a demographic framework mapping genes to communities Coulson, T
... population (demography), so the framework has to incorporate individuals as well as the genotypes and phenotypes that define them. Structuring the framework around demography allows it to extend to include population and community level dynamics because inter- and intra-specific interactions can inf ...
... population (demography), so the framework has to incorporate individuals as well as the genotypes and phenotypes that define them. Structuring the framework around demography allows it to extend to include population and community level dynamics because inter- and intra-specific interactions can inf ...
Genetic Drift
... inbreeding, reducing individual fitness and overall population viability (Lande 1988). Inbreeding can reduce fitness through the production of homozygotes. Homozygotes result in reduced fitness when (i) heterozygotes for rare lethal or nearly lethal alleles interbreed (Lande 1988), or (ii) when homo ...
... inbreeding, reducing individual fitness and overall population viability (Lande 1988). Inbreeding can reduce fitness through the production of homozygotes. Homozygotes result in reduced fitness when (i) heterozygotes for rare lethal or nearly lethal alleles interbreed (Lande 1988), or (ii) when homo ...
PDF - SAGE Journals
... Because so many statistical tests are performed in a GWAS, the significance threshold is typically set at a stringent 5 × 10−8 (“p < .00000005”) rather than the 5 × 10−2 (“p < .05”) that is standard for behavioral studies assumed to be testing a single hypothesis; this practice is analogous to a Bon ...
... Because so many statistical tests are performed in a GWAS, the significance threshold is typically set at a stringent 5 × 10−8 (“p < .00000005”) rather than the 5 × 10−2 (“p < .05”) that is standard for behavioral studies assumed to be testing a single hypothesis; this practice is analogous to a Bon ...
Evolution Problem Drill – 02: Genetic Variation and the Hardy
... Natural selection can not act unless the mutation results in a phenotypic difference. ...
... Natural selection can not act unless the mutation results in a phenotypic difference. ...
The Evolution of Altruism
... One can then use the ideas of relatedness and inclusive fitness to determine when altruism between kin might arise in nature. For example, suppose you are a blackbird who suddenly notices the approach of a hawk. If you give off a warning call to your neighbors, even if the call alerts the hawk of y ...
... One can then use the ideas of relatedness and inclusive fitness to determine when altruism between kin might arise in nature. For example, suppose you are a blackbird who suddenly notices the approach of a hawk. If you give off a warning call to your neighbors, even if the call alerts the hawk of y ...
The dawn of evolutionary genome engineering
... Evolution of genome size The realization of the vast differences in genome sizes across bacterial species promoted a growing interest in the concept of minimal genomes. Organisms with nearly minimal number of genes occur in nature and are often obligate host-associated bacteria30. For example, the e ...
... Evolution of genome size The realization of the vast differences in genome sizes across bacterial species promoted a growing interest in the concept of minimal genomes. Organisms with nearly minimal number of genes occur in nature and are often obligate host-associated bacteria30. For example, the e ...
Divergent evolution of lifespan associated with mitochondrial DNA
... It therefore seems likely that the mitochondrion plays an important role not only for ageing, but more generally for multidimensional life-history syndromes (Ballard and Pichaud 2014; Løvlie et al. 2014). Presumably, these effects are caused by differences across mtDNA haplotypes in their effects on ...
... It therefore seems likely that the mitochondrion plays an important role not only for ageing, but more generally for multidimensional life-history syndromes (Ballard and Pichaud 2014; Løvlie et al. 2014). Presumably, these effects are caused by differences across mtDNA haplotypes in their effects on ...
On the molecular evolutionary clock
... organisms and controlled by presumably identical loci, but also different hemoglobin chains found within the same organism and controlled by distinct loci were likely to be traceable to common ancestral genes which, in the latter case, had undergone duplication. This intuition was verified by compar ...
... organisms and controlled by presumably identical loci, but also different hemoglobin chains found within the same organism and controlled by distinct loci were likely to be traceable to common ancestral genes which, in the latter case, had undergone duplication. This intuition was verified by compar ...
Darwinian adaptation, population genetics and the streetcar theory
... If Charles Darwin could ask us today about modern variants of his concept of evolutionary adaptation, what would we say? Population geneticists would perhaps report the struggle they have had during the second half of this century in order to make the idea of Darwinian adaptation precise in their ow ...
... If Charles Darwin could ask us today about modern variants of his concept of evolutionary adaptation, what would we say? Population geneticists would perhaps report the struggle they have had during the second half of this century in order to make the idea of Darwinian adaptation precise in their ow ...
Stabilizing, directional, and diversifying selection either
... a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction ...
... a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction ...
The causal status of selection and drift - Philsci
... and/or survivorship; and (3) inheritance—a consistent relationship, for that trait, between parents and offspring such that offspring tend to resemble their parents. Evolution by the process of drift requires only conditions (1) and (3), plus the population must be finite in size (Endler 1986, 14). ...
... and/or survivorship; and (3) inheritance—a consistent relationship, for that trait, between parents and offspring such that offspring tend to resemble their parents. Evolution by the process of drift requires only conditions (1) and (3), plus the population must be finite in size (Endler 1986, 14). ...
Communicating with Transculturation
... ¢ What role is attributed to processes of cultural adoption in the genesis of conflicts? ¢ Does transculturation contribute to conflict resolution and intercultural communication ¢ and if so, to what extent? I would assume, based on what the Ngaing and the Banabans told me, that in every society a c ...
... ¢ What role is attributed to processes of cultural adoption in the genesis of conflicts? ¢ Does transculturation contribute to conflict resolution and intercultural communication ¢ and if so, to what extent? I would assume, based on what the Ngaing and the Banabans told me, that in every society a c ...
