Acta Biotheoretica 47: 29-40, 1999 ON THE ADAPTIVE VALUE OF
... trait mainly due to sexual selection (Arnqvist 1998), showing that sexual selection may fix genetic straits faster than natural selection. The handicap simulation (MSC 2), consistently failed to improve on random mating (MSC 0). The adaptive disadvantage of the simulated handicap seemed to be too st ...
... trait mainly due to sexual selection (Arnqvist 1998), showing that sexual selection may fix genetic straits faster than natural selection. The handicap simulation (MSC 2), consistently failed to improve on random mating (MSC 0). The adaptive disadvantage of the simulated handicap seemed to be too st ...
GApresentation
... Deme: A subset of the population that interbreeds (might be the whole population) Chromosome: A solution structure (often binary); contains one or more genes Gene: A feature or parameter Allele: A specific value for a gene Phenotype: A member of the population, a real-valued solution vector Generati ...
... Deme: A subset of the population that interbreeds (might be the whole population) Chromosome: A solution structure (often binary); contains one or more genes Gene: A feature or parameter Allele: A specific value for a gene Phenotype: A member of the population, a real-valued solution vector Generati ...
Hitchhiking and Selective sweeps
... possible under a soft sweep, so not a good signal • Good LD signal: under a soft-sweep, LS extends through the site of selection ...
... possible under a soft sweep, so not a good signal • Good LD signal: under a soft-sweep, LS extends through the site of selection ...
Plant Genetic Diversity and the Struggle to
... provided an essential null hypothesis for research on the adaptive bases of molecular and biochemical polymorphisms. The neutral theory specifies a singular null hypothesis that can be tested against actual data. After more than 25 years of experience there seems to be a general consensus that neutr ...
... provided an essential null hypothesis for research on the adaptive bases of molecular and biochemical polymorphisms. The neutral theory specifies a singular null hypothesis that can be tested against actual data. After more than 25 years of experience there seems to be a general consensus that neutr ...
Molecular population genetics Magnus Nordborg* and Hideki Innan
... random process along the branches of the tree for that site. Precisely because they are neutral, they will not have affected the tree itself. The pattern of polymorphism will thus reflect the tree in a statistical sense. To understand the genomic pattern of polymorphism expected in a population, we ...
... random process along the branches of the tree for that site. Precisely because they are neutral, they will not have affected the tree itself. The pattern of polymorphism will thus reflect the tree in a statistical sense. To understand the genomic pattern of polymorphism expected in a population, we ...
The Hardy-Weinberg equation can test whether a population is
... The Hardy-Weinberg equation can test whether a population is evolving The shuffling of alleles that accompanies sexual reproduction does not alter the genetic makeup of the population. – No matter how many times alleles are segregated into different gametes, and united in different combinations b ...
... The Hardy-Weinberg equation can test whether a population is evolving The shuffling of alleles that accompanies sexual reproduction does not alter the genetic makeup of the population. – No matter how many times alleles are segregated into different gametes, and united in different combinations b ...
Positive Selection Driving the Evolution of a Gene of Male
... estimation based on table 1 suggests an excess of 46 (575 2 [22/16] 3 21) amino acid replacements between D. melanogaster and D. simulans that may be attributable to positive selection. (This is because, under the neutral model, a parity in R : S values between polymorphic and fixed differences is e ...
... estimation based on table 1 suggests an excess of 46 (575 2 [22/16] 3 21) amino acid replacements between D. melanogaster and D. simulans that may be attributable to positive selection. (This is because, under the neutral model, a parity in R : S values between polymorphic and fixed differences is e ...
Chap. 23 Evolution of Populations
... Evolution by natural selection involves both change and “sorting” New genetic variations arise by chance Beneficial alleles are “sorted” and favored by natural selection ...
... Evolution by natural selection involves both change and “sorting” New genetic variations arise by chance Beneficial alleles are “sorted” and favored by natural selection ...
An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms and Hyper
... Why is this the case? Some initial work on this: ◦ Allows for quicker movement through the solution space indirectly. Small movements in the heuristic space results in larger movement in the solution space. ◦ Fitness landscape has a big valley structure in which a ...
... Why is this the case? Some initial work on this: ◦ Allows for quicker movement through the solution space indirectly. Small movements in the heuristic space results in larger movement in the solution space. ◦ Fitness landscape has a big valley structure in which a ...
Evolutionary Computing and Autonomic Computing: Shared Problems, Shared Solutions?
... encodes or represents this phenotype. It is an important to note that variation and selection act in different spaces. – Variation operators act on genotypes. Mutation and recombination never take place on phenotypical level, for instance, changing a leg into a wing. Rather, variation effects on the ...
... encodes or represents this phenotype. It is an important to note that variation and selection act in different spaces. – Variation operators act on genotypes. Mutation and recombination never take place on phenotypical level, for instance, changing a leg into a wing. Rather, variation effects on the ...
Mock Exam 1 gibson
... DISCLAIMER this mock exam is in no way an exact interpretation of the exam but rather a way to practice your understanding of the concepts that might appear on the exam. You may work in groups or alone to complete the mock exam. 1. In your own words, what is Anthropology? 2. An allele is: a. ...
... DISCLAIMER this mock exam is in no way an exact interpretation of the exam but rather a way to practice your understanding of the concepts that might appear on the exam. You may work in groups or alone to complete the mock exam. 1. In your own words, what is Anthropology? 2. An allele is: a. ...
