Answers to chapter 7 questions Mastering Concepts 7.1 1. How did
... equals 16 combinations of RNA bases). Therefore, at least three RNA bases must specify each amino acid (4x4x4=64). Later studies confirmed that each codon contains three RNA bases. 18. The roundworm C. elegans has 556 cells when it hatches. Each cell contains the entire genome but expresses only a s ...
... equals 16 combinations of RNA bases). Therefore, at least three RNA bases must specify each amino acid (4x4x4=64). Later studies confirmed that each codon contains three RNA bases. 18. The roundworm C. elegans has 556 cells when it hatches. Each cell contains the entire genome but expresses only a s ...
8-Cell and Molecular Biology (Transcription)
... • The ability to fold into complex three dimensional shapes allows some RNA molecules to have precise structural and catalytic functions Transcription Produces RNA Complementary to One Strand of DNA; • The RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a process that has been certain similarities to ...
... • The ability to fold into complex three dimensional shapes allows some RNA molecules to have precise structural and catalytic functions Transcription Produces RNA Complementary to One Strand of DNA; • The RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a process that has been certain similarities to ...
The Structure of DNA and RNA
... RNA is a single stranded molecule containing a ribose sugar. It has a distinctive structure and, unlike DNA, there are variations and various types of RNA structures ...
... RNA is a single stranded molecule containing a ribose sugar. It has a distinctive structure and, unlike DNA, there are variations and various types of RNA structures ...
Slide 1
... protein-building instructions. The alphabet used in this book is simple A, T, G and C. • The DNA molecules for the formation of proteins occurs in genes on chromosomes. • Memorise the matching of these bases and between A and U (RNA). • It takes two steps, transcription and translation, to carry out ...
... protein-building instructions. The alphabet used in this book is simple A, T, G and C. • The DNA molecules for the formation of proteins occurs in genes on chromosomes. • Memorise the matching of these bases and between A and U (RNA). • It takes two steps, transcription and translation, to carry out ...
1) Which residues prefer helix, strand, turn:
... 3) Cys, Pro, Trp, Met, His, Gly are more special than the other 14 amino acids. Why? Which special things do you know about each of them? Cys: Bridges; reactive, can bind metals Pro: ring of N-Ca with side chain; therefore less flexible than the 19 others. And therefore has no H on backbone N. Trp: ...
... 3) Cys, Pro, Trp, Met, His, Gly are more special than the other 14 amino acids. Why? Which special things do you know about each of them? Cys: Bridges; reactive, can bind metals Pro: ring of N-Ca with side chain; therefore less flexible than the 19 others. And therefore has no H on backbone N. Trp: ...
video slide - SharpSchool
... From the growth patterns of the mutants, Beadle and Tatum deduced that each mutant was unable to carry out one step in the pathway for synthesizing arginine, presumably because it lacked the necessary enzyme. Because each of their mutants was mutated in a single gene, they concluded that each mutate ...
... From the growth patterns of the mutants, Beadle and Tatum deduced that each mutant was unable to carry out one step in the pathway for synthesizing arginine, presumably because it lacked the necessary enzyme. Because each of their mutants was mutated in a single gene, they concluded that each mutate ...
Ribozymes
... structure of RNA (by base-pairing of complementary regions); specific primary structure of certain regions is also necessary ...
... structure of RNA (by base-pairing of complementary regions); specific primary structure of certain regions is also necessary ...
focus on rna
... Differently from DNA, RNA has a hydroxyl group attached on a specific position of each of the sugars (riboses) that compose this polymeric molecule. This difference, albeit small, makes RNA much more flexible than DNA, resulting in a molecule that can adopt many different structures, thus acquiring ...
... Differently from DNA, RNA has a hydroxyl group attached on a specific position of each of the sugars (riboses) that compose this polymeric molecule. This difference, albeit small, makes RNA much more flexible than DNA, resulting in a molecule that can adopt many different structures, thus acquiring ...
DNA replication
... ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules, which combine with ribosomal polypeptides to form ribosomes-the organelles that synthesize polypeptides ...
... ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules, which combine with ribosomal polypeptides to form ribosomes-the organelles that synthesize polypeptides ...
WHAT IS A GENE? II.
... There are important implications of this definition. Collapsing in simple cases In simple cases where the gene is not discontinuous or there are no overlapping products, our definition collapses to the classical version of being a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or RNA product Projecting down ...
... There are important implications of this definition. Collapsing in simple cases In simple cases where the gene is not discontinuous or there are no overlapping products, our definition collapses to the classical version of being a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or RNA product Projecting down ...
Protein Synthesis - VCC Library
... defense, transport, and storage among other things. The types of protein produced within a cell depend on the information stored in the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In eukaryotic cells, DNA is housed in the nucleus. Because DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the information stored in the nucleotid ...
