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Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation
Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation

... the skull, would be used for neural signal-processing tasks. To significantly reduce the risk of infection and damage to the cortex, multi-channel wireless technology would transmit neural signals to a small, wearable processing unit. Such a unit would run multiple real-time computational models des ...
Exam 5 Study Guide-sp2016
Exam 5 Study Guide-sp2016

... Understand how the makeup of the spinal cord changes from the superior to inferior ends. Understand what makes white and gray matter. Identify the meninges within the spinal cord and identify the epidural space on a diagram or on a model. Identify rootlets and roots. Distinguish the function of ante ...
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements

... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
The Biology
The Biology

... medulla and the pons that serve to alert other parts of the brain to activity. The central core also includes the [d] _______________, which transmits sensory information, and the [e] _______________, which maintains homeostasis of the body’s environment. The hypothalamus also plays a role in basic ...
Cortical sensorimotor alterations classify clinical phenotype and
Cortical sensorimotor alterations classify clinical phenotype and

... is a task-specific isolated focal dystonia of unknown causes and pathophysiology. Although functional and structural abnormalities have been described in this disorder, the influence of its different clinical phenotypes and genotypes remains scant, making it difficult to explain SD pathophysiology and to ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... the understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system, and to the understanding of biological, psychological and social factors that influence learning and memory. Use these tables as checklists when revising. Tick off each dot point when you are satisfied that you have thoroughly co ...
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex

... that, when monkeys respond to nonspatial features of a discriminative stimulus (e.g., color) and the stimulus appears at a place unrelated to the movement target, neurons nevertheless encode stimulus location. This observation could support the idea that these neurons always encode stimulus location ...
22. May 2014 Examination NEVR2010 There are two types
22. May 2014 Examination NEVR2010 There are two types

... 13. What is the name of the enzyme converting glutamate to GABA? (1) 14. How is glutamate removed from the synaptic cleft? (2) 15. What is a mental mechanism according to Bechtel? How does such a mechanism differ from other biological mechanisms? (3) 16. Can research into the brain show that we do n ...
Drug-drug interactions in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a
Drug-drug interactions in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a

... by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues separated by 13 amino acid residues (Figure 6). Neurotransmitter binding sites are located at two or more extracellular interfaces and in the case of GABA A Rs, the endogenous ligand binds between the α and β subunits. There are nine different recept ...
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Document

... Gustatory Cortex is located in the insula ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
How Does the Brain Develop?

... egg. It is made of several sheets of cells with a raised area in the middle, as shown in Figure 7-5. The raised area is called the primitive body. By 3 weeks after conception, there is primitive neural tissue, known as the neural plate, which is part of the outermost layer of embryonic cells. The ne ...
presentation source
presentation source

... – consider the role of gonadal steroids in altering the morphology of neurons within the hippocampus, and possible differences that exist between males and females in learning and memory; we will also consider the role of adrenal hormones on the process of learning and memory, and the link between e ...
The nervous tissue is made up of
The nervous tissue is made up of

... The anterior spinal artery is derived by the union of the anterior spinal artery from each vertebral artery. It runs in a midline groove (Ventral median fissure) on the ventral aspect of the spinal cord. Each posterior spinal artery is a branch the vertebral artery or the posterior inferior cerebell ...
The Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for Estrogen Effects in
The Molecular and Neuroanatomical Basis for Estrogen Effects in

Three approaches to investigating functional compromise to the
Three approaches to investigating functional compromise to the

... compromise to white matter. Recent research suggests that RS-fcMRI may be useful in studying TBI as well, particularly given that this population tends to have compromised anatomical/structural connections (Marquez de la Plata et al. 2011; Mayer et al. 2011; Hillary et al. 2011; Sharp et al. 2011). ...
Although people with the movies, narcolepsy
Although people with the movies, narcolepsy

... When you try to relax or "turn off" your muscles, you are actually trying to "turn on" this brain region. Based on Magoun's findings, we wondered whether unusual activity in the medial medulla might be responsible for the cataplectic episodes experienced by narcoleptics. In 1991 we found that this w ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways

... nicotinic blockade does not alter the effectiveness of rewarding MFB stimulation in non-drugged animals. An attractive but unproven and counter-intuitive alternative to the Yeomans hypothesis is that the first-stage cholinergic contribution to MFB self-stimulation involves the rostrally projecting c ...
Somatic Sensations: General Organization
Somatic Sensations: General Organization

...  Dorsal column has better temporal and spatial faithfulness (i.e speed of transmission 30-120 m/sec compared to 8-40 m/sec for the anterolatetral)  Dorsal column has better intensity gradation ( more than 100 compared to less than 20 for anterolateral)  Repetitive stimuli are only confine to dors ...
States of Consciousness Ch. 5
States of Consciousness Ch. 5

... awareness of self and thoughts about one’s experiences – global brain workspace – a collection of neurons from a variety of brain areas working in parallel that include prefrontal cortex (the front-most part of the brain) and the anterior cingulate ...
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse

... (MRI) study suggested that a greater perception of growth as a primary element of their psychological well-being is associated with increased insular volume [10]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has used functional MRI (fMRI) techniques to characterize the functional correlates of PT ...
The Central Visual System
The Central Visual System

... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
Making Sense Of Human Pheromones: Receptors, Physiology, and
Making Sense Of Human Pheromones: Receptors, Physiology, and

... with each other, which produces a specific reaction in the receptive animals. Many pheromones are divided by their functions, particularly how they induce the receptive animals to react to the chemosensory stimulation. In animal sexual pheromones, both sexes release pheromones that advertise their s ...
EEG - OCIBME
EEG - OCIBME

... How accurately is it possible to know the thoughts in the brain from the EEG signals? The ECG is described as a vector field? Why not the EEG? What is the frequency content of EEG signals? Is this lower of higher than ECG / EMG? Why do EEG signals not appear to be stochastic noise ...
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing

... changes. People whose ability to respond to language has been damaged can pick up on nonverbal cues better. There are changes in the brain that influence emotion. Neurotransmitters fire from one nerve synapse to the next in neural connections. Hormones like cortisol can be released into the bloodstr ...
Not all brains are created equal: The relevance of
Not all brains are created equal: The relevance of

... experimenter. Besides other confounding factors in tES research that we will discuss later, this interaction could explain the observed individual differences in experimental outcomes and the large variability in the current literature. So far, researchers have mainly been concerned with extreme abn ...
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Aging brain

Age is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. While much research has focused on diseases of aging, there are few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain (usually spelled ageing brain in British English) in the absence of neurodegenerative disease or the neuropsychological profile of healthy older adults. However, research does suggest that the aging process is associated with several structural, chemical, and functional changes in the brain as well as a host of neurocognitive changes. Recent reports in model organisms suggest that as organisms age, there are distinct changes in the expression of genes at the single neuron level. This page is devoted to reviewing the changes associated with healthy aging.
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