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Pleiotropic effects of methoprene-tolerant (Met), a gene involved in
Pleiotropic effects of methoprene-tolerant (Met), a gene involved in

... variation for the onset of reproduction and for age-specific fecundity. Alleles influenced phenotypic covariances among traits (developmental time and onset of reproduction; onset of reproduction and both early and late fecundity; early and late fecundity), suggesting that alleles of Met vary in their ...
Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives
Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives

... to study and explain these differences. Instead, “our kind” was deemed to be truly human, and other kinds were judged as less so. This is clearly not a position that anyone can afford to hold. Cultural anthropology is the modern science of human behavioral diversity. While it aimed initially to desc ...
Sexual selection can constrain sympatric speciation
Sexual selection can constrain sympatric speciation

... situation is highly favourable to speciation, but requires quite special conditions. Wright (1935) showed that, under random mating, if lifetime fitness produces weak stabilizing selection on a trait that is determined by loci with additive effects, then selection can at best maintain polymorphism a ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness

... intuitive problem is that frequency dependence makes it possible for an allele to be selected even when an increase in its frequency would, via knock-on effects on the fitness of other genotypes, detract from the mean fitness of the population. The moral of over 50 years of work in this area is that ...
3.1.molecular_evolution - T
3.1.molecular_evolution - T

... Another prediction of Neutral Theory--Because mutation is regular (or “clocklike”) and because selection does not influence the rate of divergence, divergence of DNA and protein molecules in two separate lineages should occur in a REGULAR, clocklike manner ...
Altruism as a Tool for optimization: Literature Review
Altruism as a Tool for optimization: Literature Review

... otherwise: Studies have found that people‟s first impulse is to problems.by biomimicking altruistic behavior of honey bees Abstract— Altruism is the opposite of selfishness. Altruism is a powerful force and is unique in the animal environment. Some individuals are heterogeneity and interact between ...
Recent Advances in Cytology
Recent Advances in Cytology

... Hampton Carson, a young graduate student at the time, remembered the reaction to Recent Advances of Cytology in his biology department at the University of Pennsylvania: “The older members of this strongly cytological department received the Darlington book with stiff attitudes of outrage, anger, an ...
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among

... being a more effective predator; Pfennig & Murphy, 2002). In addition, omnivory in S. multiplicata was positively associated with the presumed abundance of S. bombifrons in their native ponds, when raised under identical conditions, indicating a genetic component, in addition to the plastic componen ...
GENDER, CULTURE CHANGE, AND FERTILITY DECLINE IN HONDURAS:  AN
GENDER, CULTURE CHANGE, AND FERTILITY DECLINE IN HONDURAS: AN

Research Methods for Cultural Studies
Research Methods for Cultural Studies

Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness

... here, though none is uncontroversial. For example, we might try to defend a version of MAX-A by arguing that, although mean fitness maxima are not the only stable stationary points, they possess special stability properties that other stationary points do not possess. The tenability of this claim de ...
THE CHARACTER CONCEPT IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
THE CHARACTER CONCEPT IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Commentary: A century of Mendelism: on Johannsen`s genotype
Commentary: A century of Mendelism: on Johannsen`s genotype

... be inevitable for, say, the palaeontologist, who has only post-factum fossil evidence of the processes of inheritance and natural selection at his disposal. Not so for the experimental biologist who may ask for the rules of inheritance of inter-organismic (phenotypic) variability that serves as the ...
Selection in backcross programmes
Selection in backcross programmes

The Role of Causal Processes in the Neutral and Nearly Neutral
The Role of Causal Processes in the Neutral and Nearly Neutral

... were not quickly eliminated or fixed (Kimura and Ohta 1971). The core of the neutralist-selectionist debate then is not an all or nothing dispute pitting selection against drift, but a debate over the relative importance of drift and selection for explaining these detected polymorphisms in a populat ...
An introduction to genetic algorithms
An introduction to genetic algorithms

... Science arises from the very human desire to understand and control the world. Over the course of history, we humans have gradually built up a grand edifice of knowledge that enables us to predict, to varying extents, the weather, the motions of the planets, solar and lunar eclipses, the courses of ...
An introduction to genetic algorithms / Melanie
An introduction to genetic algorithms / Melanie

Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?
Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

... (sorting-out) of genetically distinct organelles (Box 1; Fig. 1), and the virtual absence of recombination [1, 2]. Due to the different evolutionary origins and inheritance modes of the genomes of the eukaryotic cell, severe evolutionary consequences arise: (i) Nuclear and organellar genomes differ ...
Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila
Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila

... Our working hypothesis predicted that the recombination index would decrease as a result of stabilizing selection. While only one comparison (M2, chromosome 3, generation 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a ...
anthro intro
anthro intro

Epistasis in Polygenic Traits and the Evolution of Genetic
Epistasis in Polygenic Traits and the Evolution of Genetic

... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
8.COM 7.a.1 - Intangible Cultural Heritage
8.COM 7.a.1 - Intangible Cultural Heritage

... Having recognized that objective threats confront many expressions of intangible cultural heritage worldwide and render their urgent safeguarding necessary, the Body as a whole was nevertheless not convinced by the arguments sometimes raised by one or another of its members that recommended disregar ...
Divergent selection and heterogeneous genomic
Divergent selection and heterogeneous genomic

... genome, with divergent selection contributing to such heterogeneous genomic divergence. For example, loci under divergent selection and those tightly physically linked to them may exhibit stronger differentiation than neutral regions with weak or no linkage to such loci. Divergent selection can also ...
Evolution of mating types driven by purifying selection
Evolution of mating types driven by purifying selection

... Pritchard, 1998; Hadjivasiliou, 2013), and therefore confers a long-term fitness advantage. Mitochondrial mixing, on the other hand, reduces the strength of selection and is costly in a long term (Radzvilavicius, 2016). Asymmetric transmission of mitochondria therefore counters the mutational meltdo ...
Visions of Culture : an Introduction to Anthropological Theories and
Visions of Culture : an Introduction to Anthropological Theories and

... against current theoretical trends in anthropology. Today, for example, cultural ecology and cultural evolution have fallen into disfavor, but they were important theoretical lines of inquiry from roughly 1945 to 1975. The several variations on functionalism were important to anthropology from the m ...
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Dual inheritance theory

Dual inheritance theory (DIT), also known as gene–culture coevolution or biocultural evolution, was developed in the 1960's through early 1980s to explain how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: genetic evolution and cultural evolution. In DIT, culture is defined as information and/or behavior acquired through social learning. One of the theory's central claims is that culture evolves partly through a Darwinian selection process, which dual inheritance theorists often describe by analogy to genetic evolution.'Culture', in this context is defined as 'socially learned behavior', and 'social learning' is defined as copying behaviors observed in others or acquiring behaviors through being taught by others. Most of the modeling done in the field relies on the first dynamic (copying) though it can be extended to teaching. Social learning at its simplest involves blind copying of behaviors from a model (someone observed behaving), though it is also understood to have many potential biases, including success bias (copying from those who are perceived to be better off), status bias (copying from those with higher status), homophily (copying from those most like ourselves), conformist bias (disproportionately picking up behaviors that more people are performing), etc.. Understanding social learning is a system of pattern replication, and understanding that there are different rates of survival for different socially learned cultural variants, this sets up, by definition, an evolutionary structure: Cultural Evolution.Because genetic evolution is relatively well understood, most of DIT examines cultural evolution and the interactions between cultural evolution and genetic evolution.
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