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REFERENCE GUIDE FOR THE PHARMACY LICENSING EXAM
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR THE PHARMACY LICENSING EXAM

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Integrative systems control approach for reactivating Kaposi’s
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... collection of pathways. Specifically, we aimed to maximize the reactivation of Kaposi’s Sarcomaassociated Herpesvirus (KSHV) in a Primary Effusion Lymphoma cell line. The advantage of this approach is that it is well-suited to study complex integrated systems; it circumvents the need for detailed info ...
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...  increase the intracellular concentration of cAMP  increase in intracellular Ca, and therefore cardiac contractility . Amrinone  given only i.v. mainly for short-term management of acute congestive heart failure.  is associated with reversible thrombocytopenia (milrinone does not affect platelet ...
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... effects on a wide range of molecular targets in the herbivore. Tannins and other phenolics, for instance, can form multiple hydrogen and ionic bonds with numerous proteins, changing their conformation and impairing their function (Wink, 2003). Another broad category of defensive compounds interferes ...
The Influence of Conformational Isomerism on Drug
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... Consider the following hypothetical example. Assume a drug contains two functional groups, X and Y, which are located on adjacent carbon atoms and which are essential for biological activity. Further assume that the drug is capable of binding to three different receptor types or subtypes. Given this ...
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... in reducing mortality. In a study of patients who took drugs during January–June 2000, those who took newer medications were less likely to die by the end of 2002. The estimated mortality rates were directly related to the time that had elapsed since approval of the drugs: for pre-1970 drugs, the es ...
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... • Block both COX-1 and COX-2, GI upset, bleeding as well as decreasing inflammation • Advice patients to take them with food or a glass of milk and should avoid alcohol. • Pros: – OTC version of these drugs are inexpensive – Low doses of aspirin taken over long term helps to prevent heart attacks, s ...
QUNTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP(QSAR)
QUNTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP(QSAR)

... statistical and does not need computerization of the data. ™ A Topliss scheme is a flow diagram that in a series of steps directs the medicinal chemist to produce a series of analogues, some which have greater activity than lead used to start the tree. ™ There are two topliss schemes 1. For the arom ...
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Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia–a review of progress

... hypothesis postulated that a hyperactive dopaminergic system lies at the core of pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This theory had several limitations: it did not provide a satisfactory explanation for the broad and heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms, there was no integration with other neurotransmi ...
SMOKING_CESSATION
SMOKING_CESSATION

... SEVERAL DAYS – WEEKS – MONTHS - YEARS ...
< 1 ... 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 ... 731 >

Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.
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