Introduction to Psychology
... What happens during an action potential? The axon membrane is pierced by tiny tunnels or “holes,” called ion channels. Normally, these tiny openings are blocked by molecules that act like “gates” or “doors.” During an action potential, the gates pop open. This allows sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into t ...
... What happens during an action potential? The axon membrane is pierced by tiny tunnels or “holes,” called ion channels. Normally, these tiny openings are blocked by molecules that act like “gates” or “doors.” During an action potential, the gates pop open. This allows sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into t ...
THALAMUS
... containing the subthalamic nucleus already discussed, the epithalamus which is made up mostly of the pineal body, and the dorsal thalamus (henceforth referred to as the thalamus) which is the focus of this lecture. Although we will not spend any time in lecture on the pineal body, part of the epitha ...
... containing the subthalamic nucleus already discussed, the epithalamus which is made up mostly of the pineal body, and the dorsal thalamus (henceforth referred to as the thalamus) which is the focus of this lecture. Although we will not spend any time in lecture on the pineal body, part of the epitha ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... motor actions by observational learning. Observational learning is understood here as the capacity to acquire an action strategy only through observation of other agents, without the experimentation needed in other learning procedures. Our brain imaging and neurophysiological investigations will att ...
... motor actions by observational learning. Observational learning is understood here as the capacity to acquire an action strategy only through observation of other agents, without the experimentation needed in other learning procedures. Our brain imaging and neurophysiological investigations will att ...
Schwartz
... demonstrated that the distribution of orientation preference across visual cortex does not occur in a box-like, discrete fashion, as proposed by earlier models based on electrophysiological data (Hubel and Wiesel, 1963). Rather, the range of orientations is smoothly distributed around a central poin ...
... demonstrated that the distribution of orientation preference across visual cortex does not occur in a box-like, discrete fashion, as proposed by earlier models based on electrophysiological data (Hubel and Wiesel, 1963). Rather, the range of orientations is smoothly distributed around a central poin ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... of the fathers of Gestalt psychology, together with Held, invoked ‘‘electric field’’ effects to explain how the perception of patterns would be produced in the brain. In their study, they set out to demonstrate an isomorphic shape correlate of pattern vision (see the review by Wurtz, 2009), but what ...
... of the fathers of Gestalt psychology, together with Held, invoked ‘‘electric field’’ effects to explain how the perception of patterns would be produced in the brain. In their study, they set out to demonstrate an isomorphic shape correlate of pattern vision (see the review by Wurtz, 2009), but what ...
06-pons + midbrain
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep, particularly REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. ...
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep, particularly REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... Once the activity has been evoked in region CA3, it will spread along backprojections into neurons of the entorhinal cortex, and subsequently neurons of the parahippocampal cortex, temporal cortex and frontal cortex. An important function for these regions is to receive specific items evoked within ...
... Once the activity has been evoked in region CA3, it will spread along backprojections into neurons of the entorhinal cortex, and subsequently neurons of the parahippocampal cortex, temporal cortex and frontal cortex. An important function for these regions is to receive specific items evoked within ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... commensurate to the benefits that it will generate. Otherwise they would end up purchasing items for a price that exceeds their worth to them. Despite its pervasiveness and importance for economic well being, little is known about how the brain performs the WTP computation in everyday transactions, ...
... commensurate to the benefits that it will generate. Otherwise they would end up purchasing items for a price that exceeds their worth to them. Despite its pervasiveness and importance for economic well being, little is known about how the brain performs the WTP computation in everyday transactions, ...
Research in Mammalian Mastication1
... between different studies, certain communalities emerge from the pooled mammalian masticatory studies. Certain muscles are associated with specific mandibular movements during mastication. These sim- ...
... between different studies, certain communalities emerge from the pooled mammalian masticatory studies. Certain muscles are associated with specific mandibular movements during mastication. These sim- ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... sults show that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in rats induced a significant increase in Achase activity in the medulla oblongata, pons and thalamus, without affecting the enzymes activity in the striatum, hippocampus or cerebral cortex. The present data agree with the reported heterogeneous distrib ...
... sults show that 96 h of REM sleep deprivation in rats induced a significant increase in Achase activity in the medulla oblongata, pons and thalamus, without affecting the enzymes activity in the striatum, hippocampus or cerebral cortex. The present data agree with the reported heterogeneous distrib ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... The first approach faces the same problem as the post-mortem studies: picking the correct slice angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreov ...
... The first approach faces the same problem as the post-mortem studies: picking the correct slice angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreov ...
Modulation of brain activity by electrical stimulation and external
... The basal ganglia, thalamus and motor cortex all play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Even though they have different functions, a disturbance in one of these areas can disrupt the complex interaction network, which can lead to several movement disorders. First indications of the importan ...
... The basal ganglia, thalamus and motor cortex all play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Even though they have different functions, a disturbance in one of these areas can disrupt the complex interaction network, which can lead to several movement disorders. First indications of the importan ...
Chapter 7 - Bakersfield College
... cochlear hair cells and the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei of the medulla • Cochlear nuclei synapse directly or indirectly with the inferior colliculus • The inferior colliculus projects to the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus ...
