12 Substances
... be, and which persists in the result” (I.8 192a31). But if matter is the subject that persists through change, then it has the feature that Aristotle said at Categories 4a10 was “most distinctive” of substances. And since matter is also the primary subject of predication (“the predicates other than ...
... be, and which persists in the result” (I.8 192a31). But if matter is the subject that persists through change, then it has the feature that Aristotle said at Categories 4a10 was “most distinctive” of substances. And since matter is also the primary subject of predication (“the predicates other than ...
`Against Hirose`s Argument for Saving the Greater Number`
... and Z are equally good, let alone which one of them, if either, is better than the other. For they are different in respect to factors other than the identities of the people involved, i.e., the number of those who survive and those who do not. Therefore, X and Y, and Y and Z are incomparable. A dir ...
... and Z are equally good, let alone which one of them, if either, is better than the other. For they are different in respect to factors other than the identities of the people involved, i.e., the number of those who survive and those who do not. Therefore, X and Y, and Y and Z are incomparable. A dir ...
Reductionism in Ethics (for IEE, second submission)
... Many philosophers have been persuaded that naturalistic definitions of the moral do leave something out, and so that analytic reductionism is untenable. But some such philosophers have endorsed in its place not some form of non-naturalism (with Moore), non-cognitivism (with Hare), or nihilism, but o ...
... Many philosophers have been persuaded that naturalistic definitions of the moral do leave something out, and so that analytic reductionism is untenable. But some such philosophers have endorsed in its place not some form of non-naturalism (with Moore), non-cognitivism (with Hare), or nihilism, but o ...
Arthur`s Bentley obstinate philosophy
... of independent mental operations or representations — systematically, he refused to allow as a fact any presentation or description that is not capable being directly and immediately observable in time and space. In addition to this analysis of methods and means to be used in the study of human beha ...
... of independent mental operations or representations — systematically, he refused to allow as a fact any presentation or description that is not capable being directly and immediately observable in time and space. In addition to this analysis of methods and means to be used in the study of human beha ...
New wilderness landscapes as moral criticism A Nietzschean
... seen as the object of morality – the raw material that morality acts upon – but morality itself is conceived of as of belonging to a different order: it is the ability to freely relate to one’s natural inclinations and take responsibility for one’s actions. Kant’s ethics, for instance, relies heavil ...
... seen as the object of morality – the raw material that morality acts upon – but morality itself is conceived of as of belonging to a different order: it is the ability to freely relate to one’s natural inclinations and take responsibility for one’s actions. Kant’s ethics, for instance, relies heavil ...
06_chapter 2
... natures or cause, but there is no clear explanation of this doctrine. Like Aristotle, Bacon also considered that true science is knowledge of causes. Aristotle's distinction of four causes is apparently accepted by Bacon because for him this distinction is a correct account of the different ways in ...
... natures or cause, but there is no clear explanation of this doctrine. Like Aristotle, Bacon also considered that true science is knowledge of causes. Aristotle's distinction of four causes is apparently accepted by Bacon because for him this distinction is a correct account of the different ways in ...
Recent Criticism of Natural Law Theory
... the manner in which we experience freedom and cause with the propositions that are necessary to sustain either."26 C. Weinreb on Aquinas's Natural Law Theory For Weinreb, as for most commentators, Aquinas occupies a central place in the history of natural law theorizing. Aquinas stated the theory th ...
... the manner in which we experience freedom and cause with the propositions that are necessary to sustain either."26 C. Weinreb on Aquinas's Natural Law Theory For Weinreb, as for most commentators, Aquinas occupies a central place in the history of natural law theorizing. Aquinas stated the theory th ...
Cosmopolitanism, Stoicism, and Liberalism
... by the more formal ties of a shared citizenship. The other is that we take seriously the value not just of human life but of particular human lives, which means taking interest in the practices and beliefs that lend them significance. People are different, the cosmopolitan knows, and there is much t ...
... by the more formal ties of a shared citizenship. The other is that we take seriously the value not just of human life but of particular human lives, which means taking interest in the practices and beliefs that lend them significance. People are different, the cosmopolitan knows, and there is much t ...
moving beyond unification and modeling: a reconsideration of
... not of things but of structures. For this reason, the appeal to quantum field theory begins to undermine the very project of constructing an ontology, properly understood as studying things, which indicates that there are other ways of doing metaphysics.1 French (1998) makes a similar point. Second, ...
