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Q - Crouzet
Q - Crouzet

... with inductive loads (motors, transformers, coils etc.). Zero crossing relays may also be used with inductive loads, but consideration must be given to the power factor of the load. If the load is too inductive, then the output of a ZC relay may half-wave. If this occurs, than a random-fire SSR shou ...
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... setting resistor and can operate with any supply voltage from VOUT + 0.9V to 20V. When the circuitry being regulated does not demand current, the LT6660s reduce their dissipation and battery life is extended. If the references are not delivering load current, they dissipate only several mW, yet the ...
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... A. Output VSWR is a measure of how much power is reflected back from the amplifier's output port when an external signal is applied to that port. VSWR varies from a theoretical value of 1:1 for a perfect match to greater than 20:1 for total mismatch. Since loads in practical applications vary with f ...
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... Note that A0f is defined here as a positive quantity so that the negative sign for the inverting gain is retained in the transfer function for Vo /Vi . Let the radian gain-bandwidth product of the inverting amplifier with feedback be denoted by ω x . It follows from Eqs. (14) and (15) that this is ...
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Standing wave ratio



In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave's amplitude at an antinode (maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line.The SWR is usually thought of in terms of the maximum and minimum AC voltages along the transmission line, thus called the voltage standing wave ratio or VSWR (sometimes pronounced ""viswar""). For example, the VSWR value 1.2:1 denotes an AC voltage due to standing waves along the transmission line reaching a peak value 1.2 times that of the minimum AC voltage along that line. The SWR can as well be defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude to minimum amplitude of the transmission line's currents, electric field strength, or the magnetic field strength. Neglecting transmission line loss, these ratios are identical.The power standing wave ratio (PSWR) is defined as the square of the VSWR, however this terminology has no physical relation to actual powers involved in transmission.The SWR can be measured with an instrument called an SWR meter. Since SWR is defined relative to the transmission line's characteristic impedance, the SWR meter must be constructed for that impedance; in practice most transmission lines used in these applications are coaxial cables with an impedance of either 50 or 75 ohms. Checking the SWR is a standard procedure in a radio station, for instance, to verify impedance matching of the antenna to the transmission line (and transmitter). Unlike connecting an impedance analyzer (or ""impedance bridge"") directly to the antenna (or other load), the SWR does not measure the actual impedance of the load, but quantifies the magnitude of the impedance mismatch just performing a measurement on the transmitter side of the transmission line.
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