Molecular Genetics Review - Biology 12U Chapter 7: Nucleic Acids
... Chapter 7: Nucleic Acids: The Molecular Basis of Life material of heredity - components or RNA and DNA *5 people in the book who are important for DNA history : Watson and Crick; Franklin; Chargaff; Meishner; and Griffith. structure of nucleic acids organiztion of genetic material in prokaryotes a ...
... Chapter 7: Nucleic Acids: The Molecular Basis of Life material of heredity - components or RNA and DNA *5 people in the book who are important for DNA history : Watson and Crick; Franklin; Chargaff; Meishner; and Griffith. structure of nucleic acids organiztion of genetic material in prokaryotes a ...
RNA polymerases
... One of the two strands of the DNA double helix acts as template The RNA nucleotide sequence is determined by the complementary base-pairing Catalyzed by RNA polymerases, add rNTPs ...
... One of the two strands of the DNA double helix acts as template The RNA nucleotide sequence is determined by the complementary base-pairing Catalyzed by RNA polymerases, add rNTPs ...
Powerpoint file
... elongation and termination. 4. The nucleotide at the 5’ end of an RNA strand retains all three of its phosphate groups; all subsequent nucleotides release pyrophosphate (PPi) when added to the chain and retain only their a phosphate (red). 5. The released PPi is subsequently hydrolyzed by pyrophosph ...
... elongation and termination. 4. The nucleotide at the 5’ end of an RNA strand retains all three of its phosphate groups; all subsequent nucleotides release pyrophosphate (PPi) when added to the chain and retain only their a phosphate (red). 5. The released PPi is subsequently hydrolyzed by pyrophosph ...
Regulating Protein Synthesis
... generally under positive control (proteins promote, rather than inhibit, RNA polymerase binding to DNA template). ...
... generally under positive control (proteins promote, rather than inhibit, RNA polymerase binding to DNA template). ...
Transcription: Synthesizing RNA from DNA
... tRNA: transfer appropriate amino acid to the ribosome to build proteins. Short ~70-90 nucleotides. rRNA: structural component of ribosome, along with a protein it forms the ribosome which provides the construction site for polypeptide assembly snRNA: small nuclear RNA involved in modification of mRN ...
... tRNA: transfer appropriate amino acid to the ribosome to build proteins. Short ~70-90 nucleotides. rRNA: structural component of ribosome, along with a protein it forms the ribosome which provides the construction site for polypeptide assembly snRNA: small nuclear RNA involved in modification of mRN ...
pptx - WVU School of Medicine
... • different σ factors recognize different promoters (σ70 = most genes; σ32 = heat shock proteins; σ28 = flagella & chemotaxis genes). • 2 DNA sequences (-35 & -10) found in most prokaryotic promoters – “upstream” of transcription start site (+1). ...
... • different σ factors recognize different promoters (σ70 = most genes; σ32 = heat shock proteins; σ28 = flagella & chemotaxis genes). • 2 DNA sequences (-35 & -10) found in most prokaryotic promoters – “upstream” of transcription start site (+1). ...
Lecture 4: DNA transcription
... DNA) binding to specific DNA sequences called promoters that drive transcription (region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription). The sequence of promoter determines direction of RNA polymerase action. Rate of gene transcription depends on rate of formation of stable initiation complex ...
... DNA) binding to specific DNA sequences called promoters that drive transcription (region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription). The sequence of promoter determines direction of RNA polymerase action. Rate of gene transcription depends on rate of formation of stable initiation complex ...
Slide 1
... transcription in bacteria and eukaryotic cells • In bacteria, the two principle mechanisms involve RNA polymerase and one of these also requires the termination ...
... transcription in bacteria and eukaryotic cells • In bacteria, the two principle mechanisms involve RNA polymerase and one of these also requires the termination ...
Study Guide MBMB 451A Fall 2002
... 7. What is an enhancer? What is a response element? 8. Describe two models for how an enhancer could effect the level of transcription. 9. What are the transcription factors called that are used by Pol I and Pol III? 10. Discuss how transcription activity can be regulated by protein phosphorylation ...
... 7. What is an enhancer? What is a response element? 8. Describe two models for how an enhancer could effect the level of transcription. 9. What are the transcription factors called that are used by Pol I and Pol III? 10. Discuss how transcription activity can be regulated by protein phosphorylation ...
DNA/RNA.lecture
... 1. messenger RNAs (mRNA) 2. Other 2 types of RNA - protein-producing machinery a. transfer RNAs (tRNA) b. ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) D. How is it made? 1. Musical analogy 2. similar a. DNA b. the information c. RNA 3. RNA polymerase a. 3’ end b. promoter termination signal c. transcription unit d. synthe ...
