Sample Posters
... NIH estimates that 23 million Americans have diabetes, and 6.2 million are undiagnosed. If untreated, diabetes can cause complications, including heart disease and neuropathy. Type II diabetes patients cannot regulate glucose due to insulin resistance or deficiency. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays a ...
... NIH estimates that 23 million Americans have diabetes, and 6.2 million are undiagnosed. If untreated, diabetes can cause complications, including heart disease and neuropathy. Type II diabetes patients cannot regulate glucose due to insulin resistance or deficiency. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays a ...
vectors
... The filamentous virion [reviewed by (Webster, 2001)] consists of a stretched-out loop of singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) sheathed in a tube composed of several thousand copies of the major coat protein pVIII (product of gene VIII); this protein bears the foreign amino acids in some phage display vectors. ...
... The filamentous virion [reviewed by (Webster, 2001)] consists of a stretched-out loop of singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) sheathed in a tube composed of several thousand copies of the major coat protein pVIII (product of gene VIII); this protein bears the foreign amino acids in some phage display vectors. ...
Dynamic software infrastructures for the life sciences Swertz
... GENES, ALLELES, GENE EXPRESSION AND GENOMICS Genes are discrete units on the DNA that code for proteins. This involves specific sequences to switch on a process called gene expression which transcribes the DNA into MRNA and then translates it into PROTEINS (see below) The complete set of genes as sc ...
... GENES, ALLELES, GENE EXPRESSION AND GENOMICS Genes are discrete units on the DNA that code for proteins. This involves specific sequences to switch on a process called gene expression which transcribes the DNA into MRNA and then translates it into PROTEINS (see below) The complete set of genes as sc ...
Text S1.
... 0.997 then score = max(GC-RMA(0P vs MP), GC-RMA(0P vs MP)), otherwise score = 0. In this model, p(A versus B) refers to the GCOS/MAS5-computed change p-value for the respective probe set when comparing arrays A and B. GC-RMA(A vs B) is the ratio, on a log2 scale, between the GC-RMA-computed [10] abs ...
... 0.997 then score = max(GC-RMA(0P vs MP), GC-RMA(0P vs MP)), otherwise score = 0. In this model, p(A versus B) refers to the GCOS/MAS5-computed change p-value for the respective probe set when comparing arrays A and B. GC-RMA(A vs B) is the ratio, on a log2 scale, between the GC-RMA-computed [10] abs ...
The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
... has shown that reducing oxidative damage can result in a longer lifespan in certain organisms such as yeast, worms, and fruit ies. Conversely, increasing oxidative damage can shorten the lifespan of mice and worms. Interestingly, a manipulation called calorie-restriction (moderately restricting the ...
... has shown that reducing oxidative damage can result in a longer lifespan in certain organisms such as yeast, worms, and fruit ies. Conversely, increasing oxidative damage can shorten the lifespan of mice and worms. Interestingly, a manipulation called calorie-restriction (moderately restricting the ...
New COMPARTMENT ORGANIZATION
... • The cell is the smallest functional unit of living organisms and tissues. • One universal feature of all cells is the plasma or cell membrane or plasma lemma. • The plasma membrane forms the external boundary of the cell, and serves as the interface between the machinery in the interior of the ce ...
... • The cell is the smallest functional unit of living organisms and tissues. • One universal feature of all cells is the plasma or cell membrane or plasma lemma. • The plasma membrane forms the external boundary of the cell, and serves as the interface between the machinery in the interior of the ce ...
Studying the pathogenesis of renal disease in cystinosis
... membrane transport • Competition experiments in isolated lysosomes predicted ~20 lysosomal transporters (Pisoni, Thoene 1991) • Analogous to cystinosin: functional assays of lysosomal membrane proteins (genotype-phenotype correlations in ...
... membrane transport • Competition experiments in isolated lysosomes predicted ~20 lysosomal transporters (Pisoni, Thoene 1991) • Analogous to cystinosin: functional assays of lysosomal membrane proteins (genotype-phenotype correlations in ...
Supporting information Highly sensitive and specific protein
... nM in PLA buffer (1 mM D-biotin (B1595, ThermoFisher Scientific), 0.1% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 100 nM goat IgG (I5256, Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 μg/μl salmon sperm DNA (15632-011, ThermoFisher Scientific), 5 mM EDTA in PBS) and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. The antibody-DNA conjugates were then mi ...
