Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... limbic structures has been shown to be rewarding but has not been studied extensively with respect to drug sensitivity or connectivity with other reward sites. The initial hypothesis as to the second-stage neurons in MFB brain stimulation reward was that the descending first-stage fibers projected d ...
... limbic structures has been shown to be rewarding but has not been studied extensively with respect to drug sensitivity or connectivity with other reward sites. The initial hypothesis as to the second-stage neurons in MFB brain stimulation reward was that the descending first-stage fibers projected d ...
Neural Manipulation 1 Preparation
... is a gentle hands-on therapy which helps to free up the nerves and the connective tissue around the nerves (dura mater), the bones around the brain (cranium) so that the nervous system functions better. (Barral & Croibier 2007) ...
... is a gentle hands-on therapy which helps to free up the nerves and the connective tissue around the nerves (dura mater), the bones around the brain (cranium) so that the nervous system functions better. (Barral & Croibier 2007) ...
CNS - JCU - Pathology Web
... the motor nerve to the superior oblique muscle which moves the eye downwards and outwards. Black arrow cranial nerve V. A big nerve that arises from the middle of the pons and is sensory to the face. Nerves VI, VII and VIII arise from the lower border of the pons. Green arrow cranial nerve VI which ...
... the motor nerve to the superior oblique muscle which moves the eye downwards and outwards. Black arrow cranial nerve V. A big nerve that arises from the middle of the pons and is sensory to the face. Nerves VI, VII and VIII arise from the lower border of the pons. Green arrow cranial nerve VI which ...
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the central nervous
... using Photoshop CS (Adobe). Images emerged from Image stacks obtained by scanning microscopy were processed and edited using the 3-D reconstruction software IMARIS (Bitplane AG, Zürich). All confocal images are based on stacks of between 50 and 170 optical sections of a z-series taken at intervals o ...
... using Photoshop CS (Adobe). Images emerged from Image stacks obtained by scanning microscopy were processed and edited using the 3-D reconstruction software IMARIS (Bitplane AG, Zürich). All confocal images are based on stacks of between 50 and 170 optical sections of a z-series taken at intervals o ...
MR-guided parenchymal delivery of adeno-associated
... to striatum suggesting that nerve terminals took up viral particles and transported to the neuronal cell bodies harbored in distal anatomically connected structures. Recently, axonal transport of AAV serotype 9 has also been characterized.21–23 Putaminal infusions revealed transport to thalamus and ...
... to striatum suggesting that nerve terminals took up viral particles and transported to the neuronal cell bodies harbored in distal anatomically connected structures. Recently, axonal transport of AAV serotype 9 has also been characterized.21–23 Putaminal infusions revealed transport to thalamus and ...
Functional Organization of the Neural Language System: Dorsal and
... Shafto, et al. 2010; Tyler et al. 2011), the controls showed significant clusters of activation in LpMTG and LIFG for stimuli that loaded on syntactic analysis, with the LIFG activity consisting of one cluster primarily located in BA45 and another primarily in BA44. Tracking between these clusters se ...
... Shafto, et al. 2010; Tyler et al. 2011), the controls showed significant clusters of activation in LpMTG and LIFG for stimuli that loaded on syntactic analysis, with the LIFG activity consisting of one cluster primarily located in BA45 and another primarily in BA44. Tracking between these clusters se ...
Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
... Disentangling these possible causes has important implications for treatment strategies. The present study wants to contribute to the discussion by studying the target organ of interest, the brain, and measuring levels of autoimmunity. Animal studies have indicated that adult-onset hypothyroidism le ...
... Disentangling these possible causes has important implications for treatment strategies. The present study wants to contribute to the discussion by studying the target organ of interest, the brain, and measuring levels of autoimmunity. Animal studies have indicated that adult-onset hypothyroidism le ...
L10-Internal_Structures_of_Brainstem-20132014-08
... The ventral portion is marked by numerous transversely oriented fascicles of pontocerebellar fibres that originate from scattered cell groups, the pontine nuclei, and that pass to the contralateral side of the cerebellum through the ...
