Comparing the effects of genetic drift and fluctuating selection on
... Figure 2. Joint posterior density of variation in the frequency of the medionigra genotype resulting from selection (q) and predicted effective population size (Ne ðtÞ): 50% and 95% contours. Density at q < 0 is an artefact of the smoothing. The model was fitted to the data by MCMC simulation using ...
... Figure 2. Joint posterior density of variation in the frequency of the medionigra genotype resulting from selection (q) and predicted effective population size (Ne ðtÞ): 50% and 95% contours. Density at q < 0 is an artefact of the smoothing. The model was fitted to the data by MCMC simulation using ...
The locus of sexual selection: moving sexual selection studies into
... These structures and behaviours often differ conspicuously among males within populations and between closely related species, and female preferences for these male characters sometimes vary in parallel with them (Gray & Cade, 2000; Brooks, 2002; Grace & Shaw, 2011; Oh et al., 2012), suggesting that ...
... These structures and behaviours often differ conspicuously among males within populations and between closely related species, and female preferences for these male characters sometimes vary in parallel with them (Gray & Cade, 2000; Brooks, 2002; Grace & Shaw, 2011; Oh et al., 2012), suggesting that ...
Introduction to Anthropology
... Student Responsibility: Lectures and visual aids are important components of the course. To complement lectures, readings are assigned each session. I expect lively exchanges between students and instructor throughout the term. To accomplish this, read the assigned materials before coming to class. ...
... Student Responsibility: Lectures and visual aids are important components of the course. To complement lectures, readings are assigned each session. I expect lively exchanges between students and instructor throughout the term. To accomplish this, read the assigned materials before coming to class. ...
An evolutionary relationship between genetic variation and
... between the two is not so easily expected since the genetic fluctuations generally depend on the mutation rate and the population distribution of organisms with different genes, while the phenotypic fluctuations of clones do not. The existence of a relationship, if there is any at all, must originate ...
... between the two is not so easily expected since the genetic fluctuations generally depend on the mutation rate and the population distribution of organisms with different genes, while the phenotypic fluctuations of clones do not. The existence of a relationship, if there is any at all, must originate ...
2013/12/3 1 Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism p
... “considers that it is opportune and desirable to set universal standards in the field of bioethics with due regard for human dignity and human rights and freedoms, in the spirit of cultural pluralism inherent in bioethics;” “invites the Director-General to continue preparatory work on a declaration ...
... “considers that it is opportune and desirable to set universal standards in the field of bioethics with due regard for human dignity and human rights and freedoms, in the spirit of cultural pluralism inherent in bioethics;” “invites the Director-General to continue preparatory work on a declaration ...
Detecting polygenic selection in marine populations by combining
... display higher fecundity, larger population sizes, and higher dispersal potential, which generally result in weak to non-existent population genetic structure over broad spatial scales (Ward et al. 1994; Waples 1998; Palumbi 2003; Hedgecock et al. 2007). These peculiar life-history traits also have ...
... display higher fecundity, larger population sizes, and higher dispersal potential, which generally result in weak to non-existent population genetic structure over broad spatial scales (Ward et al. 1994; Waples 1998; Palumbi 2003; Hedgecock et al. 2007). These peculiar life-history traits also have ...
Positive Heuristics in Evolutionary Biology
... and if there is a strong random element in the origin of these discontinuities (in speciation), then phylogenetic trends are essentially decoupled from phyletic trends within lineages (Stanley [1979], pp. 186-7). This is a controversial proposition and debate on this issue continues to intensify. Ho ...
... and if there is a strong random element in the origin of these discontinuities (in speciation), then phylogenetic trends are essentially decoupled from phyletic trends within lineages (Stanley [1979], pp. 186-7). This is a controversial proposition and debate on this issue continues to intensify. Ho ...
Evolutionary Algorithms.
... Selecting and Stopping • Once a decision is made the survivors comprise the next generation (Pop(t+1)). • This process of selecting parents based on their fitness, allowing them to create offspring, and replacing weaker members of the population is repeated for a user specified number of cycles. • ...
... Selecting and Stopping • Once a decision is made the survivors comprise the next generation (Pop(t+1)). • This process of selecting parents based on their fitness, allowing them to create offspring, and replacing weaker members of the population is repeated for a user specified number of cycles. • ...
SOCIOLOGY Jagoda Mrzygłocka
... (norms, values). In these groups process of socialization occurs. ...
... (norms, values). In these groups process of socialization occurs. ...
How Many Genes Had to Change to Produce Corn?
