Guidelines on Analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support
... 1.1 The rationale for focusing on weather and climate extremes Changes in extreme weather and climate events have significant impacts and are among the most serious challenges to society in coping with a changing climate (CCSP, 2008). Indeed, ”confidence has increased that some extremes will become ...
... 1.1 The rationale for focusing on weather and climate extremes Changes in extreme weather and climate events have significant impacts and are among the most serious challenges to society in coping with a changing climate (CCSP, 2008). Indeed, ”confidence has increased that some extremes will become ...
Coastal Risk Management Guide
... storm bite, an adjoining zone of reduced foundation capacity will exist landward of an erosion escarpment in sandy dunal systems, as described by Nielsen et al 1992 (see Figure 3.2). It is also important to estimate the extent of land that could be impacted upon by coastal processes and hazards (inc ...
... storm bite, an adjoining zone of reduced foundation capacity will exist landward of an erosion escarpment in sandy dunal systems, as described by Nielsen et al 1992 (see Figure 3.2). It is also important to estimate the extent of land that could be impacted upon by coastal processes and hazards (inc ...
Manitoba Perspectives on Emissions Trading
... – “climate change is a real and pressing problem for Manitoba…” – “strong support for ratification of Kyoto…” – “Kyoto reduction targets are only a modest beginning for what must be done…” – “It is our moral obligation to take all reasonable steps now to reduce emissions and begin adapting to climat ...
... – “climate change is a real and pressing problem for Manitoba…” – “strong support for ratification of Kyoto…” – “Kyoto reduction targets are only a modest beginning for what must be done…” – “It is our moral obligation to take all reasonable steps now to reduce emissions and begin adapting to climat ...
SAEON Fynbos Node Science Plan: 2016 – 2018
... The Fynbos region is home to an incredible diversity of fascinating plant and animal species (Colville et al. 2014). The Core Cape Flora contains upwards of 9000 species, three quarters of which are endemic (Box 1). The plant lineages have their origins in three distinct regions: Gondwana, Tropical ...
... The Fynbos region is home to an incredible diversity of fascinating plant and animal species (Colville et al. 2014). The Core Cape Flora contains upwards of 9000 species, three quarters of which are endemic (Box 1). The plant lineages have their origins in three distinct regions: Gondwana, Tropical ...
Listen! The Animals Are Whispering
... 1000 times faster than it should be. In a 100 years or so, we could lose up to 50% of all the species on earth”. This is rude awakening and it is happening right now. ...
... 1000 times faster than it should be. In a 100 years or so, we could lose up to 50% of all the species on earth”. This is rude awakening and it is happening right now. ...
Peaking China`s CO2 Emissions: Trends and Mitigation Potential
... This section of the report surveys energy- and emissions-modeling scenarios for China from 12 recent representative studies.9 Most of these studies were published after 2010 and they reflect the most recent projections made by the relevant research teams. It is difficult to make comparisons across m ...
... This section of the report surveys energy- and emissions-modeling scenarios for China from 12 recent representative studies.9 Most of these studies were published after 2010 and they reflect the most recent projections made by the relevant research teams. It is difficult to make comparisons across m ...
MCCA Regulations and Syllabus -Masters
... adaptation. It explores the fundamental changes caused by anthropogenic and natural activities that influence the alteration of the living earth’s environment. As a result of the anthropogenic climate change drivers, the global mean surface temperature is projected to increase between 1.5°C and 5.8° ...
... adaptation. It explores the fundamental changes caused by anthropogenic and natural activities that influence the alteration of the living earth’s environment. As a result of the anthropogenic climate change drivers, the global mean surface temperature is projected to increase between 1.5°C and 5.8° ...
Modelling forest growth and carbon storage in response to
... The remaining photosynthate was used for growth, with allocation to different plant organs determined by plant nutrient status, tree height and species-specific allocation factors. It was assumed that the ratio of above to below-ground allocation increased with foliar nitrogen concentration. Foliar ...
... The remaining photosynthate was used for growth, with allocation to different plant organs determined by plant nutrient status, tree height and species-specific allocation factors. It was assumed that the ratio of above to below-ground allocation increased with foliar nitrogen concentration. Foliar ...
hewitson_regionalcl
... For example (empirical downscaling): if local temperature is well determined by synoptic scale sea level pressure (SLP), which shows minimal change into the future. An effective empirical downscaling may be derived, but, what if atmospheric moisture content goes up? The downscaled DT from SLP may be ...
... For example (empirical downscaling): if local temperature is well determined by synoptic scale sea level pressure (SLP), which shows minimal change into the future. An effective empirical downscaling may be derived, but, what if atmospheric moisture content goes up? The downscaled DT from SLP may be ...
Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics
... storage in vegetation, litter and soil as well as water fluxes for these areas. On areas that are converted to crops and pasture the vegetation carbon stored in natural vegetation (carbon in living above- and belowground biomass) is removed from the terrestrial domain and added to the litter pool. D ...
... storage in vegetation, litter and soil as well as water fluxes for these areas. On areas that are converted to crops and pasture the vegetation carbon stored in natural vegetation (carbon in living above- and belowground biomass) is removed from the terrestrial domain and added to the litter pool. D ...
i2280e11
... especially assumptions on GDP and population growth, must not be too different from those assumed in the baseline. This is necessary if the projected results of the scenarios with and without climate change are to be compared. Moreover, the definition of a scenario without climate change is not unam ...