... The ventral portion is marked by numerous transversely oriented fascicles of pontocerebellar fibres that originate from scattered cell groups, the pontine nuclei, and that pass to the contralateral side of the cerebellum through the ...
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism
... disorders is limited to domain-specific social brain areas has not been directly evaluated to date. In part, this has been due to methodological limitations. Connectivity differences in functional MRI, assessed using correlation or related methods, are much more difficult to measure in a whole-brain ...
... disorders is limited to domain-specific social brain areas has not been directly evaluated to date. In part, this has been due to methodological limitations. Connectivity differences in functional MRI, assessed using correlation or related methods, are much more difficult to measure in a whole-brain ...
Alcohol and neuroinflammation: Involvement of astroglial cells and
... system may not be able to recognize every possible antigen; but may instead focus on a few highly conserved structures expressed by large groups of microorganisms. These conserved structural motifs are referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and the receptors of the innate imm ...
... system may not be able to recognize every possible antigen; but may instead focus on a few highly conserved structures expressed by large groups of microorganisms. These conserved structural motifs are referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and the receptors of the innate imm ...
Real-time tomography from magnetoencephalography (MEG
... to a highly non-linear system of equations that must be solved independently for each single timeslice of data. Linear methods allow statistical analysis and other linear pre-processing operations at the level of MEG signals. As a result the inverse problem can be solved for a much reduced “clean” s ...
... to a highly non-linear system of equations that must be solved independently for each single timeslice of data. Linear methods allow statistical analysis and other linear pre-processing operations at the level of MEG signals. As a result the inverse problem can be solved for a much reduced “clean” s ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... (like the midbrain) and late ones (like the cortex). Our nickname for this relationship is “late equals large”. Thus, particular parts of the brain increase disproportionately by a developmental rule. This was quite a disturbing finding, in that most previous accounts of disproportionate enlargement ...
... (like the midbrain) and late ones (like the cortex). Our nickname for this relationship is “late equals large”. Thus, particular parts of the brain increase disproportionately by a developmental rule. This was quite a disturbing finding, in that most previous accounts of disproportionate enlargement ...
Cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume covariance patterns of
... patterns of CBF and GMV related to each cognitive measure using the SSM approach implemented in the principal components analysis (PCA) toolbox (http://groups.google.com/group/gcva) [Habeck et al., 2005; Habeck and Stern, 2007]. The analyses were conducted separately for each of the two brain measur ...
... patterns of CBF and GMV related to each cognitive measure using the SSM approach implemented in the principal components analysis (PCA) toolbox (http://groups.google.com/group/gcva) [Habeck et al., 2005; Habeck and Stern, 2007]. The analyses were conducted separately for each of the two brain measur ...
Mapping the Brain
... to map the activity of ever larger cellular populations as an animal performs specific behaviors. Assembling anatomical, molecular and functional maps has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of how brains work. In this Focus, experts outline the technologies needed to obtain these map ...
... to map the activity of ever larger cellular populations as an animal performs specific behaviors. Assembling anatomical, molecular and functional maps has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of how brains work. In this Focus, experts outline the technologies needed to obtain these map ...
JEDNAK KSIAZKI
... specified populations of neurons on or off with light, the combination of genetics and optics can control well-defined events within specific cells. Research of the retina using electrical signals as photons of light which control brain activity may have application to a memory function activated by ...
... specified populations of neurons on or off with light, the combination of genetics and optics can control well-defined events within specific cells. Research of the retina using electrical signals as photons of light which control brain activity may have application to a memory function activated by ...
- Wiley Online Library
... required before any functional information can be obtained. As a result, important patient management decisions must be made without complete knowledge of the anatomic relationship between the lesion borders and functionally eloquent cortex. In contrast, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ...
... required before any functional information can be obtained. As a result, important patient management decisions must be made without complete knowledge of the anatomic relationship between the lesion borders and functionally eloquent cortex. In contrast, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ...
