Accurate and Comprehensive Mapping of Multi-omic Data
... multiple pathway databases Pathways from multiple sources contain complementary information and together are able to provide a more comprehensive picture of biological processes. The ability to map the same entity with different identifiers through Agilent-BridgeDB enables powerful analysis of pathw ...
... multiple pathway databases Pathways from multiple sources contain complementary information and together are able to provide a more comprehensive picture of biological processes. The ability to map the same entity with different identifiers through Agilent-BridgeDB enables powerful analysis of pathw ...
Robustness
... against changes in underlying working conditions toxic conditions, mutations, environment changes,… compared to variance of other states to the same changes. ...
... against changes in underlying working conditions toxic conditions, mutations, environment changes,… compared to variance of other states to the same changes. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... rounds of proliferation. Cycles of proliferation are followed by cellular differentiation [indicated via upregulation of myogenin (MyoG)], fusion, and growth and maturation to form mature myofibers. A small population of proliferating SCs (probably the SC stem cell population) exit the cell cycle ea ...
... rounds of proliferation. Cycles of proliferation are followed by cellular differentiation [indicated via upregulation of myogenin (MyoG)], fusion, and growth and maturation to form mature myofibers. A small population of proliferating SCs (probably the SC stem cell population) exit the cell cycle ea ...
Introduction
... performed a functional analysis of chemical systems in vivo using a logical circuit equivalent [25] [26]. He discussed the idea of a molecular automaton, the molecular biological interpretation of the self-reproducing automata theory, and the chemico-physical interpretation of information in biologi ...
... performed a functional analysis of chemical systems in vivo using a logical circuit equivalent [25] [26]. He discussed the idea of a molecular automaton, the molecular biological interpretation of the self-reproducing automata theory, and the chemico-physical interpretation of information in biologi ...
An acyltransferase-like gene obtained by differential gene
... consistent with a report that QAs are synthesized in the shoot tissues of L. angustifolius (Lee et al. 2007). A genomic PCR was performed by using the genomic DNA extracted from young leaves of both bitter and sweet cultivars of L. angustifolius (Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit). Genomic PCR was carrie ...
... consistent with a report that QAs are synthesized in the shoot tissues of L. angustifolius (Lee et al. 2007). A genomic PCR was performed by using the genomic DNA extracted from young leaves of both bitter and sweet cultivars of L. angustifolius (Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit). Genomic PCR was carrie ...
Amino acid sequence homology in gag region of reverse
... Moloney murlne leukemia virus (MoMLV) [9], there is one copy of NBPcys whilst In others, for example Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) [10], the sequence is duplicated in tandem. Because NBPcys is so highly conserved in both sequence and positional terms, I undertook a search for, and comparison of, this dom ...
... Moloney murlne leukemia virus (MoMLV) [9], there is one copy of NBPcys whilst In others, for example Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) [10], the sequence is duplicated in tandem. Because NBPcys is so highly conserved in both sequence and positional terms, I undertook a search for, and comparison of, this dom ...
Differential expression of six genes in fat
... pared to other breeds (Holló et al., 2009; Koncz et al., 2014). Furthermore, BFT is positively correlated with IMF content in pigs (Jacyno et al., 2015), and greatest BFT was measured in the MAN group (Table 1). A-FABP was found to be upregulated in a selected highfat line of Duroc pigs when compare ...
... pared to other breeds (Holló et al., 2009; Koncz et al., 2014). Furthermore, BFT is positively correlated with IMF content in pigs (Jacyno et al., 2015), and greatest BFT was measured in the MAN group (Table 1). A-FABP was found to be upregulated in a selected highfat line of Duroc pigs when compare ...
Figure S2 - Development
... ORF, and containing 3 bcd mRNA localization signals, during Drosophila oogenesis. Signals for anterior mRNA localization remain functional in this hybrid gene (data not shown). Embryos from females carrying one copy of the bcd-boz transgene express a dominant phenotype resembling that of bcd null m ...