... cochlear hair cells and the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei of the medulla • Cochlear nuclei synapse directly or indirectly with the inferior colliculus • The inferior colliculus projects to the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — even during sustained attention, awareness can fluctuate (as during binocular rivalry61) or fail to isolate the target stimulus (as during perceptual crowding132). Early single-unit studies in the monkey yielded few reports of attentio ...
... attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — even during sustained attention, awareness can fluctuate (as during binocular rivalry61) or fail to isolate the target stimulus (as during perceptual crowding132). Early single-unit studies in the monkey yielded few reports of attentio ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... theory with neurophysiological techniques have revealed the explicit representation of behavioral value. Specifically, when fluid reinforcement is paired with visually-guided eye movements, neurons in parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and superior colliculus—all nodes in a network ...
... theory with neurophysiological techniques have revealed the explicit representation of behavioral value. Specifically, when fluid reinforcement is paired with visually-guided eye movements, neurons in parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and superior colliculus—all nodes in a network ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... associated specifically with fear stimuli that evoked a phasic skin conductance arousal response. This pattern of activity may represent a “visceral” system subserving the subjective appraisal of threat (15–19). By contrast, distinct hippocampus lateral prefrontal activity was elicited by stimuli th ...
... associated specifically with fear stimuli that evoked a phasic skin conductance arousal response. This pattern of activity may represent a “visceral” system subserving the subjective appraisal of threat (15–19). By contrast, distinct hippocampus lateral prefrontal activity was elicited by stimuli th ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... effect of drug intake) yields the opposite effect. Thus, this work suggests a circuit scenario according to which endogenous DSI is beneficial for, whereas an exogenous drug such as marijuana is detrimental to, working memory and possibly other prefrontal functions. Keywords: continuous attractor ne ...
... effect of drug intake) yields the opposite effect. Thus, this work suggests a circuit scenario according to which endogenous DSI is beneficial for, whereas an exogenous drug such as marijuana is detrimental to, working memory and possibly other prefrontal functions. Keywords: continuous attractor ne ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... and cone receptor proteins in man. It appears on the basis of sequence homologies that the genes that produce the rod and cone receptor proteins are replicas of an ancient gene for a receptor protein. 31 The genes for the red and green receptor proteins are located adjacent to each other on the X ch ...
... and cone receptor proteins in man. It appears on the basis of sequence homologies that the genes that produce the rod and cone receptor proteins are replicas of an ancient gene for a receptor protein. 31 The genes for the red and green receptor proteins are located adjacent to each other on the X ch ...
audition - Neuroanatomy
... The outer ear performs two functions that are important for hearing. First, the outer ear amplifies speech sounds. Notice that most of the curves are plotted above the “0” line, so the external ear amplifies tones of almost all frequencies shown. Sounds around 4 kHz and 14 kHz, for example, were 10 ...
... The outer ear performs two functions that are important for hearing. First, the outer ear amplifies speech sounds. Notice that most of the curves are plotted above the “0” line, so the external ear amplifies tones of almost all frequencies shown. Sounds around 4 kHz and 14 kHz, for example, were 10 ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... from DA “salience cells” that respond to aversive as well as rewarding stimuli. dlPFC Delay cells generate persistent representations of visual spatial position across the delay epoch and are thought to be concentrated in deep layer III (and possibly superficial layer V), whereas Response-related ce ...
... from DA “salience cells” that respond to aversive as well as rewarding stimuli. dlPFC Delay cells generate persistent representations of visual spatial position across the delay epoch and are thought to be concentrated in deep layer III (and possibly superficial layer V), whereas Response-related ce ...
The case of KC: contributions of a memory
... Milner (1957) introduced to the world the now famous case H.M. who graphically illustrated several fundamental distinctions in memory that had been psychologically contemplated at least as early as James (1890) but whose biological reality had remained in doubt. Work with H.M. produced clear distinc ...
... Milner (1957) introduced to the world the now famous case H.M. who graphically illustrated several fundamental distinctions in memory that had been psychologically contemplated at least as early as James (1890) but whose biological reality had remained in doubt. Work with H.M. produced clear distinc ...
Collapsing Distinctions: Interacting within Fields of Intelligence on
... Why music in this context—why is this landscape so stimulating? Music is a stimulating and useful source of metaphors for ETC because it is such an open form of human activity. We can consider invented cognitive models and propositional realities as musical objects and regard listening as a composit ...
... Why music in this context—why is this landscape so stimulating? Music is a stimulating and useful source of metaphors for ETC because it is such an open form of human activity. We can consider invented cognitive models and propositional realities as musical objects and regard listening as a composit ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The neuronal circuitry that supports voluntary changes in eye position in tasks that require attention-driven oculo-motor control is well known. However, less is known about the neuronal basis for eye control during visual fixation. This, together with the fact that visual fixation is one of the mos ...
... The neuronal circuitry that supports voluntary changes in eye position in tasks that require attention-driven oculo-motor control is well known. However, less is known about the neuronal basis for eye control during visual fixation. This, together with the fact that visual fixation is one of the mos ...
empathize with fictional characters
... typically associated with language disorders, and brain imaging studies using language activation tasks invariably activate this brain region. There is also a functional argument linking mirror neurons to language. Indeed, well before mirror neurons were discovered, some linguists proposed that for ...
... typically associated with language disorders, and brain imaging studies using language activation tasks invariably activate this brain region. There is also a functional argument linking mirror neurons to language. Indeed, well before mirror neurons were discovered, some linguists proposed that for ...