... 1. messenger RNAs (mRNA) 2. Other 2 types of RNA - protein-producing machinery a. transfer RNAs (tRNA) b. ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) D. How is it made? 1. Musical analogy 2. similar a. DNA b. the information c. RNA 3. RNA polymerase a. 3’ end b. promoter termination signal c. transcription unit d. synthe ...
CS 262—Lecture 1 Notes • 4-‐5 HWs, 3 late days • (Optional
... o Although we have trillions of cells, an average somatic cell only has 30-‐60 differences from the “pure”, original genome • DNA packed into chromosomes; DNA wrapped around histones, which are wrapped arou ...
... o Although we have trillions of cells, an average somatic cell only has 30-‐60 differences from the “pure”, original genome • DNA packed into chromosomes; DNA wrapped around histones, which are wrapped arou ...
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that
... RNAP will bind to the wrong site of the DNA and transcribe the wrong gene ...
... RNAP will bind to the wrong site of the DNA and transcribe the wrong gene ...
Lecture 7
... bind with an effective binding constant greater than 10 9 M -1.(∆G = -RT ln Ka, where R = 8.31 J/°K mole) Suppose that you want to screen all of the DNA of an average chromosome of 150 million base pairs. How many ATP molecules will be hydrolyzed in the screen, assuming that the energy of ATP hydrol ...
... bind with an effective binding constant greater than 10 9 M -1.(∆G = -RT ln Ka, where R = 8.31 J/°K mole) Suppose that you want to screen all of the DNA of an average chromosome of 150 million base pairs. How many ATP molecules will be hydrolyzed in the screen, assuming that the energy of ATP hydrol ...
Distinguish between these 3 root types: - mvhs
... Ribosome– The “workbench” where translation takes place. Catalyzes the formation of __________ bonds between amino acids to form the polypeptide chain. Made of ________ and rRNA. ...
... Ribosome– The “workbench” where translation takes place. Catalyzes the formation of __________ bonds between amino acids to form the polypeptide chain. Made of ________ and rRNA. ...
Ch17_note_summary
... This allows RNA polymerase 2 to bind, forming the transcription initiation complex. This causes the DNA to unwind, and transcription begins. 2) Elongation- RNA synthesis progresses in the 5’ to 3’ direction. 3) Termination- transcription proceeds through the terminator then detaches in prokaryotes. ...
... This allows RNA polymerase 2 to bind, forming the transcription initiation complex. This causes the DNA to unwind, and transcription begins. 2) Elongation- RNA synthesis progresses in the 5’ to 3’ direction. 3) Termination- transcription proceeds through the terminator then detaches in prokaryotes. ...
Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
... Molecules called transcription factors bind to the promoter DNA before a gene. This allows the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter where it starts the process of transcription. Without the transcription factors being present, no transcription or less transcription will occur. Transcription factor ...
... Molecules called transcription factors bind to the promoter DNA before a gene. This allows the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter where it starts the process of transcription. Without the transcription factors being present, no transcription or less transcription will occur. Transcription factor ...
Modification of Genes and Proteins - sharonap-cellrepro-p3
... Transcription starts when RNA polymerase attaches itself to the promoter region of the DNA ...
... Transcription starts when RNA polymerase attaches itself to the promoter region of the DNA ...
PartFourSumm_ThemesInRegulation.doc
... transription. Note that the same regulatory protein (cAMP-CAP) can make different contacts with RNA polymerase at different operons and activate transcription by different mechanisms, affecting the affinity of the polymerase for the promoter in one case and the rate of closed to open complex in the ...
... transription. Note that the same regulatory protein (cAMP-CAP) can make different contacts with RNA polymerase at different operons and activate transcription by different mechanisms, affecting the affinity of the polymerase for the promoter in one case and the rate of closed to open complex in the ...
Book 11.5 HB Questions
... 5. The process of joining exons together to form an mRNA molecule is called _________________________. 6. During transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken. 7. A mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a(an) __________ ...
... 5. The process of joining exons together to form an mRNA molecule is called _________________________. 6. During transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken. 7. A mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a(an) __________ ...
outline File - selu moodle
... Wobble effect at third position Near universal 15.3 Prokaryotic Transcription Begins at a promoter transcribes the transcription unit ends at the terminator Promoter – sequence within DNA Elongation uses RNA polymerase to add ribonucleotides that are complementary to the template strand Most com ...
... Wobble effect at third position Near universal 15.3 Prokaryotic Transcription Begins at a promoter transcribes the transcription unit ends at the terminator Promoter – sequence within DNA Elongation uses RNA polymerase to add ribonucleotides that are complementary to the template strand Most com ...
Eukaryotic transcription
Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of RNA replica. Gene transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all different types of RNA, RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (including humans) comes in three variations, each encoding a different type of gene. A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that separates the processes of transcription and translation. Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The complexity of the eukaryotic genome necessitates a great variety and complexity of gene expression control.