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... Subsequently, the two ‘closest’ clusters are combined into a single cluster The similarity (distance) measure used is the average method – Distance between clusters is the average of the distances between the points in one cluster and those in the other cluster ...
blueprint_of_life_-_core_module_2_-_notes_ - HSC Guru
blueprint_of_life_-_core_module_2_-_notes_ - HSC Guru

... tRNA molecules occur in the cytoplasm. Each one is 75 nucleotides long and twisted into the shape of a clover leaf. On one end of the tRNA there are three unpaired bases called the anticodon, which attach the tRNA to its complementary bases on the mRNA strand. The other end of the tRNA is able to bi ...
1 MODULE: Protein-nucleic acid interactions MODULE NUMBER
1 MODULE: Protein-nucleic acid interactions MODULE NUMBER

... structural and genetic approaches have combined to increase our understanding at the molecular level of the interactions between these two species, and increasingly our understanding is being further enhanced by studies at the single-molecule level. This module surveys the main features of protein-n ...
The Main Features of the Craniate Mitochondrial
The Main Features of the Craniate Mitochondrial

... Some amino acids play important roles in the folding and function of proteins. These residues retain the exact same position among phylogenetically distant species. Considering the triplets coding for those amino acids, one can thus deduce the genetic code used by the four animals studied. Under thi ...
dna TRANSCRIPTION AND tRANSLATION
dna TRANSCRIPTION AND tRANSLATION

... or nucleobases, are the building blocks of DNA. While there are only 4 distinct nucleobases used to construct DNA, the human DNA is made up of a total of about 3 billion bases! The organization of these bases is what determines how things are made in the human body. The sequence of DNA within an ind ...
Solid Tumor
Solid Tumor

... enrichment. This chemistry enables detection of all fusions associated with the genes in this panel in a single sequencing assay, even without prior knowledge of fusion partners or breakpoints. ...
Transcription and Translation Made Easy
Transcription and Translation Made Easy

... What type of mutation has occurred if a single base has been replaced? point mutation Do all point mutations cause disruption to the protein? Explain your answer. No, because there may be several base combinations that create the same amino acid. When DNA is added or deleted, what happens to each of ...
The Molecule of Life: DNA
The Molecule of Life: DNA

... double helix: a twisted ladder Cells differentiate by turning on and off different genes. DNA is looped and folded so long stretches can be fit into a nucleus Inside the cell, DNA is found in the nucleus ...
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... c) The lin-44 gene is expressed (transcribed) specifically in the hyp8/9 and hyp11 cells. Does this information help explain the results in examples 2, 3, 4 and why? (10) 7.) The properties that a molecule needs to satisfy to be considered a morphogen are 1.) concentration dependent effects 2.) affe ...
poster - Olson Lab
poster - Olson Lab

... (Nottingham strain): a classical tapeworm model for research in the genomic era. Parasites and Vectors 3: 12 Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A, Duran C, Field M, Heled J, Kearse M, Markowitz S, Moir R, Stones-Havas S, Sturrock S, Thierer T, Wilson A (2012) Geneious v5.6, Available ...
Functional dissection of the baculovirus late expression factor
Functional dissection of the baculovirus late expression factor

... pHSEpiHislef8 (Rapp et al., 1998), was used as a template to make all of the mutations within lef-8. Although lef-8 has a dual tag at its N terminus, its activity is equivalent to that of the native lef-8 in transient gene expression assays (Rapp et al., 1998; data not shown) and this tagged version ...
Biol 311 - Department of Biological Sciences
Biol 311 - Department of Biological Sciences

... information is passed on in eukaryotes and prokaryotes  How is genetic information passed between bacterial cells?  How is the F factor transferred from one bacterial cell to another.  How are Hfr strains generated in bacteria.  How can interrupted mating be used to map genes on a bacterial chro ...
apbio ch 17 study guide
apbio ch 17 study guide

... o One of these amino acids, pyrrolysine, is found only in archaea. The other, selenocysteine, is a component of some bacterial and even human enzymes. The evolutionary significance of the near universality of the genetic code is clear: A language shared by all living things arose very early in the h ...
Translation - Net Start Class
Translation - Net Start Class

... If the DNA molecule has the base adenine, the RNA molecule will have the base uracil. If the DNA molecule has the base thymine, the RNA molecule will have the base adenine. If the DNA molecule has the base cytosine, the RNA molecule will have the base guanine. If the DNA molecule has the base guanin ...
Molecular Cell Biology
Molecular Cell Biology

... Different types of RNA exhibit various conformations related their functions AUCG: CG has 3 H-bond Most RNA are single strand Various RNA → carry out specific functions Eukaryotic cell, RNA self-splicing ...
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... If a donor DNA with a sequence that is intended to be incorporated in the cut site is used as a template, the cell will use the template DNA to do homologous recombination (as the donor DNA will have left and right flanking homologous DNA sequence) resulting in the replacement of the cut DNA with th ...
Gene Regulation Notes
Gene Regulation Notes

... A. occurs in response to the environment II. In eukaryotes A. occurs in response to the environment and for cell specialization B. when does regulation occur? 1. transcription-which genes get transcribed and when? 2. mRNA processing-addition of a 5’ cap, 3’ poly-A tail and removal of introns a. RNA ...
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Chapter 12

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Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

... – The strands are complimentary. – If you only had one strand, you could figure out the base sequence to the other side. • Practice: Construct the complimentary strand to the following base sequence: ...
Gene Expression Analysis by SAGE and MPSS
Gene Expression Analysis by SAGE and MPSS

... •The cDNA is again digested by the AE, breaking the linker off right where it was added in the beginning. This leaves a “sticky” end with the sequence GTAC (or CATG on the other strand) at each end of the ditag. ...
Transposon insertion frequency distinguishes essential from non
Transposon insertion frequency distinguishes essential from non

... via growth assays (~300 metabolic and stress conditions) ...
principles of gene control
principles of gene control

... F.Jacob and J.Monod publish “Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of proteins.” A paper in which the theory of the operon is developed. They proposed their now-classical operon model in1961. The core of the model was that the level of proteins in cells was controlled at a genetic level. Th ...
Study opening new route for combating viruses wins
Study opening new route for combating viruses wins

... MicroRNA genes are a class of very tiny genes found in a variety of organisms. First discovered in 1993 and at the time considered relatively unimportant, they are now recognized as major players in diverse biological processes. MicroRNAs are important regulators of protein production. Proteins, the ...
Big Biology meets Obvious
Big Biology meets Obvious

... Genomics group founded in 1998 to begin providing large-scale DNA sequencing services ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... facilitates the secretion of protein through cell membranes and external environment. • Other sequence that protect the recombinant protein from proteolytic degradation, and provide a affinity tag is also used. • These extra amino acid sequences are equipped with a protease cleavage site so that the ...
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Promoter (genetics)



In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
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