... defense, transport, and storage among other things. The types of protein produced within a cell depend on the information stored in the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In eukaryotic cells, DNA is housed in the nucleus. Because DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the information stored in the nucleotid ...
Transcription & Translation
... is DNARNAprotein • The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide – Polypeptides form proteins that cells and organisms use ...
... is DNARNAprotein • The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide – Polypeptides form proteins that cells and organisms use ...
Unusual C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA
... In yeast, mouse and hamster, the structure of the C-terminal extension of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II shows a high degree of conservation. In these three species the domain consists of a 26—52 tandemly repeated heptapeptide sequence with the consensus Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. The se ...
... In yeast, mouse and hamster, the structure of the C-terminal extension of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II shows a high degree of conservation. In these three species the domain consists of a 26—52 tandemly repeated heptapeptide sequence with the consensus Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. The se ...
Chapter 4
... Double sieve mechanism for error correction Synthetases have 2 sites: active site, hydrolytic site. Amino acids larger than the correct amino acid are never activated because they are too large to fit into the active site. Smaller amino acids (than the correct one) fit into the hydrolytic site (whic ...
... Double sieve mechanism for error correction Synthetases have 2 sites: active site, hydrolytic site. Amino acids larger than the correct amino acid are never activated because they are too large to fit into the active site. Smaller amino acids (than the correct one) fit into the hydrolytic site (whic ...
Ribosome biogenesis and cell growth: mTOR coordinates
... the activity but also the intracellular localization of TIFIA. Once inactivated by rapamycin treatment, a significant part of TIF-IA translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. mTOR-sensitive sequestration of TIF-IA in the cytoplasm is reminiscent of studies in yeast which have shown that the T ...
... the activity but also the intracellular localization of TIFIA. Once inactivated by rapamycin treatment, a significant part of TIF-IA translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. mTOR-sensitive sequestration of TIF-IA in the cytoplasm is reminiscent of studies in yeast which have shown that the T ...
Baird Chem in Your life Chapter 09
... 7. How many three-letter combinations consist of the letters of the four nitrogen bases A, C, G, and T? a. 64 b. 16 c. 32 d. 12 a: Calculating possibilities of four bases A,C,G and T (4 × 4 × 4) gives 64 combinations. ...
... 7. How many three-letter combinations consist of the letters of the four nitrogen bases A, C, G, and T? a. 64 b. 16 c. 32 d. 12 a: Calculating possibilities of four bases A,C,G and T (4 × 4 × 4) gives 64 combinations. ...
Viruses
... • General transcription factors – present in all transcription events • Attaches RNA polymerase to the promoter region • Target the TATA box • Specific Trans. Factors – activators and repressors specific to each cell type (ex. Liver and eye cells), bind to enhancer region on gene. ...
... • General transcription factors – present in all transcription events • Attaches RNA polymerase to the promoter region • Target the TATA box • Specific Trans. Factors – activators and repressors specific to each cell type (ex. Liver and eye cells), bind to enhancer region on gene. ...
DNA Replication
... ribosomes are complex structures, each of them having two subunits, a small and a large one: the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits of prokaryotes form the 70S ribosome; in eukaryotes, the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits form together the 80S ribosome. ...
... ribosomes are complex structures, each of them having two subunits, a small and a large one: the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits of prokaryotes form the 70S ribosome; in eukaryotes, the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits form together the 80S ribosome. ...
RNA
... binds only to regions of DNA known as promoters. • Promoters are signals in DNA that indicate to the enzyme where to bind to make RNA. ...
... binds only to regions of DNA known as promoters. • Promoters are signals in DNA that indicate to the enzyme where to bind to make RNA. ...
DNA in Action! A 3D Swarm-based Model of a Gene Regulatory
... Gene Complex 2: lacI The lacI gene, the second key module, is located downstream of the main lac complex (Fig. 1a). It likewise contains a promoter region, and produces proteins through the same action of RNA polymerase. The lacI protein product is known as a repressor, which has the ability to bind ...
... Gene Complex 2: lacI The lacI gene, the second key module, is located downstream of the main lac complex (Fig. 1a). It likewise contains a promoter region, and produces proteins through the same action of RNA polymerase. The lacI protein product is known as a repressor, which has the ability to bind ...
DNA to RNA
... If two loci have alleles A1, A2 with frequencies p1, p2 and B1, B2 with frequencies q1, q2, there are four possible haplotypes (A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, and A2B2). Let these frequencies be f1,1, f1,2, f2,1, f2.2. ...
... If two loci have alleles A1, A2 with frequencies p1, p2 and B1, B2 with frequencies q1, q2, there are four possible haplotypes (A1B1, A1B2, A2B1, and A2B2). Let these frequencies be f1,1, f1,2, f2,1, f2.2. ...