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IntroTHT_2e_SM_Chap01
IntroTHT_2e_SM_Chap01

... 1-22C The experimental approach (testing and taking measurements) has the advantage of dealing with the actual physical system, and getting a physical value within the limits of experimental error. However, this approach is expensive, time consuming, and often impractical. The analytical approach (a ...
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... A freight train consists of two 8.00 104  kg engines and 45 cars with average masses of 5.50 10 4 kg . (a) What force must each engine exert backward on the track to accelerate the train at a rate of 5.00  10 –2 m/s 2 if the force of friction is 7.50  105 N , assuming the engines exert identica ...
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... which is divided into two areas of study; statics and dynamics. Statics is the study of equilibrium. in which forces balance each other and thereby cancel out any movement. Rigid frameworks, such as a bridge, a vehicle chassis, or the timber frame of a house or roof are examples of statics. If the f ...
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... be wise to begin with a few nails and work upward to more nails? Answer: No, no, no! There would be one less physics teacher if the demonstration were performed with fewer nails. The resulting greater pressure would cause harm. ...
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... examine the contribution from the rope (which would be the “Wa” term in Eq. 7-15): Wa = (50 N)(0.50 m) = 25 J (the minus sign arises from the fact that the pull from the rope is anti-parallel to the direction of motion of the block). Thus, the kinetic energy would have been 25 J greater if the rop ...
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... person’s body axis at a constant speed. The force of the string on the rock is off the vertical by the angle θ. speed (more on this later). ¤ A 2000 lb car is traveling at 50 mph around the curve illustrated in Fig. 1, with r = 390 ft. Show that the acceleration of the car, traveling at a constant 5 ...
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... knowledge of physics to get back to the ship? Obviously, Kevin will apply his knowledge of Newton’s 3rd Law. He knows that when he pushes on the wrench, the wrench pushes back on him. This means all he has to do is push the wrench away from the space shuttle and the wrench will push him back toward ...
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... Because it is accelerating, the force the horse exerts on the cart has increased. By Newton's third law, the force of the cart on the horse has increased by the same amount. But the horse is also accelerating, so the friction of the ground on its hooves must be larger than the force the cart exerts ...
t1 - MIT
t1 - MIT

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G-force



g-force (with g from gravitational) is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes weight. Despite the name, it is incorrect to consider g-force a fundamental force, as ""g-force"" (lower case character) is a type of acceleration that can be measured with an accelerometer. Since g-force accelerations indirectly produce weight, any g-force can be described as a ""weight per unit mass"" (see the synonym specific weight). When the g-force acceleration is produced by the surface of one object being pushed by the surface of another object, the reaction-force to this push produces an equal and opposite weight for every unit of an object's mass. The types of forces involved are transmitted through objects by interior mechanical stresses. The g-force acceleration (save for certain electromagnetic force influences) is the cause of an object's acceleration in relation to free-fall.The g-force acceleration experienced by an object is due to the vector sum of all non-gravitational and non-electromagnetic forces acting on an object's freedom to move. In practice, as noted, these are surface-contact forces between objects. Such forces cause stresses and strains on objects, since they must be transmitted from an object surface. Because of these strains, large g-forces may be destructive.Gravitation acting alone does not produce a g-force, even though g-forces are expressed in multiples of the acceleration of a standard gravity. Thus, the standard gravitational acceleration at the Earth's surface produces g-force only indirectly, as a result of resistance to it by mechanical forces. These mechanical forces actually produce the g-force acceleration on a mass. For example, the 1 g force on an object sitting on the Earth's surface is caused by mechanical force exerted in the upward direction by the ground, keeping the object from going into free-fall. The upward contact-force from the ground ensures that an object at rest on the Earth's surface is accelerating relative to the free-fall condition (Free fall is the path that the object would follow when falling freely toward the Earth's center). Stress inside the object is ensured from the fact that the ground contact forces are transmitted only from the point of contact with the ground.Objects allowed to free-fall in an inertial trajectory under the influence of gravitation-only, feel no g-force acceleration, a condition known as zero-g (which means zero g-force). This is demonstrated by the ""zero-g"" conditions inside a freely falling elevator falling toward the Earth's center (in vacuum), or (to good approximation) conditions inside a spacecraft in Earth orbit. These are examples of coordinate acceleration (a change in velocity) without a sensation of weight. The experience of no g-force (zero-g), however it is produced, is synonymous with weightlessness.In the absence of gravitational fields, or in directions at right angles to them, proper and coordinate accelerations are the same, and any coordinate acceleration must be produced by a corresponding g-force acceleration. An example here is a rocket in free space, in which simple changes in velocity are produced by the engines, and produce g-forces on the rocket and passengers.
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