... nM in PLA buffer (1 mM D-biotin (B1595, ThermoFisher Scientific), 0.1% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 100 nM goat IgG (I5256, Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 μg/μl salmon sperm DNA (15632-011, ThermoFisher Scientific), 5 mM EDTA in PBS) and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. The antibody-DNA conjugates were then mi ...
Antibodies for Unfolded Protein Response
... (XBP1-S, the spliced form) which positively regulates ER chaperones, as well as genes coding for the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway and lipid metabolism. Through XBP1-independent pathways, IRE1 binds to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and induces J ...
... (XBP1-S, the spliced form) which positively regulates ER chaperones, as well as genes coding for the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway and lipid metabolism. Through XBP1-independent pathways, IRE1 binds to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and induces J ...
CentralDogmaKeys for Disease Wkstsv2
... Polypeptide: N- Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser -C The mutation in Amy’s nucleotide sequence does not affect the hemoglobin protein structure because the mutation is silent ...
... Polypeptide: N- Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser -C The mutation in Amy’s nucleotide sequence does not affect the hemoglobin protein structure because the mutation is silent ...
A Discovery Laboratory Investigating Bacterial Gene Regulation
... The repressor of the lactose operon is coded for by the lac I gene. The repressor binds to the operator area, O, and blocks the attachment of the RNA polymerase to the promoter site, P. RNA polymerase must attach to the promoter site and move through the operator site if the lactose operon is to be ...
... The repressor of the lactose operon is coded for by the lac I gene. The repressor binds to the operator area, O, and blocks the attachment of the RNA polymerase to the promoter site, P. RNA polymerase must attach to the promoter site and move through the operator site if the lactose operon is to be ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... (great variety, each with a different function). 3. The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making one kind of protein is called a gene. 4. All of the DNA in a cell constitutes the genome. a. Over the last decade, researchers have deciphered most of the human genome ( ...
... (great variety, each with a different function). 3. The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making one kind of protein is called a gene. 4. All of the DNA in a cell constitutes the genome. a. Over the last decade, researchers have deciphered most of the human genome ( ...
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
... The hexose monophosphate pathway has several names just to confuse you. It’s called the hexose monophosphate shunt or pathway (HMP shunt or pathway), or the pentose phosphate pathway, or the phosphogluconate pathway (Fig. 15-1). The pathway in its full form is complicated and has complicated stoichi ...
... The hexose monophosphate pathway has several names just to confuse you. It’s called the hexose monophosphate shunt or pathway (HMP shunt or pathway), or the pentose phosphate pathway, or the phosphogluconate pathway (Fig. 15-1). The pathway in its full form is complicated and has complicated stoichi ...
PowerPoint Presentation - AGRI-MIS
... phenolics acetosyringone coniferyl alcohol from wound For production of amino acid derivatives : opine octopine and nopaline ...
... phenolics acetosyringone coniferyl alcohol from wound For production of amino acid derivatives : opine octopine and nopaline ...
Biotechnology
... different sources, often two species, are combined in vitro into the same DNA molecule • Methods for making recombinant DNA are central to genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes • DNA technology has revolutionized biotechnology, the manipulation of organisms or ...
... different sources, often two species, are combined in vitro into the same DNA molecule • Methods for making recombinant DNA are central to genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes • DNA technology has revolutionized biotechnology, the manipulation of organisms or ...
The alphabet soup of plant intracellular signalling: enter cyclic
... The first, and many would say the most important, ingredient of the intracellular signalling alphabet soup is calcium (Trewavas and Malhó, pp 428–433). Ca2+ ions act as a secondary signalling molecule widely in eucaryotes. In plants, Ca2+ has been implicated in intracellular signalling directly, or ...
... The first, and many would say the most important, ingredient of the intracellular signalling alphabet soup is calcium (Trewavas and Malhó, pp 428–433). Ca2+ ions act as a secondary signalling molecule widely in eucaryotes. In plants, Ca2+ has been implicated in intracellular signalling directly, or ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... When liver glycogen stores are deplenished, fats and proteins can be metabolized to generate ATP. All organic molecules enter CR at some point in the pathway. Stored fats are the greatest reserve fuel in the body. The metabolism of an 18-C lipid will yield 146 ATP by a process called Beta Oxidation, ...
