forests and associated ES, such as water and bioD? Under what circumstances can the transition from fossil fuels to biofuels be consistent wi ...
... The EU target for biofuels in the transport sector is 5.7 percent by 2010 and 10 percent by 2020 To what extent is biofuels development leading to the loss of forests and associated ES, such as water and bioD? Under what circumstances can the transition from fossil fuels to biofuels be consistent wi ...
Species-specific responses of an alpine plant community
... the hemiparasite Euphrasia frigida also increased in abundance in the N plots (Figs. 2 and 3b, c, App. 1). Two forbs that did not occur in any of the plots in 2000 were highly abundant in the N (Arabis alpina, Draba norvegica) and TN (Draba norvegica) plots in 2003 (Fig. 2, App. 1). On the contrary, ...
... the hemiparasite Euphrasia frigida also increased in abundance in the N plots (Figs. 2 and 3b, c, App. 1). Two forbs that did not occur in any of the plots in 2000 were highly abundant in the N (Arabis alpina, Draba norvegica) and TN (Draba norvegica) plots in 2003 (Fig. 2, App. 1). On the contrary, ...
A Preventable Crisis: El Niño and La Niña events need earlier
... already deeply vulnerable. To end this cycle of failure, there is an urgent need for humanitarian action where the situation is already dire, to prepare for La Niña later this year, to commit to comprehensive new measures to build communities’ resilience, and to mobilize global action to address cli ...
... already deeply vulnerable. To end this cycle of failure, there is an urgent need for humanitarian action where the situation is already dire, to prepare for La Niña later this year, to commit to comprehensive new measures to build communities’ resilience, and to mobilize global action to address cli ...
Lessons from the Front Lines Preparing for Climate Impacts
... Climate change is happening. Regardless of today’s mitigation efforts, past emissions levels have committed us to decades of rising temperatures and seas. From Hurricane Sandy to record heat, extreme weather events associated with climate change are already devastating communities – and the threat i ...
... Climate change is happening. Regardless of today’s mitigation efforts, past emissions levels have committed us to decades of rising temperatures and seas. From Hurricane Sandy to record heat, extreme weather events associated with climate change are already devastating communities – and the threat i ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: Regional Climate Model Predictions for Ireland (2001-CD-C4-M2) Environmental RTDI Programme 2000–2006
... Figure 2.3. Regional Climate Model verification. The temperature measured at 2-m height (i.e. the standard meteorological temperature) is difficult to model. The ERA-40 data, while based on meteorological observations, do not accurately reflect the regional variation in observed temperatures, mainly ...
... Figure 2.3. Regional Climate Model verification. The temperature measured at 2-m height (i.e. the standard meteorological temperature) is difficult to model. The ERA-40 data, while based on meteorological observations, do not accurately reflect the regional variation in observed temperatures, mainly ...
Bachman - Climate Change Regulation Paper
... nearly triple the long-term average,5 and the percentage of annual precipitation falling in heavy downpour events has increased by 71% in the Northeast and 37% in the Midwest.6 According to the United States’ 2014 National Climate Assessment, “[c]limate change, once considered an issue for a distan ...
... nearly triple the long-term average,5 and the percentage of annual precipitation falling in heavy downpour events has increased by 71% in the Northeast and 37% in the Midwest.6 According to the United States’ 2014 National Climate Assessment, “[c]limate change, once considered an issue for a distan ...
Climate Relicts: Past, Present, Future
... that the surroundings of ice-filled caves in northeast Iowa in the American Midwest harbor more than 60 vascular plants, numerous land snails, and mites of boreal distribution. Gorchakovskii & Zolotareva (2006) identified relict stands of 66 plant species in three species-rich mountainsteppe ecosystem ...
... that the surroundings of ice-filled caves in northeast Iowa in the American Midwest harbor more than 60 vascular plants, numerous land snails, and mites of boreal distribution. Gorchakovskii & Zolotareva (2006) identified relict stands of 66 plant species in three species-rich mountainsteppe ecosystem ...
Economics of Climate Change Kenya
... Extreme events. Even in the absence of climate change, the economic costs of the periodic floods and droughts that affect Kenya could rise significantly in future years, due to socio-economic change (population and economic growth). The study has assessed these changes and finds that in the absence ...