... ORF, and containing 3 bcd mRNA localization signals, during Drosophila oogenesis. Signals for anterior mRNA localization remain functional in this hybrid gene (data not shown). Embryos from females carrying one copy of the bcd-boz transgene express a dominant phenotype resembling that of bcd null m ...
Retrovi ruses and the study of cell lineage
... them versatile and powerful tools in the study of development. Their principal advantages stem from the fact that they are a naturally evolved system for transferring genes into cells of a host animal (Fig. 1). As a consequence, this transfer is highly efficient (unlike most artificial means) and al ...
... them versatile and powerful tools in the study of development. Their principal advantages stem from the fact that they are a naturally evolved system for transferring genes into cells of a host animal (Fig. 1). As a consequence, this transfer is highly efficient (unlike most artificial means) and al ...
A Drosophila Third Chromosome Minute Locus Encodes
... M i n u t e s are non-additive in their phenotypic effect, i. e., the phenotype of a M I / + ; M 2 / + fly is not more extreme than the phenotypeof any ofthe single mutants. He concluded that the genes code for proteins with similar function (s) . The non-additive property of this type of mutations ...
... M i n u t e s are non-additive in their phenotypic effect, i. e., the phenotype of a M I / + ; M 2 / + fly is not more extreme than the phenotypeof any ofthe single mutants. He concluded that the genes code for proteins with similar function (s) . The non-additive property of this type of mutations ...
Systemic Organ Wasting Induced by Localized Expression of the
... flies (Figures 2C and 2D). Moreover, the activities of the two ratelimiting glycolytic enzymes Hexokinase (Hex-A and Hex-C) and Phosphofructokinase (Pfk) are reduced by approximately 30% in esgts>ykiact muscle (Figure 2E). Accordingly, ATP levels in muscles were significantly decreased in esgts>ykia ...
... flies (Figures 2C and 2D). Moreover, the activities of the two ratelimiting glycolytic enzymes Hexokinase (Hex-A and Hex-C) and Phosphofructokinase (Pfk) are reduced by approximately 30% in esgts>ykiact muscle (Figure 2E). Accordingly, ATP levels in muscles were significantly decreased in esgts>ykia ...
Progress in plant metabolic engineering
... Teresa Capell and Paul Christou Over the past few years, there has been a growing realization that metabolic pathways must be studied in the context of the whole cell rather than at the single pathway level, and that even the simplest modifications can send ripples throughout the entire system. Att ...
... Teresa Capell and Paul Christou Over the past few years, there has been a growing realization that metabolic pathways must be studied in the context of the whole cell rather than at the single pathway level, and that even the simplest modifications can send ripples throughout the entire system. Att ...
Cell Biology Part II Notes
... In pinocytosis, the cell “gulps” droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles. It is not the fluid itself that is needed by the cell, but the molecules dissolved in the droplets. Because any and all included solutes are taken into the cell, pinocytosis is nonspecific in the substances ...
... In pinocytosis, the cell “gulps” droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles. It is not the fluid itself that is needed by the cell, but the molecules dissolved in the droplets. Because any and all included solutes are taken into the cell, pinocytosis is nonspecific in the substances ...
Document
... Future prospects Sustained dilivery Issues in drug delivery are becoming more important ...
... Future prospects Sustained dilivery Issues in drug delivery are becoming more important ...
protein synthesis overview
... EUKARYOTES MAY NOT BE CONTINUOUS SEQUENCES • INTRONS = NONCODING SEQUENCES IN DNA THAT INTERVENE BETWEEN CODING SEQUENCES; ARE TRANSCRIBED BUT NOT TRANSLATED • EXONS = CODING SEQUENCES OF A GENE THAT ARE TRANSCRIBED AND ...
