Health_3.3_NutritionQuiz
... 5) Skim milk is a good choice for protein, vitamin D and calcium. Which population would have the highest need for including milk in their diet? @ Teens have the highest need for milk in their diets since they are still growing. a. Adults *b. Teens c. Senior Citizens d. Doctors ...
... 5) Skim milk is a good choice for protein, vitamin D and calcium. Which population would have the highest need for including milk in their diet? @ Teens have the highest need for milk in their diets since they are still growing. a. Adults *b. Teens c. Senior Citizens d. Doctors ...
Control of Gene Expression Control of Gene Expression Regulatory
... • Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNAs to produce the mature mRNA that is translated. • Alternative splicing recognizes different splice sites in different tissue types. • The mature mRNAs in each tissue possess different exons, resulting in different polypeptide products from the same gene. ...
... • Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNAs to produce the mature mRNA that is translated. • Alternative splicing recognizes different splice sites in different tissue types. • The mature mRNAs in each tissue possess different exons, resulting in different polypeptide products from the same gene. ...
Lecture 10 - Columbus Labs
... nm long, there must be 40 nm gaps between adjacent tropocollagens (5x68 = 340 Angstroms) • 40 nm gaps are called "hole regions" - they contain carbohydrate and are thought to be nucleation sites for bone formation ...
... nm long, there must be 40 nm gaps between adjacent tropocollagens (5x68 = 340 Angstroms) • 40 nm gaps are called "hole regions" - they contain carbohydrate and are thought to be nucleation sites for bone formation ...
protein-protein interactions
... The sequence of protein X (a singledomain protein from genome 1) is used as a similarity search query on genome 2. This identifies any singledomain proteins related to protein X and also any multi-domain proteins, which we can define as protein X-Y. As part of the same protein, domain X and Y are li ...
... The sequence of protein X (a singledomain protein from genome 1) is used as a similarity search query on genome 2. This identifies any singledomain proteins related to protein X and also any multi-domain proteins, which we can define as protein X-Y. As part of the same protein, domain X and Y are li ...
Bio1A - Lec 19 slides File
... – They seem to facilitate the export of mRNA – They protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes – They help ribosomes attach to the 5 end ...
... – They seem to facilitate the export of mRNA – They protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes – They help ribosomes attach to the 5 end ...
Protein folding
... The eight-stranded /b barrel (TIM barrel, named after triose phosphate isomerase) is by far the most common tertiary fold. It is estimated that 10% of all known enzymes have this supersecondary structure. The members of this large family of proteins catalyze very different reactions. Currently, the ...
... The eight-stranded /b barrel (TIM barrel, named after triose phosphate isomerase) is by far the most common tertiary fold. It is estimated that 10% of all known enzymes have this supersecondary structure. The members of this large family of proteins catalyze very different reactions. Currently, the ...
Computer science
... Conserved Complexes and Pathways Many complexes and pathways are conserved – they have evolved over evolutionary time and occur, in modified forms, in many organisms. Our goal: using databases of protein-protein interactions in several species, in conjunction with data about protein sequence, struc ...
... Conserved Complexes and Pathways Many complexes and pathways are conserved – they have evolved over evolutionary time and occur, in modified forms, in many organisms. Our goal: using databases of protein-protein interactions in several species, in conjunction with data about protein sequence, struc ...
Protein Synthesis Notes
... mRNA into a sequence of Amino Acids (RNA→ Protein) - Occurs on the ribosome in the cytoplasm. - The tRNA has an anticodon (sequence of 3 bases) on one end and a corresponding amino acid on the other end. - The tRNA anticodon matches to a codon on the mRNA strand. - One codon (3 bases) codes for one ...
... mRNA into a sequence of Amino Acids (RNA→ Protein) - Occurs on the ribosome in the cytoplasm. - The tRNA has an anticodon (sequence of 3 bases) on one end and a corresponding amino acid on the other end. - The tRNA anticodon matches to a codon on the mRNA strand. - One codon (3 bases) codes for one ...
Secretory Protein mRNA Finds Another Way Out
... from DNA to mRNA to protein has been established for over 40 years now. After being transcribed from DNA, mRNA is processed: its introns are spliced out, a guanosine cap is added to one end, and a poly-adenosine tail is hooked onto the other. Then, provided it’s been processed, it is grabbed by a tr ...
... from DNA to mRNA to protein has been established for over 40 years now. After being transcribed from DNA, mRNA is processed: its introns are spliced out, a guanosine cap is added to one end, and a poly-adenosine tail is hooked onto the other. Then, provided it’s been processed, it is grabbed by a tr ...
Table of Contents
... Pauling and Corey showed that in small peptides, four atoms associated with the peptide bond all lie in a plane. Draw a dipeptide of two amino acids, indicate which four atoms are part of the planar structure of the peptide bond, indicate the bond that rotates to change the phi(f) and the psi(y) ang ...
... Pauling and Corey showed that in small peptides, four atoms associated with the peptide bond all lie in a plane. Draw a dipeptide of two amino acids, indicate which four atoms are part of the planar structure of the peptide bond, indicate the bond that rotates to change the phi(f) and the psi(y) ang ...