ACCURACY OF TRANSFER RNA SELECTION IN PROTEIN
... the production of functional polypeptide sequences. Here, three different Escherichia coli strains; wild type MG1655, streptomycin restrictive (SmR) strain res222, and a streptomycin pseudo-dependent (SmP) strain w3110 are used, for studying the accuracy of tRNA selection in protein synthesis. The m ...
... the production of functional polypeptide sequences. Here, three different Escherichia coli strains; wild type MG1655, streptomycin restrictive (SmR) strain res222, and a streptomycin pseudo-dependent (SmP) strain w3110 are used, for studying the accuracy of tRNA selection in protein synthesis. The m ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab
... • Linkage and Genetic Hitchhiking: Genetic changes that occur because the gene was right next to another gene on a chromosome that was under selection ...
... • Linkage and Genetic Hitchhiking: Genetic changes that occur because the gene was right next to another gene on a chromosome that was under selection ...
6.6 Selection: Winning and Losing
... Darwin and Alfred RusselWallace.Both naturalistsrecognizedthe profound importance of selectionas a mechanism of evolution. Natural selection arises whenever (1)individualsvary in the expressionoftheir phenotypes, and (2) this variationcauses some individuals to perform better than others.Over many g ...
... Darwin and Alfred RusselWallace.Both naturalistsrecognizedthe profound importance of selectionas a mechanism of evolution. Natural selection arises whenever (1)individualsvary in the expressionoftheir phenotypes, and (2) this variationcauses some individuals to perform better than others.Over many g ...
Sexual and social competition: broadening perspectives by defining
... competitive process—at the mechanistic level. As Cummings [54] shows here, employing a behavioural genomics approach to directly study sensory systems in the brain may shed light on the process of mate choice. Such tools may also inform us about sex differences in intrasexual competition, as differe ...
... competitive process—at the mechanistic level. As Cummings [54] shows here, employing a behavioural genomics approach to directly study sensory systems in the brain may shed light on the process of mate choice. Such tools may also inform us about sex differences in intrasexual competition, as differe ...
File
... Animals use environmental cues to make choices that will allow them and their offspring, over evolutionary time, to have a good fitness outcome; this is natural selection. 8. What are some reasons that individuals live in a group? Describe problems associated with ...
... Animals use environmental cues to make choices that will allow them and their offspring, over evolutionary time, to have a good fitness outcome; this is natural selection. 8. What are some reasons that individuals live in a group? Describe problems associated with ...
The Shifting Balance Theory of Evolution
... involved a balance between the forces of natural selection (both among individuals within populations, and between local populations), random genetic drift and gene flow (migration), and that the relative contribution of these factors to evolutionary change would vary over time and space; hence the ...
... involved a balance between the forces of natural selection (both among individuals within populations, and between local populations), random genetic drift and gene flow (migration), and that the relative contribution of these factors to evolutionary change would vary over time and space; hence the ...
The Genetic Theory of Natural Selection
... frequencies (which we would expect for a novel mutation) change is very slow at the beginning, but speeds up as the number of heterozygotes increases. Once a high frequency of A is reached in the population per generation change slows down significantly, as only few mice with aa genotypes are ‘seen’ ...
... frequencies (which we would expect for a novel mutation) change is very slow at the beginning, but speeds up as the number of heterozygotes increases. Once a high frequency of A is reached in the population per generation change slows down significantly, as only few mice with aa genotypes are ‘seen’ ...
Sample Midterm 1 2002 - Moodle
... genetic basis of this trait and the genotypes of the parents and the offspring? (5 points) B. How would you test this hypothesis? Explain the predictions and procedures in detail. (10 points) Compare and contrast: The two terms in each pair below are often confused because they are somehow related. ...
... genetic basis of this trait and the genotypes of the parents and the offspring? (5 points) B. How would you test this hypothesis? Explain the predictions and procedures in detail. (10 points) Compare and contrast: The two terms in each pair below are often confused because they are somehow related. ...
Page 1 Heredity (1977), 39 (3), 373
... L, three lines selected for low bristle number; N, three lines in which I hoped to observe any effects of natural selection; and C, three control lines in which neither artificial nor natural selection would operate. The experimental lines S, L and N were set up and maintained by mating M-5 males wi ...
... L, three lines selected for low bristle number; N, three lines in which I hoped to observe any effects of natural selection; and C, three control lines in which neither artificial nor natural selection would operate. The experimental lines S, L and N were set up and maintained by mating M-5 males wi ...
AP Biology Notes Outline Enduring Understanding
... (1.1) The student is able to convert a data set from a table of numbers that reflect a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time and to apply mathematical methods and conceptual understandings to investigate the cause(s) and effect(s) of this change. (1.2) The student is able to evaluat ...
... (1.1) The student is able to convert a data set from a table of numbers that reflect a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time and to apply mathematical methods and conceptual understandings to investigate the cause(s) and effect(s) of this change. (1.2) The student is able to evaluat ...
Slide 1
... equation is useful in public health science Public health scientists use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to estimate frequencies of diseasecausing alleles in the human population. One out of 10,000 babies born in the United States has phenylketonuria (PKU), an inherited inability to break down the a ...
... equation is useful in public health science Public health scientists use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to estimate frequencies of diseasecausing alleles in the human population. One out of 10,000 babies born in the United States has phenylketonuria (PKU), an inherited inability to break down the a ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.