Region-specific effects of hypothyroidism on the relative expression
... treatment and until sacrifice. The animals were rendered hypothyroid by 4.5 weeks of treatment with 0.025% methimozole in their drinking water; the control group was given water ad libitum. A second group of hypothyroid animals received T4 [0.4 mg T4 /kg body weight (BW)] with three different intrap ...
... treatment and until sacrifice. The animals were rendered hypothyroid by 4.5 weeks of treatment with 0.025% methimozole in their drinking water; the control group was given water ad libitum. A second group of hypothyroid animals received T4 [0.4 mg T4 /kg body weight (BW)] with three different intrap ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... Heteromodal integration displays complicated temporal patterns: absent in the superior colliculus of newborn’s brain, it arises in the earlier weeks/months of postnatal life [4,5]. As time goes on, neurons develop their capacity to engage in multisensory integration, which determines whether stimuli ...
... Heteromodal integration displays complicated temporal patterns: absent in the superior colliculus of newborn’s brain, it arises in the earlier weeks/months of postnatal life [4,5]. As time goes on, neurons develop their capacity to engage in multisensory integration, which determines whether stimuli ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... generalization. The kind of seizure might differ with diverse histological subtypes, tumor location and extent. The fundamental patho-physiologic mechanisms of tumorassociated seizures are defectively comprehended and might comprise of alteration of peritumoral amino acids, regional metabolism, pH, ...
... generalization. The kind of seizure might differ with diverse histological subtypes, tumor location and extent. The fundamental patho-physiologic mechanisms of tumorassociated seizures are defectively comprehended and might comprise of alteration of peritumoral amino acids, regional metabolism, pH, ...
Fractionating Human Intelligence
... combined with the intractability of developing tests that measure individual cognitive processes, it is likely that a more complex set of factors contribute to correlations in performance (Carroll, 1993). Defining the biological basis of these factors remains a challenge, however, due in part to the ...
... combined with the intractability of developing tests that measure individual cognitive processes, it is likely that a more complex set of factors contribute to correlations in performance (Carroll, 1993). Defining the biological basis of these factors remains a challenge, however, due in part to the ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... connectivity of the PPN region in humans. This technique is an effective noninvasive method for examining anatomical connections of clinically important structures in the human nervous system. Although the results from our investigation of diffusion weighted imaging in humans in general agree with t ...
... connectivity of the PPN region in humans. This technique is an effective noninvasive method for examining anatomical connections of clinically important structures in the human nervous system. Although the results from our investigation of diffusion weighted imaging in humans in general agree with t ...
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... conversion of D5-3b-hydroxysteroids into D4-3-ketosteroids, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones (Fig. 1). Molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding 3b-HSD has revealed the existence in human of two isoforms of the enzyme: type I 3b-HSD which is mainly expressed ...
... conversion of D5-3b-hydroxysteroids into D4-3-ketosteroids, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones (Fig. 1). Molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding 3b-HSD has revealed the existence in human of two isoforms of the enzyme: type I 3b-HSD which is mainly expressed ...
Changes in Resting State Effective Connectivity in the Motor
... region’s timecourse is used as a regressor against which all other regions’ timecourses are correlated. Seed analyses produce statistical parametric maps indicating how strongly each region is correlated with the seed region. Seed analyses have been used widely in the functional connectivity literat ...
... region’s timecourse is used as a regressor against which all other regions’ timecourses are correlated. Seed analyses produce statistical parametric maps indicating how strongly each region is correlated with the seed region. Seed analyses have been used widely in the functional connectivity literat ...
19 TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS (C.N. IV)
... One of the major efferent projections of the superior colliculus is to the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. This TECTOSPINAL TRACT arises from cells within the intermediate and deep layers, crosses at midbrain levels and courses caudally through the midbrain, pons and medulla close to the MLF (we do not identi ...
... One of the major efferent projections of the superior colliculus is to the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. This TECTOSPINAL TRACT arises from cells within the intermediate and deep layers, crosses at midbrain levels and courses caudally through the midbrain, pons and medulla close to the MLF (we do not identi ...