On epistasis: why it is unimportant in polygenic directional selection References
... was almost no overlap in the three studies, the great majority of loci must have not yet been identified. These 54 loci accounted for about 9 per cent of the genetic variance; hence the total number of loci must be roughly 54 (100/9) ¼ 600. This is a minimum estimate, since only those loci contrib ...
... was almost no overlap in the three studies, the great majority of loci must have not yet been identified. These 54 loci accounted for about 9 per cent of the genetic variance; hence the total number of loci must be roughly 54 (100/9) ¼ 600. This is a minimum estimate, since only those loci contrib ...
Pleiotropy and the evolution of floral integration
... traits, most affect a relatively small number of traits, allowing for substantial modularity in genetic architecture (Wagner et al., 2007). These results are consistent with patterns that have long been observed from quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping (Juenger et al., 2005; Fig. 1), and they sug ...
... traits, most affect a relatively small number of traits, allowing for substantial modularity in genetic architecture (Wagner et al., 2007). These results are consistent with patterns that have long been observed from quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping (Juenger et al., 2005; Fig. 1), and they sug ...
natural populations The probability of genetic parallelism and
... instances in which the direction of evolution was known or strongly suspected in independent populations, to exclude populations that might instead represent reversions to the ancestral state. This criterion meant that we could not include studies of the genetics of abdominal pigmentation in Drosoph ...
... instances in which the direction of evolution was known or strongly suspected in independent populations, to exclude populations that might instead represent reversions to the ancestral state. This criterion meant that we could not include studies of the genetics of abdominal pigmentation in Drosoph ...
Alleles versus mutations: Understanding the evolution
... and Turelli 1989; Messer and Petrov 2013; Lee et al. 2014). My goal in this article is to argue that inadequate models relating molecular variation to complex phenotypes are severely hampering our understanding of these topics, and propose a more productive conceptual framework for gaining novel ins ...
... and Turelli 1989; Messer and Petrov 2013; Lee et al. 2014). My goal in this article is to argue that inadequate models relating molecular variation to complex phenotypes are severely hampering our understanding of these topics, and propose a more productive conceptual framework for gaining novel ins ...
Print this article - Forum: Qualitative Social Research
... illustrated in the Singaporean experience later described in Section 3.1). In other words, I was aware that what caught my attention, what stirred my emotion, and what I chose to report, were an expression of my own cultural code. So, from a socio-psychological perspective, by being the object of st ...
... illustrated in the Singaporean experience later described in Section 3.1). In other words, I was aware that what caught my attention, what stirred my emotion, and what I chose to report, were an expression of my own cultural code. So, from a socio-psychological perspective, by being the object of st ...
Genetic consequences of directional selection in
... locus and N is population size) due to random sampling of gametes (Wright 1931). In a small population or when a population goes through a bottleneck, genetic drift can result in large changes in allele frequencies. In large populations the effect of genetic drift is much smaller. Mutations are the ...
... locus and N is population size) due to random sampling of gametes (Wright 1931). In a small population or when a population goes through a bottleneck, genetic drift can result in large changes in allele frequencies. In large populations the effect of genetic drift is much smaller. Mutations are the ...
Lecture PPT CH02
... Map 2.2 The “Infertility Belt” In certain countries in Central Africa, infertility rates are as high as 30%. The reasons for this are unclear although malnutrition and high rates of STIs are probable factors. Human Development: A Cultural Approach Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ...
... Map 2.2 The “Infertility Belt” In certain countries in Central Africa, infertility rates are as high as 30%. The reasons for this are unclear although malnutrition and high rates of STIs are probable factors. Human Development: A Cultural Approach Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ...
Power Point, chapter 2
... Map 2.2 The “Infertility Belt” In certain countries in Central Africa, infertility rates are as high as 30%. The reasons for this are unclear although malnutrition and high rates of STIs are probable factors. Human Development: A Cultural Approach Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ...
... Map 2.2 The “Infertility Belt” In certain countries in Central Africa, infertility rates are as high as 30%. The reasons for this are unclear although malnutrition and high rates of STIs are probable factors. Human Development: A Cultural Approach Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ...
Powerpoint: Ch. 2
... Map 2.2 The “Infertility Belt” In certain countries in Central Africa, infertility rates are as high as 30%. The reasons for this are unclear although malnutrition and high rates of STIs are probable factors. Human Development: A Cultural Approach Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ...
... Map 2.2 The “Infertility Belt” In certain countries in Central Africa, infertility rates are as high as 30%. The reasons for this are unclear although malnutrition and high rates of STIs are probable factors. Human Development: A Cultural Approach Jeffrey Jensen Arnett ...
The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel Trudy F. C.
... We find substantial evidence for positive selection in autosomal non-centromeric regions and the X chromosome (Fig. 2c, Supplementary Tables 15, 17). We estimated α by aggregating all sites in each region analyzed to avoid underestimation by averaging across genes37 in comparisons of chromosomes, re ...
... We find substantial evidence for positive selection in autosomal non-centromeric regions and the X chromosome (Fig. 2c, Supplementary Tables 15, 17). We estimated α by aggregating all sites in each region analyzed to avoid underestimation by averaging across genes37 in comparisons of chromosomes, re ...
Darwinian Common Descent: Fact, Faith or Both?
... random mutation in an organism’s genotype (genetic makeup) produces a characteristic that enables the organism to survive better in its environment than other organisms that lack this characteristic. In time, the better-adapted organism produces more offspring, which share the parent’s genotype (gen ...
... random mutation in an organism’s genotype (genetic makeup) produces a characteristic that enables the organism to survive better in its environment than other organisms that lack this characteristic. In time, the better-adapted organism produces more offspring, which share the parent’s genotype (gen ...