... noticed that scars left on the ridge by submarine landslides were common all along the eastern United States at water depths of between 500 and 700 meters-just where the ice-age drop in sea level might have decomposed the hydrates gluing the topmost sediment layers together. According to Robert Kaye ...
... noticed that scars left on the ridge by submarine landslides were common all along the eastern United States at water depths of between 500 and 700 meters-just where the ice-age drop in sea level might have decomposed the hydrates gluing the topmost sediment layers together. According to Robert Kaye ...
The Evolution of Learning: An Experiment in
... (see e.g. Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett and Thagard 1986) — but it would be very interesting to see whether evolutionary methods could be used to develop systems that might be classed as emergent in their own right. The road to achieving synchronic emergence through evolutionary methods seems clear: loo ...
... (see e.g. Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett and Thagard 1986) — but it would be very interesting to see whether evolutionary methods could be used to develop systems that might be classed as emergent in their own right. The road to achieving synchronic emergence through evolutionary methods seems clear: loo ...
The faster-X effect: integrating theory and data
... inferences about the processes contributing to evolutionary change [1–5]. The tools of evolutionary genomics produce the most useful insights when they can connect patterns of divergence with causal evolutionary processes, an objective that remains a considerable challenge. Molecular evolutionary co ...
... inferences about the processes contributing to evolutionary change [1–5]. The tools of evolutionary genomics produce the most useful insights when they can connect patterns of divergence with causal evolutionary processes, an objective that remains a considerable challenge. Molecular evolutionary co ...
Variation in a Population
... such that individuals with favorable phenotypes (the results of expressed genes – or the physical characteristics) are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less favorable phenotypes. The phenotype's genetic basis, the genotype associated with the favorable phenotype, will increase in ...
... such that individuals with favorable phenotypes (the results of expressed genes – or the physical characteristics) are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less favorable phenotypes. The phenotype's genetic basis, the genotype associated with the favorable phenotype, will increase in ...
The emergence of individual species
... Woese suggested a theory that life is originated from a communal state of ephemeral organisms which share innovations via HGT (2). This theory can explain why the evolution before the ramification into three kingdoms of life was so fast, while the universal common ancestor can not. In this theory, a ...
... Woese suggested a theory that life is originated from a communal state of ephemeral organisms which share innovations via HGT (2). This theory can explain why the evolution before the ramification into three kingdoms of life was so fast, while the universal common ancestor can not. In this theory, a ...
Geospiza conirostris
... correlations due to pleiotropy or linkage disequilibirum A trait may change as a consequence of direct selection, or as a correlated response to selection on a different trait A trait undergoing selection may fail to change because of a constraint operating through a genetically correlated ...
... correlations due to pleiotropy or linkage disequilibirum A trait may change as a consequence of direct selection, or as a correlated response to selection on a different trait A trait undergoing selection may fail to change because of a constraint operating through a genetically correlated ...
Evolutionary Theory in the 1920s: The Nature of the “Synthesis”
... In 1926 Morgan published The Theory of the Gene summarizing fifteen years of breathtaking advances in classical genetics mainly through linkage analysis. After 1920 cytology began to be systematically integrated with this work. Biochemistry, with a focus on enzymes, also emerged as a recognizable su ...
... In 1926 Morgan published The Theory of the Gene summarizing fifteen years of breathtaking advances in classical genetics mainly through linkage analysis. After 1920 cytology began to be systematically integrated with this work. Biochemistry, with a focus on enzymes, also emerged as a recognizable su ...
Appendix I
... The main thing that separates evolutionary algorithms from other search algorithms is the population and the interaction between members of the population through selection and crossover. This enables them to search discontinuous and complex search surfaces that a search with only a single search p ...
... The main thing that separates evolutionary algorithms from other search algorithms is the population and the interaction between members of the population through selection and crossover. This enables them to search discontinuous and complex search surfaces that a search with only a single search p ...
Chance and Natural Selection
... in the gene andgenotypefrequenciesof populations.(TheAppendixconsists of a review of genetic terminologythat some readersmight find useful at this point.) Thus, the kinds of evolutionarychangesthat I will be talkingaboutare changesof the following sort. Of the alleles (genes) at a particulargeneticl ...
... in the gene andgenotypefrequenciesof populations.(TheAppendixconsists of a review of genetic terminologythat some readersmight find useful at this point.) Thus, the kinds of evolutionarychangesthat I will be talkingaboutare changesof the following sort. Of the alleles (genes) at a particulargeneticl ...