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ABC Studentships
... Background: If, as has been claimed, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by anomalous temporal binding[1], then they should show abnormal functional connectivity during tasks requiring visual feature binding(VFB). VFB, when viewing illusory figures such as Mooney faces, has been show ...
... Background: If, as has been claimed, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterised by anomalous temporal binding[1], then they should show abnormal functional connectivity during tasks requiring visual feature binding(VFB). VFB, when viewing illusory figures such as Mooney faces, has been show ...
On-center off surround ganglion cells
... The V1 cortex receives from the LGN an on/off signal with heightened contrast, input to V1 through layer 4, processing in this model responds to overlapping processes mainly in layers 2 and 3. The model includes one hypercolumn, analyzing a small sector of the image from images of landscapes and pla ...
... The V1 cortex receives from the LGN an on/off signal with heightened contrast, input to V1 through layer 4, processing in this model responds to overlapping processes mainly in layers 2 and 3. The model includes one hypercolumn, analyzing a small sector of the image from images of landscapes and pla ...
Input to the Cerebellar Cortex
... responses to mossy fiber input. Climbing fibers also may play a role in cerebellar learning. 2.Mossy fibers constitute the majority of the cerebellar input: a. Cerebropontocerebellar fibers--arise from pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, synapse on pontine nuclei which send their axons to the co ...
... responses to mossy fiber input. Climbing fibers also may play a role in cerebellar learning. 2.Mossy fibers constitute the majority of the cerebellar input: a. Cerebropontocerebellar fibers--arise from pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, synapse on pontine nuclei which send their axons to the co ...
Inquiry into Life, Eleventh Edition
... 17.3 The limbic system and higher mental functions • The limbic system – Complex network of tracts and nuclei deep in cerebrum – Blends primitive emotions (fear, aggression, pleasure) with higher mental functions (reasoning, memory) ...
... 17.3 The limbic system and higher mental functions • The limbic system – Complex network of tracts and nuclei deep in cerebrum – Blends primitive emotions (fear, aggression, pleasure) with higher mental functions (reasoning, memory) ...
Nervous Systems
... – others inhibit a receiving cell’s activity by decreasing its ability to develop action potentials. ...
... – others inhibit a receiving cell’s activity by decreasing its ability to develop action potentials. ...
Nuclear medicine in psychiatry
... ces [20]. In the late stages a significant hypometabolism is found ...
... ces [20]. In the late stages a significant hypometabolism is found ...
Slide 1
... – others inhibit a receiving cell’s activity by decreasing its ability to develop action potentials. ...
... – others inhibit a receiving cell’s activity by decreasing its ability to develop action potentials. ...
Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain
... axonal pathways. In a non-human primate model, an electronic neural implant capable of autonomous recording and stimulation enabled the synchronization of neural activity from two discrete cortical regions, resulting in the reorganization of motor output representations (Jackson et al., 2006). This ...
... axonal pathways. In a non-human primate model, an electronic neural implant capable of autonomous recording and stimulation enabled the synchronization of neural activity from two discrete cortical regions, resulting in the reorganization of motor output representations (Jackson et al., 2006). This ...
12 - Mrs. Jensen's Science Classroom
... Ventricles of the Brain • Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) • Lined by ependymal cells • Connected to one another and to central canal of spinal cord – Lateral ventricles third ventricle via interventricular foramen – Third ventricle fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct ...
... Ventricles of the Brain • Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) • Lined by ependymal cells • Connected to one another and to central canal of spinal cord – Lateral ventricles third ventricle via interventricular foramen – Third ventricle fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct ...
The endogenously active brain - William Bechtel
... were correlated with specific neuronal activity. The activity of these neurons was then viewed as representing the correlated features of the visual stimulus, and researchers hypothesized operations through which ...
... were correlated with specific neuronal activity. The activity of these neurons was then viewed as representing the correlated features of the visual stimulus, and researchers hypothesized operations through which ...