... EUKARYOTES MAY NOT BE CONTINUOUS SEQUENCES • INTRONS = NONCODING SEQUENCES IN DNA THAT INTERVENE BETWEEN CODING SEQUENCES; ARE TRANSCRIBED BUT NOT TRANSLATED • EXONS = CODING SEQUENCES OF A GENE THAT ARE TRANSCRIBED AND ...
msb145697-sup-0001-Supp_Info
... Figure S5. Estimation of coverage of total protein mass by mass spectrometry. To estimate the fraction of total protein mass covered by mass spectrometry, we rely on two pieces of information: 1) the highly non-uniform distribution of individual protein mass as given by the method of spectral count ...
... Figure S5. Estimation of coverage of total protein mass by mass spectrometry. To estimate the fraction of total protein mass covered by mass spectrometry, we rely on two pieces of information: 1) the highly non-uniform distribution of individual protein mass as given by the method of spectral count ...
Cells in culture.
... A cell passing through the laser beam is monitored for fluorescence. Droplets containing single cells are given a negative or positive charge, depending on whether the cell is fluorescent or not. The droplets are then deflected by an electric field into collection tubes according to their charge. No ...
... A cell passing through the laser beam is monitored for fluorescence. Droplets containing single cells are given a negative or positive charge, depending on whether the cell is fluorescent or not. The droplets are then deflected by an electric field into collection tubes according to their charge. No ...
Cytoplasmic RNA improves accuracy of mRNA
... 1 and 2 show results with modifications and samples 3 and 4 without modifications. C) qrtPCR showing higher retrieval of mature transcripts when modifications are added to the original Norgen protocol. The relative fold difference between exon expression and intron expression was measured in cytopla ...
... 1 and 2 show results with modifications and samples 3 and 4 without modifications. C) qrtPCR showing higher retrieval of mature transcripts when modifications are added to the original Norgen protocol. The relative fold difference between exon expression and intron expression was measured in cytopla ...
Gene sequencing Terms
... • The term "wild type" allele is sometimes used to describe an allele that is thought to contribute to the typical phenotypic character as seen in "wild" populations of organisms. • Such a "wild type" allele was historically regarded as dominant, common, and "normal", in contrast to "mutant" alleles ...
... • The term "wild type" allele is sometimes used to describe an allele that is thought to contribute to the typical phenotypic character as seen in "wild" populations of organisms. • Such a "wild type" allele was historically regarded as dominant, common, and "normal", in contrast to "mutant" alleles ...
Powerpoint slides
... Birth/death process for active RPGs Regular updates: Genes selected at random from genome Spliced sequence computed Added to mobile element/RPG sequence library ...
... Birth/death process for active RPGs Regular updates: Genes selected at random from genome Spliced sequence computed Added to mobile element/RPG sequence library ...
Role of the ubiquitinselective CDC48UFD1/NPL4 chaperone
... of OLE1 was found to be regulated by UFAs both at the level of transcription and mRNA decay (Choi et al., 1996; Gonzalez and Martin, 1996; Hoppe et al., 2000). Based on these ®ndings, we hypothesized that ef®cient regulation by gene expression requires a short-lived gene product. Indeed, we have sho ...
... of OLE1 was found to be regulated by UFAs both at the level of transcription and mRNA decay (Choi et al., 1996; Gonzalez and Martin, 1996; Hoppe et al., 2000). Based on these ®ndings, we hypothesized that ef®cient regulation by gene expression requires a short-lived gene product. Indeed, we have sho ...
Polyclonal Antibody to PUMA alpha/beta (C-term
... A novel p53 inducible pro-apoptotic gene was identified recently and designated PUMA (for p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) in human and mouse. The PUMA gene encodes two BH3 domain-containing proteins termed PUMA-alpha and PUMA-beta. PUMA proteins bind Bcl-2, localize to the mitochondria, and ...
... A novel p53 inducible pro-apoptotic gene was identified recently and designated PUMA (for p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) in human and mouse. The PUMA gene encodes two BH3 domain-containing proteins termed PUMA-alpha and PUMA-beta. PUMA proteins bind Bcl-2, localize to the mitochondria, and ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.