ADAM
... a relatively hydrophobic stretch of ~23 amino acids embedded in the cysteine-rich domain • The presence or absence of these characteristics is conserved among the orthologs of a given ADAM. For example, all ADAM1s sequence contains, whereas the ADAM2s do not. ...
... a relatively hydrophobic stretch of ~23 amino acids embedded in the cysteine-rich domain • The presence or absence of these characteristics is conserved among the orthologs of a given ADAM. For example, all ADAM1s sequence contains, whereas the ADAM2s do not. ...
(Simple) Physical Models of Protein Folding
... •Linear polymer chain composed of tens (peptides) to thousands (proteins) of monome •Monomers are 20 naturally occurring amino acids •Different proteins have different amino acid sequences •Structureless, extended unfolded state •Compact, ‘unique’ native folded state (with secondary and tertiary str ...
... •Linear polymer chain composed of tens (peptides) to thousands (proteins) of monome •Monomers are 20 naturally occurring amino acids •Different proteins have different amino acid sequences •Structureless, extended unfolded state •Compact, ‘unique’ native folded state (with secondary and tertiary str ...
proteinS
... According new IUPAC nomenclature L- D- forms were replaced for (S)- and (R)- system ...
... According new IUPAC nomenclature L- D- forms were replaced for (S)- and (R)- system ...
Replication of the DNA
... – mRNA carrying multiple cistron and which may be translated to give several different protein molecule. ...
... – mRNA carrying multiple cistron and which may be translated to give several different protein molecule. ...
3. Proteins Classification (2017)
... • The amino acid with a free amino group is called amino terminus or NH2-terminus. • The amino acid with a free carboxylic group is called carboxyl terminus or COOH-terminus. ...
... • The amino acid with a free amino group is called amino terminus or NH2-terminus. • The amino acid with a free carboxylic group is called carboxyl terminus or COOH-terminus. ...
1. Overview
... • Coordinates can be extracted and viewed • Comparisons of structures allows identification of structural motifs • Proteins with similar functions and sequences = homologs ...
... • Coordinates can be extracted and viewed • Comparisons of structures allows identification of structural motifs • Proteins with similar functions and sequences = homologs ...
Notes Protein Synthesis
... • If one tRNA variety existed for each codon, there would need to be 61 tRNAs, there are only about 45, some can bind to more than codon • The rule for base pairing is not as strict between the third base of a codon and an anticodon, this relaxation of base-pairing rules is called wobble • Ex: a tRN ...
... • If one tRNA variety existed for each codon, there would need to be 61 tRNAs, there are only about 45, some can bind to more than codon • The rule for base pairing is not as strict between the third base of a codon and an anticodon, this relaxation of base-pairing rules is called wobble • Ex: a tRN ...
Regulation of gene expression
... • OPERON – transcription unit , a cluster of genes on the chromosome , which are regulated by a single promoter and operator, they are transcribed as one long mRNA molecule – 1 mRNA (with several genes) = 1 transcription unit – polycistronic transcript • PROMOTER – initiation site, where transcripti ...
... • OPERON – transcription unit , a cluster of genes on the chromosome , which are regulated by a single promoter and operator, they are transcribed as one long mRNA molecule – 1 mRNA (with several genes) = 1 transcription unit – polycistronic transcript • PROMOTER – initiation site, where transcripti ...
THE NORMAL METABOLISM OF PHENYLALANINE (pathways a
... Heterozygotes (carriers) are thought to be less susceptible to toxins produced by the moulds Aspergillus and Penecillium. These grow on foods in damp wet climates (e.g. NW Europe). ...
... Heterozygotes (carriers) are thought to be less susceptible to toxins produced by the moulds Aspergillus and Penecillium. These grow on foods in damp wet climates (e.g. NW Europe). ...
RNA Viruses
... site and share 3’ end of genome • May be produced by jumping polymerase - 7 base sequence in various parts of genome – Get recombinant viruses with mixed infections – DI particles are common ...
... site and share 3’ end of genome • May be produced by jumping polymerase - 7 base sequence in various parts of genome – Get recombinant viruses with mixed infections – DI particles are common ...
transfer RNA
... To the 3’ end, a poly-tail of about 100 to 300 nucleotides is found, which will help the newly formed mRNA bind to a location on the ribosome. ...
... To the 3’ end, a poly-tail of about 100 to 300 nucleotides is found, which will help the newly formed mRNA bind to a location on the ribosome. ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... a. Blood amino acids- account for only 2-3 mEq of negative ions in the blood b. When absorbed from the GI tract, most are absorbed by the liver c. Carried into cells by active transport; stored as proteins once inside the cell ...
... a. Blood amino acids- account for only 2-3 mEq of negative ions in the blood b. When absorbed from the GI tract, most are absorbed by the liver c. Carried into cells by active transport; stored as proteins once inside the cell ...
From Genes to Proteins What do genes code for?
... Retroviruses transcribe RNA into DNA through the use of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase: RNA → DNA → RNA → protein Some very primitive viruses use only RNA → proteins Prions are proteins directly replicating themselves by making conforma onal changes in other proteins, Protein → Protein (SCAR ...
... Retroviruses transcribe RNA into DNA through the use of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase: RNA → DNA → RNA → protein Some very primitive viruses use only RNA → proteins Prions are proteins directly replicating themselves by making conforma onal changes in other proteins, Protein → Protein (SCAR ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.