Malformations - Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge
... The inferior vermis and part of the medulla oblongata protrude into the foramen magnum (thick arrow) The tectal plate is abnormally flatenned and covers the upper vermis (thin arrow): beak-like deformity of the corpora quadrigemina A large hydrocephalus further increases pressure to the posterior fo ...
... The inferior vermis and part of the medulla oblongata protrude into the foramen magnum (thick arrow) The tectal plate is abnormally flatenned and covers the upper vermis (thin arrow): beak-like deformity of the corpora quadrigemina A large hydrocephalus further increases pressure to the posterior fo ...
The Nervous System - Blackwell Publishing
... are glial cells, which fall into several different classes, each with its own function. There are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (in the central nervous system), microglia and ependymal cells. (The word ending -cyte means ‘cell’.) Glial cells were once thought of as the structural glue (that is what g ...
... are glial cells, which fall into several different classes, each with its own function. There are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (in the central nervous system), microglia and ependymal cells. (The word ending -cyte means ‘cell’.) Glial cells were once thought of as the structural glue (that is what g ...
Chapter 13a - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Extends into medulla oblongata • Becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord • Connects with third ventricle: • via narrow canal in mesencephalon • aqueduct of midbrain ...
... • Extends into medulla oblongata • Becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord • Connects with third ventricle: • via narrow canal in mesencephalon • aqueduct of midbrain ...
Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin
... It must be pointed out that, from a view of the balance between local neuronal assemblies activities and global integrative processes upon which normal brain functions is primarily dependent [18], these researches mentioned above are all characterized with separately or isolatedly focusing on the ef ...
... It must be pointed out that, from a view of the balance between local neuronal assemblies activities and global integrative processes upon which normal brain functions is primarily dependent [18], these researches mentioned above are all characterized with separately or isolatedly focusing on the ef ...
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive
... Pulvermüller 2002). Cell assemblies are sets of nerve cells that are “. . . more strongly connected to each other than to other neurons” (Braitenberg 1978).6 The neuron members of a cell assembly do not need to be located in a small part of the brain, for example a hypercolumn, but can be spread out ...
... Pulvermüller 2002). Cell assemblies are sets of nerve cells that are “. . . more strongly connected to each other than to other neurons” (Braitenberg 1978).6 The neuron members of a cell assembly do not need to be located in a small part of the brain, for example a hypercolumn, but can be spread out ...
17-1 Chapter 17 ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE CEREBRAL
... system is given this name because the various parts are organized into rings of interconnected structures. The major parts of the limbic system are as follows: (1) structures of the temporal lobe of the cortex: the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal cortex; (2) other cortical structures: the ...
... system is given this name because the various parts are organized into rings of interconnected structures. The major parts of the limbic system are as follows: (1) structures of the temporal lobe of the cortex: the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal cortex; (2) other cortical structures: the ...
AIP
... area showed that the anterograde and retrograde labelings in the agranular frontal cortex was almost completely confined to F5 and, therefore, the anatomical linkage between these two areas is highly selective and reciprocal. In addition, the differential distribution of the labeling observed in the ...
... area showed that the anterograde and retrograde labelings in the agranular frontal cortex was almost completely confined to F5 and, therefore, the anatomical linkage between these two areas is highly selective and reciprocal. In addition, the differential distribution of the labeling observed in the ...
Kandel chs. 17, 18 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
... neurons, which receive the modified pulse from the primary afferent areas and associate initially similar information through large lateral connection; the tertiary area (or association area) is formed by small granular and pyramidal neurons without specific modal organization and there is an overla ...
16_QuizShowQuestions
... a. The process of reflex development proceeds extremely fast, as billions of neurons establish trillions of synaptic connections. b. Motor commands may be given to specific motor neurons directly, or they may be given indirectly by altering the activity of a reflex control center. c. At birth, the c ...
... a. The process of reflex development proceeds extremely fast, as billions of neurons establish trillions of synaptic connections. b. Motor commands may be given to specific motor neurons directly, or they may be given indirectly by altering the activity of a reflex control center. c. At birth, the c ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.