... Extreme events. Even in the absence of climate change, the economic costs of the periodic floods and droughts that affect Kenya could rise significantly in future years, due to socio-economic change (population and economic growth). The study has assessed these changes and finds that in the absence ...
Climate change impacts on groundwater hydrology
... key sources of uncertainty related to hydrological models originate from data, parameter values, and model structure (Refsgaard et al. 2007). The model structural uncertainty includes aspects related to process equations, conceptualisation of the local hydrological system being studied, spatial and ...
... key sources of uncertainty related to hydrological models originate from data, parameter values, and model structure (Refsgaard et al. 2007). The model structural uncertainty includes aspects related to process equations, conceptualisation of the local hydrological system being studied, spatial and ...
Fossil Evidence for Evolution of the Shape and Color of
... their evolution. A giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late Eocene (~36 million years ago) of Peru. The fossil reveals that key feathering features, including undifferentiated primary wing feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage. Analyses o ...
... their evolution. A giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late Eocene (~36 million years ago) of Peru. The fossil reveals that key feathering features, including undifferentiated primary wing feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage. Analyses o ...
Protection of the atmosphere
... programme on the understanding that: “(a) Work on the topic will proceed in a manner so as not to interfere with relevant political negotiations, including on climate change, ozone depletion, and long-range transboundary air pollution. The topic will not deal with, but is also without prejudice to, ...
... programme on the understanding that: “(a) Work on the topic will proceed in a manner so as not to interfere with relevant political negotiations, including on climate change, ozone depletion, and long-range transboundary air pollution. The topic will not deal with, but is also without prejudice to, ...
Stream 3.1 Marine ecosystem change Stream goals
... consequences of change and how these promulgate through the ecosystem. Importantly, tools are needed to assess the likelihood of future changes and/or states of critical biota and Southern Ocean marine ecosystems and how those changes might impact on ecosystem services. There are no projects current ...
... consequences of change and how these promulgate through the ecosystem. Importantly, tools are needed to assess the likelihood of future changes and/or states of critical biota and Southern Ocean marine ecosystems and how those changes might impact on ecosystem services. There are no projects current ...
Chapter 4: NSW Snowy Mountains region
... Earlier thawing of the ice cover on Kosciuszko National Park’s glacial lakes, threatening endemic organisms that have adapted to a layer of ice lasting into early summer. For example, while ice break-up on Blue Lake has been recorded during most of the twentieth century as occurring in November or D ...
... Earlier thawing of the ice cover on Kosciuszko National Park’s glacial lakes, threatening endemic organisms that have adapted to a layer of ice lasting into early summer. For example, while ice break-up on Blue Lake has been recorded during most of the twentieth century as occurring in November or D ...
A NEPA Climate Paradox: Taking Greenhouse Gases into Account
... 6. NEPA establishes the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President to oversee the Act’s implementation, to advise the President on the state of the environment, and to make recommendations for achieving NEPA’s goals. Id. §§ 4342, 4344. In this capacity, CEQ has p ...
... 6. NEPA establishes the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President to oversee the Act’s implementation, to advise the President on the state of the environment, and to make recommendations for achieving NEPA’s goals. Id. §§ 4342, 4344. In this capacity, CEQ has p ...
Flannigan, M. D., B. J. Stocks,and B. M. Wotton. 2000
... at larger scales. Most models are in agreement in predicting the greatest warming at high latitudes and over land. In addition to temperature, other weather variables will be altered in the new climate such as precipitation, wind, cloudiness, etc. The variability of extreme events may be altered as ...
... at larger scales. Most models are in agreement in predicting the greatest warming at high latitudes and over land. In addition to temperature, other weather variables will be altered in the new climate such as precipitation, wind, cloudiness, etc. The variability of extreme events may be altered as ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania
... and there may be longer periods between rain events. There are likely to be more hot summer days and more heat waves relative to what we have previously experienced. East coast water temperatures are projected to increase by up to 2 to 3°C by 2070 relative to 1990 levels. By 2100, the sea l ...
... and there may be longer periods between rain events. There are likely to be more hot summer days and more heat waves relative to what we have previously experienced. East coast water temperatures are projected to increase by up to 2 to 3°C by 2070 relative to 1990 levels. By 2100, the sea l ...