Structure and dynamics of the crenarchaeal nucleoid
... [1]. Besides folding the genome into a compact structure, chromatin proteins are involved in regulating essential cellular processes such as transcription, replication and repair. In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around histone octamers yielding nucleosomes [2], which are, with the aid of additional ch ...
... [1]. Besides folding the genome into a compact structure, chromatin proteins are involved in regulating essential cellular processes such as transcription, replication and repair. In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around histone octamers yielding nucleosomes [2], which are, with the aid of additional ch ...
Protein Structure - E-Learning
... dispersibility of a protein, this is termed “salting-in.” It occurs because charged groups on a protein bind the anions and cations of the salt solution more strongly than water. The ions, in turn, bind water; thus, the protein is dispersed in water more easily. Salting-in is important in food proce ...
... dispersibility of a protein, this is termed “salting-in.” It occurs because charged groups on a protein bind the anions and cations of the salt solution more strongly than water. The ions, in turn, bind water; thus, the protein is dispersed in water more easily. Salting-in is important in food proce ...
Seminars: Molecular and cellular biophysics WS04/05
... constitute these functional units and to establish the first-order connectivity. The dynamics of interactions within these protein machines can be assessed in living cells by the application of fluorescence spectroscopy on a microscopic level, using fluorescent proteins that are introduced within th ...
... constitute these functional units and to establish the first-order connectivity. The dynamics of interactions within these protein machines can be assessed in living cells by the application of fluorescence spectroscopy on a microscopic level, using fluorescent proteins that are introduced within th ...
Chapter 28 Regulation of Gene Expression
... Already talked about specificity factors in changer 26, but didn’t call them specificity factors at that time. Can you guess what they were? ó factors ó 70 (70,000 MW) most common - recognizes most promoters 6 other specificity factors One is ó 32(32,000 MW) promoters for genes related to heat shock ...
... Already talked about specificity factors in changer 26, but didn’t call them specificity factors at that time. Can you guess what they were? ó factors ó 70 (70,000 MW) most common - recognizes most promoters 6 other specificity factors One is ó 32(32,000 MW) promoters for genes related to heat shock ...
ppt
... Consequences of RNA infidelity • from a mutant gene may come transient function, leakiness • from a wild-type gene may come a transient function loss 1 erroneous mRNA --> 40 erroneous protein Non uniform distribution of erroneous proteins ...
... Consequences of RNA infidelity • from a mutant gene may come transient function, leakiness • from a wild-type gene may come a transient function loss 1 erroneous mRNA --> 40 erroneous protein Non uniform distribution of erroneous proteins ...
Protein Biosynthesis at Three Levels of Modifications
... regulated by protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases. 2. Protein kinases are regulated by inhibitory or activating protein partners, phosphorylation, cellular localization limiting availability of substrates and activators, protein degradation, and gene transcription. 3. Phosphorylation ...
... regulated by protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases. 2. Protein kinases are regulated by inhibitory or activating protein partners, phosphorylation, cellular localization limiting availability of substrates and activators, protein degradation, and gene transcription. 3. Phosphorylation ...
Chapter 15 - Dr. Jennifer Capers
... Eukaryotic Transcription Alternative splicing • Single primary transcript can be spliced into different mRNAs by the inclusion of different sets of exons • 15% of known human genetic disorders are due to altered splicing • 35 to 59% of human genes exhibit some form of alternative splicing • Explai ...
... Eukaryotic Transcription Alternative splicing • Single primary transcript can be spliced into different mRNAs by the inclusion of different sets of exons • 15% of known human genetic disorders are due to altered splicing • 35 to 59% of human genes exhibit some form of alternative splicing • Explai ...
Presentation453.12
... Alternatively, one could use an enzymatic procedure based on a DNA polymerase and 4 nucleotide analogues (ddN’s) that cause termination of chain elongation by a polymerase (Sanger) ...
... Alternatively, one could use an enzymatic procedure based on a DNA polymerase and 4 nucleotide analogues (ddN’s) that cause termination of chain elongation by a polymerase (Sanger) ...
Mutagenesis of human papillomavirus types 6 and 16 E7 open
... basis. The observed differences in the mobility of the HPV16 and -6 E7 fusion proteins correlate precisely with the differences observed following immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated HPV-16 and -6 E7 protein (Gage et al., 1990; Munger et al., 1989). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that ...
... basis. The observed differences in the mobility of the HPV16 and -6 E7 fusion proteins correlate precisely with the differences observed following immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated HPV-16 and -6 E7 protein (Gage et al., 1990; Munger et al., 1989). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that ...
Hans-Sigrist Stiftung.indd - The Hans Sigrist Foundation
... which are insoluble and harmful to cells, and can be formed when certain proteins lose their native, monomeric and soluble structures. Well-known examples of proteins that can form amyloid fibrils are the amyloid-peptide (A), which is associated with Alzheimer´s disease, and the prion protein that f ...
... which are insoluble and harmful to cells, and can be formed when certain proteins lose their native, monomeric and soluble structures. Well-known examples of proteins that can form amyloid fibrils are the amyloid-peptide (A), which is associated with Alzheimer´s disease, and the prion protein that f ...