... especially assumptions on GDP and population growth, must not be too different from those assumed in the baseline. This is necessary if the projected results of the scenarios with and without climate change are to be compared. Moreover, the definition of a scenario without climate change is not unam ...
of H.G. Brauch (26 November 2007) - AFES
... milennium.” a) increasing level of globalisation; b) a growing sense of vulnerability to … remote threats, such as distant conflicts, contagions, crop failures and currency fluctuations.” Van Ginkel and Velasquez (2001): environmental challenges: a) ozone deple-tion; b) impact of toxic chemicals on ...
... milennium.” a) increasing level of globalisation; b) a growing sense of vulnerability to … remote threats, such as distant conflicts, contagions, crop failures and currency fluctuations.” Van Ginkel and Velasquez (2001): environmental challenges: a) ozone deple-tion; b) impact of toxic chemicals on ...
Resolving a Paradox: Can Regionalism Help to Promote A Global
... global issues, both calling for a multilateral policy response. Since the establishment of the first multilateral trade agreement, the GATT in 1947, world trade integration has risen steeply and the trade agenda has deepened to include non-tariff barriers. A new phase in the multilateral trading sys ...
... global issues, both calling for a multilateral policy response. Since the establishment of the first multilateral trade agreement, the GATT in 1947, world trade integration has risen steeply and the trade agenda has deepened to include non-tariff barriers. A new phase in the multilateral trading sys ...
Effects of climate change on Agriculture
... anoxic conditions are also needed, since nitrogenase is rapidly inactivated by oxygen. Several genera of Bacteria and Archaea have been described as diazotrophs able to use molecular nitrogen as a nutrient, either as free-living microorganisms or in mutualistic symbioses with plants. These include: ...
... anoxic conditions are also needed, since nitrogenase is rapidly inactivated by oxygen. Several genera of Bacteria and Archaea have been described as diazotrophs able to use molecular nitrogen as a nutrient, either as free-living microorganisms or in mutualistic symbioses with plants. These include: ...
Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis
... must begin to explore this alternate track” (p. 25). Twenty years later, the data and models available are much stronger, and the arguments have been extended and sharpened in many ways, but Broecker et al.’s basic picture remains accurate: Abrupt climate changes happened, their large geographical e ...
... must begin to explore this alternate track” (p. 25). Twenty years later, the data and models available are much stronger, and the arguments have been extended and sharpened in many ways, but Broecker et al.’s basic picture remains accurate: Abrupt climate changes happened, their large geographical e ...
Document
... The eastern Arabian Sea hosts one of the most intense Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ) in the world. Changes in monsoon airflow and subsurface circulation drive OMZ variations in the region. Sediments from the region hosting evidence of past OMZ change have rarely been studied. Hence, retrieving high-qual ...
... The eastern Arabian Sea hosts one of the most intense Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ) in the world. Changes in monsoon airflow and subsurface circulation drive OMZ variations in the region. Sediments from the region hosting evidence of past OMZ change have rarely been studied. Hence, retrieving high-qual ...
DeDevelopment DA – NDI 2012
... circulation that keeps the winter weather in Europe far warmer than its latitude would otherwise allow. Economist William Cline once estimated the damage to the United States alone from moderate levels of warming at 1-6 percent of GDP annually; severe warming could cost 13-26 percent of GDP. But the ...
... circulation that keeps the winter weather in Europe far warmer than its latitude would otherwise allow. Economist William Cline once estimated the damage to the United States alone from moderate levels of warming at 1-6 percent of GDP annually; severe warming could cost 13-26 percent of GDP. But the ...
Transition from Simple, Complicated to Complex Systems
... In environmental engineering, when complicated systems are analyzed using traditional methods of analysis, and after partial success or even maybe complete success of the narrow goals of the study is achieved, we always find ourselves trying to justify how successful the project or research outcome ...
... In environmental engineering, when complicated systems are analyzed using traditional methods of analysis, and after partial success or even maybe complete success of the narrow goals of the study is achieved, we always find ourselves trying to justify how successful the project or research outcome ...
Southern Africa Climate Change Framework
... The sub-region has been experiencing a warming trend over the past few decades. This is consistent with the global trend of temperature rise in the 1970s, 1980s and the 1990s. According to the IPCC, temperatures in the sub-region have risen by over 0.5°C over the last 100 years. Between 1950 and 20 ...
... The sub-region has been experiencing a warming trend over the past few decades. This is consistent with the global trend of temperature rise in the 1970s, 1980s and the 1990s. According to the IPCC, temperatures in the sub-region have risen by over 0.5°C over the last 100 years. Between 1950 and 20 ...
Atmospheric Environment and Renewable Energy
... rather quickly removed from the atmosphere by natural weather processes depending on the meteorological conditions, which do not have long-term effects as explained in the previous section. In a pollutant intact atmosphere naturally available gases namely, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are re ...
... rather quickly removed from the atmosphere by natural weather processes depending on the meteorological conditions, which do not have long-term effects as explained in the previous section. In a pollutant intact atmosphere naturally available gases namely, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are re ...
The Climate Change-Energy Challenge
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
Marine climate change impacts
... This Report Card starts by showing the degree to which climate change is accounted for in marine biodiversity related legislation. An up-to-date analysis of the UK marine protected area network is then provided. This analysis sets the scene for a fuller discussion on how features in the network coul ...
... This Report Card starts by showing the degree to which climate change is accounted for in marine biodiversity related legislation. An up-to-date analysis of the UK marine protected area network is then provided. This analysis sets the scene for a fuller discussion on how features in the network coul ...