... When liver glycogen stores are deplenished, fats and proteins can be metabolized to generate ATP. All organic molecules enter CR at some point in the pathway. Stored fats are the greatest reserve fuel in the body. The metabolism of an 18-C lipid will yield 146 ATP by a process called Beta Oxidation, ...
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene
... induce scalloped expression, when ectopically expressed (data not shown). It has been shown that a transgene lacking only the domain of dimerization with Sd produces a Vg product localised primarily in the cytoplasm.20 This indicates that dimerization is necessary for translocation to the nucleus. N ...
... induce scalloped expression, when ectopically expressed (data not shown). It has been shown that a transgene lacking only the domain of dimerization with Sd produces a Vg product localised primarily in the cytoplasm.20 This indicates that dimerization is necessary for translocation to the nucleus. N ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... 2004c) (Fig. S1). For example, the formation of aggregated mycelium seemed to be different in the DcpcR1 strains (data not shown). To better analyse the cellular morphology of these fungal strains during prolonged batch cultivation, light microscopic analyses were performed and growth curves were pr ...
... 2004c) (Fig. S1). For example, the formation of aggregated mycelium seemed to be different in the DcpcR1 strains (data not shown). To better analyse the cellular morphology of these fungal strains during prolonged batch cultivation, light microscopic analyses were performed and growth curves were pr ...
Microphthalmia gene test
... Breeding with sheep that may be carriers of mutant alleles This gene test allows breeders and ram-buyers to monitor whether their sheep are carriers of the mutant allele and therefore whether they might produce affected or blind lambs when mated to another carrier. It is effectively a management too ...
... Breeding with sheep that may be carriers of mutant alleles This gene test allows breeders and ram-buyers to monitor whether their sheep are carriers of the mutant allele and therefore whether they might produce affected or blind lambs when mated to another carrier. It is effectively a management too ...
Biological Pathways I
... •Metabolic pathways are irreversible. Biological systems are governed by thermodynamics! For a process to be spontaneous ∆G must be negative • Every metabolic pathway has a committed step. Usually the first irreversible step unique to a pathway. Usually an important site of regulation • Catabolic an ...
... •Metabolic pathways are irreversible. Biological systems are governed by thermodynamics! For a process to be spontaneous ∆G must be negative • Every metabolic pathway has a committed step. Usually the first irreversible step unique to a pathway. Usually an important site of regulation • Catabolic an ...
Biosynthesis of heme in mammals
... are both “housekeeping” and erythroid genes for aminolevulinate synthase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway and the next three genes have dual promoters allowing both erythroid-specific and non-erythroid regulation [2]. The remaining genes in the pathway have single promoters but nev ...
... are both “housekeeping” and erythroid genes for aminolevulinate synthase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway and the next three genes have dual promoters allowing both erythroid-specific and non-erythroid regulation [2]. The remaining genes in the pathway have single promoters but nev ...
Transcription Translation 2017 p2.notebook
... b. protect mRNA from attack from cellular enzymes c. help ribosome bind to mRNA 4. RNA Splicing: process where introns are removed and exons are adhered together a. intron: non coded regions b. exons: coding regions (will be translated) c. process is catalyzed by small RNA molecules an ...
... b. protect mRNA from attack from cellular enzymes c. help ribosome bind to mRNA 4. RNA Splicing: process where introns are removed and exons are adhered together a. intron: non coded regions b. exons: coding regions (will be translated) c. process is catalyzed by small RNA molecules an ...
Document
... the DNA is wound around small proteins called histones, which in turn are held tightly together in a compacted state by still other proteins. As long as the DNA is in this compacted state, it cannot function to form RNA. ...
... the DNA is wound around small proteins called histones, which in turn are held tightly together in a compacted state by still other proteins. As long as the DNA is in this compacted state, it cannot function to form RNA. ...
Reconstructing phylogenetic trees for protein superfamilies
... When each class, A, B and C appear equally similar to each other, the coarse branching order can be difficult to determine. In this case, it’s critical to be able to weight the subfamily-defining residues as more important when computing the distance between classes. ...
... When each class, A, B and C appear equally similar to each other, the coarse branching order can be difficult to determine. In this case, it’s critical to be able to weight the subfamily-defining residues as more important when computing the distance between classes. ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.