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3.7 Optical isomerism
3.7 Optical isomerism

... • These molecules are said to be chiral. The 2 optical isomers are called enantiomers. • The carbon with 4 groups attached is said to be the chiral centre / asymmetric carbon. • An equal amount of the of enantiomers in a mixture is called a racemic mixture / ...
Two Myths of Addiction: The Addictive Personality and
Two Myths of Addiction: The Addictive Personality and

Guidelines for Antipsychotic Medication Switches
Guidelines for Antipsychotic Medication Switches

... Equivalent doses Lack of agreement exists on antipsychotic equivalent doses, due to the different calculation methods used, this is particularly true for high-potency agents. Equivalences quoted are as accurate as the data allows but the following considerations should be remembered: Sedation can c ...
Public Assessment Report
Public Assessment Report

... no change in dissolution. Based on the data, shelf life of 2 years without any special storage conditions is proposed. Discussion on chemical and pharmaceutical aspects Information on development, manufacture and control of the drug substance and drug product has been presented in a satisfactory man ...
Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort
Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort

Early Onset Dementia
Early Onset Dementia

... Brain MRI may help to rule out the differential diagnoses. Usually, MRI in a patient with PEM is unremarkable, although T2-weighted hyperintensity may be noted in mesial temporal lobes and associated limbic structures. ...
Xanax (alprazolam)
Xanax (alprazolam)

... and safety of those treatments. Physicians may use Xanax outside its approved indications to treat social phobia, depression, and premenstrual syndrome. As with other benzodiazepines, Xanax is associated with dependence and abuse and is regulated as a controlled substance by state and federal laws. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... down”  The only thing it can be is a Mucocele  A mucous cyst (MC) is a benign, common, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary glands in the oral cavity-(mucocele) ...
NUR292 NCLEX REVIEW
NUR292 NCLEX REVIEW

... • Can range from mild to severe (anaphylaxis) ...
INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, CERE BRAL EDEMA
INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, CERE BRAL EDEMA

... Increased intracranial pressure results from either localized or generalized cerebral edema. The types of cerebral edema are vasogenic, cytotoxic, or interstitial. Increased capillary permeability causes vasogenic edema; this occurs with brain tumor, abscess, trauma, and hemorrhage. The fluid is loc ...
gcse biology - School
gcse biology - School

... Discuss what should be given to the ‘patient’ and why. Discussion and notes on painkillers and how they act. Discussion of antibiotics and how they act. Page 34-35 in Nelson and 12-13 in Longman. Set up agar plates with penicillin discs. Will need to order bacteria (M.luteus) seeded agar plates and ...
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... specific new molecules that can lead more efficiently to useful drug discovery. Not only did the rapid development of organic & medicinal chemistry make it possible to determine the structure of natural drugs. New drug discovery may be considered broadly in terms of two kinds of investigational acti ...
Oral suspension
Oral suspension

... mebendazole exhibited evidence of hepatic dysfunction characterized by extremely elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in conjuction with depressed serum albumin levels. It is hypothesized that Mo. moniliformis may metabolize the drug and release a metabolite that is highly toxic to the host. On t ...
Hypertension update
Hypertension update

... Low dose ASA is only considered when BP control is achieved , due to the increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in this population . ...
Physiological Treatments
Physiological Treatments

... Stress response involves: 1. Increased levels of certain neurotransmitters (e.g. GABA, noradrenaline) 2. Increased activity in particular brain areas (e.g. limbic system) 3. Increased activity in sympathetic nervous system ...
ACSM outline - Geriatric Assessment Tool Kit
ACSM outline - Geriatric Assessment Tool Kit

... Weaker diuretic than the other 2 types, but does not deplete Potassium ↓ Afterload (arterial), ↓ Preload (venous) For: Dysrhythmia (not used as much as in the past) Sodium channel blockers: decreases cardiac membrane excitability For: Dysrhythmia Prolongs cardiac re-polarization, preventing too-rapi ...
112 comunicação breve redução da reatividade a ansiolíticos
112 comunicação breve redução da reatividade a ansiolíticos

... pharmacological efficacy rather than merely in potency. In addition, an increased reactivity to the hypothermic effect of diazepam in M rats has been reported (4). Therefore, although pharmacokinetic factors cannot be entirely ruled out, malnutrition seems to affect neural mechanisms involved in anx ...
wyeth and pfizer agree to pay $784.6 million to resolve allegations
wyeth and pfizer agree to pay $784.6 million to resolve allegations

... terms of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Agreement by linking discounts available to participating hospitals for Protonix IV to discounts on Protonix Oral tablets. However, Wyeth did not treat the sales of Protonix Oral tablets and Protonix IV as bundled within the meaning of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Progr ...


... and that it is reasonable to project similar plasma levels, whether this total daily dose is given as 60 mg every 4 to 6 hours or as 60 mg Additionally, every 6 hours. there is insufficient evidence in these data to show that an increase in adverse reactions occurs from administration of the drug at ...
Respiratory-pharmacology
Respiratory-pharmacology

... Methylxanthines CNS stimulants that have additional bronchodilatory properties. Used only when other drugs such as beta 2 specific agents are ineffective. Possibly block adenosine receptors. Prototype is theophylline, taken orally. Aminophylline, an IV medication, is rapidly metabolized into theoph ...
Hallucinogens: LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP - ncadd-sfv
Hallucinogens: LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP - ncadd-sfv

... drugs that cause hallucinations, which are profound distortions in a person’s perception of reality. Under the influence of hallucinogens, people see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings. LSD, peyote ...
Local Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics

... Elevated extracellular Ca2+ antagonizes ! action of LA by Ca2+ which increase ! surface potential on ! membrane. ...


... In the past, the agency has approved citizen petitions requesting a change in dosage form, and last year approved a petition (Attachment D) for a similar type of change as here {i .e., oral tablet to oral strip} . See Docket No. 2004P-0353/CP1 (July 5, 2005) authorizing the submission of an ANDA for ...
Milk Thistle - World Parrot Trust
Milk Thistle - World Parrot Trust

... doses for silymarin range from 50-250 mg/day (100-150 mg/kg every 8-12 hours in birds), and this is dependent on the purity and potency of the various commercial milk thistle products. Milk thistle is reported to have a very low toxicity – in at least one study normal cats were found to have no outw ...
T-VDA ALS
T-VDA ALS

... muscular degeneration is excess calcium (Ca2+). Ca2+ channels are, therefore, important drug targets for this neurological disorder. Venoms from theraphosids (tarantulas), scorpions and snakes are rich sources of new Ca2+ channel tools. The ALS targeted array contains pure venom fractions from 12, 2 ...
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Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.
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