Modes of Macromolecular Classification
... extent of a polypeptide’s flexibility. For one, tertiary structure depends very sensitively on folding order. While many proteins fold more or less spontaneously into their active forms (as a low-energy conformation), many require a delicate dance of helper proteins (playfully referred to as ‘chaper ...
... extent of a polypeptide’s flexibility. For one, tertiary structure depends very sensitively on folding order. While many proteins fold more or less spontaneously into their active forms (as a low-energy conformation), many require a delicate dance of helper proteins (playfully referred to as ‘chaper ...
What is the function of DNA?
... Top one, 3’ to 5’ U A C C C G U A U G RNA polymerase Exon is expressed as it is the coding region, intron is non-coding region – polypeptide is fragmented 5. From primary transcript Introns are removed and exons are spliced together to form mature mRNA 6. RNA splicing ...
... Top one, 3’ to 5’ U A C C C G U A U G RNA polymerase Exon is expressed as it is the coding region, intron is non-coding region – polypeptide is fragmented 5. From primary transcript Introns are removed and exons are spliced together to form mature mRNA 6. RNA splicing ...
Bioc 462a Lecture Notes
... nearly planar and there is no rotation about the peptide bond. As we shall see later, the planarity of these elements has important consequences for the three dimensional structure of proteins. ...
... nearly planar and there is no rotation about the peptide bond. As we shall see later, the planarity of these elements has important consequences for the three dimensional structure of proteins. ...
Document
... determined but it appears that they modulate gene expression in the host cell and that their activity is required for rapid growth and the ability to cause disease (virulence) ...
... determined but it appears that they modulate gene expression in the host cell and that their activity is required for rapid growth and the ability to cause disease (virulence) ...
talk_splicing - Columbia University
... Binding can be directly to the silenced splicing factor (U2F65, SF1, …). Splicing factors have been shown to bind mature mRNA in human cells (Carmo-Fonseca et. al, 2006). Alternatively, binding can be to some other factor which is affected by the silencing (secondary effect). Binding can induce both ...
... Binding can be directly to the silenced splicing factor (U2F65, SF1, …). Splicing factors have been shown to bind mature mRNA in human cells (Carmo-Fonseca et. al, 2006). Alternatively, binding can be to some other factor which is affected by the silencing (secondary effect). Binding can induce both ...
Proteins containing unusual amino acid sequences
... third-base mutation has resulted in a mixture of codons being used. However, a run of phenylalanines in a Plasmodium protein is all coded by TTT [23], and a run of Asp,, in a hypothetical cowpox virus protein are all coded by GAT [22]. The occurrence of long runs of amino acids and complex repetitiv ...
... third-base mutation has resulted in a mixture of codons being used. However, a run of phenylalanines in a Plasmodium protein is all coded by TTT [23], and a run of Asp,, in a hypothetical cowpox virus protein are all coded by GAT [22]. The occurrence of long runs of amino acids and complex repetitiv ...
Fundamentals of Protein Interaction Network Mapping
... In situ detection of PPIs in fixed cells And tissues ...
... In situ detection of PPIs in fixed cells And tissues ...
Caloric value
... 4. Contractile – movement (muscles) 5. Enzymatic – speed up chem. reactions (saliva) ...
... 4. Contractile – movement (muscles) 5. Enzymatic – speed up chem. reactions (saliva) ...
local alignments - LSU School of Medicine
... 2) Sequences above a certain threshold (< specified E-value) are included. Assumed to be related proteins. This group of sequences is used to define a “profile” that contains the sequence essence of the “family”. 3) Now with the important sequence positions highlighted, can look for more distantly r ...
... 2) Sequences above a certain threshold (< specified E-value) are included. Assumed to be related proteins. This group of sequences is used to define a “profile” that contains the sequence essence of the “family”. 3) Now with the important sequence positions highlighted, can look for more distantly r ...
Lecture 12
... A simplified representation of the folding pathway for a protein: •“U” is the unfolded or denatured state. •“F” is the folded or native state. •“I” “on‐pathway” are intermediate states. •Off‐pathway states include aggregates and other non‐native states that may be kinetic or thermodynamic “dead ...
... A simplified representation of the folding pathway for a protein: •“U” is the unfolded or denatured state. •“F” is the folded or native state. •“I” “on‐pathway” are intermediate states. •Off‐pathway states include aggregates and other non‐native states that may be kinetic or thermodynamic “dead ...
small intestine
... After entering the enterocytes, the lipids are taken up by smooth endoplasmatic reticulum to form new triglycerides. They aggregate into globules containing absorbed cholesterol, phospho-lipids in Golgi complex . These globules are called chylomicrons. The phospholipids are arranged in the globules ...
... After entering the enterocytes, the lipids are taken up by smooth endoplasmatic reticulum to form new triglycerides. They aggregate into globules containing absorbed cholesterol, phospho-lipids in Golgi complex . These globules are called chylomicrons. The phospholipids are arranged in the globules ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.