... not of things but of structures. For this reason, the appeal to quantum field theory begins to undermine the very project of constructing an ontology, properly understood as studying things, which indicates that there are other ways of doing metaphysics.1 French (1998) makes a similar point. Second, ...
The Philosopher and the Sage: Plato and Lao
... philosophical journey. The goal is to apprehend the sun itself and behold everything else in its light, after which the enlightened philosopher will return to the cave to bring the benefit of his enlightenment to his fellow citizens. However, even Socrates himself, a self-proclaimed philosopher (cf. ...
... philosophical journey. The goal is to apprehend the sun itself and behold everything else in its light, after which the enlightened philosopher will return to the cave to bring the benefit of his enlightenment to his fellow citizens. However, even Socrates himself, a self-proclaimed philosopher (cf. ...
13 responses to evolution: spencer`s evolutionism, bergsonism, and
... metaphysics that haunts science. In an unorganized body or material object, Bergson accepts that change may be only a displacement of the ultimate parts of which an object is made, parts that themselves do not change, meaning there is no real growth, no history, nothing to prevent the object returni ...
... metaphysics that haunts science. In an unorganized body or material object, Bergson accepts that change may be only a displacement of the ultimate parts of which an object is made, parts that themselves do not change, meaning there is no real growth, no history, nothing to prevent the object returni ...
FITT 15 - WordPress.com
... philosophy. A short text, its fifteen chapters focus on ten categories of being and language that can be applied to almost all words: substance, quantity, qualification, relatives, location, time, position, ownership, action, and affection. Although some words – like syncategorematic terms – exist o ...
... philosophy. A short text, its fifteen chapters focus on ten categories of being and language that can be applied to almost all words: substance, quantity, qualification, relatives, location, time, position, ownership, action, and affection. Although some words – like syncategorematic terms – exist o ...
Altruistic emotional motivation: An argument in
... This notion of altruism should not be confused with ‘behavioural’ or ‘evolutionary altruism’, as it is understood in biology or economics. Behavioural altruism is defined in terms of its outcomes on individual fitness or well-being, whereas psychological altruism is about the internal motives respon ...
... This notion of altruism should not be confused with ‘behavioural’ or ‘evolutionary altruism’, as it is understood in biology or economics. Behavioural altruism is defined in terms of its outcomes on individual fitness or well-being, whereas psychological altruism is about the internal motives respon ...
The4 - Homestead
... and its critical pressure this vision was brought under an increasing degree of philosophic awareness, and vice versa, with as a consequence a profound restructuralization of religious philosophy in this period of time. Along with such a radical revolution in thinking developed new forms of religiou ...
... and its critical pressure this vision was brought under an increasing degree of philosophic awareness, and vice versa, with as a consequence a profound restructuralization of religious philosophy in this period of time. Along with such a radical revolution in thinking developed new forms of religiou ...
Mimesis, Eros, and Mania
... than univocity is at play from the origin. From this our initiation in overdetermined astonishment, more determinate forms of thought and articulation come to be shaped, as we seek the intelligibilities of what is there at play in the milieu. Once again this is all “in the midst,” even though here a ...
... than univocity is at play from the origin. From this our initiation in overdetermined astonishment, more determinate forms of thought and articulation come to be shaped, as we seek the intelligibilities of what is there at play in the milieu. Once again this is all “in the midst,” even though here a ...
The Futility of any Anti-Metaphysical Position
... The influences of David Hume and Auguste Comte on the logical positivists cannot be over emphasized. It is perhaps, following Comte’s positivism that Rudolf Carnap asserts that metaphysics is an expression of an attitude toward life. Metaphysics he says, originated from mythology. The daily fears of ...
... The influences of David Hume and Auguste Comte on the logical positivists cannot be over emphasized. It is perhaps, following Comte’s positivism that Rudolf Carnap asserts that metaphysics is an expression of an attitude toward life. Metaphysics he says, originated from mythology. The daily fears of ...
The New Organon
... and which looked forward to Robert Boyle’s and Robert Hooke’s experiments with air-pumps in the s. It is an extraordinary attempt to give formal shape to a rapidly emerging (but hitherto largely problem-driven and ad hoc) new experimentally based science. ...
... and which looked forward to Robert Boyle’s and Robert Hooke’s experiments with air-pumps in the s. It is an extraordinary attempt to give formal shape to a rapidly emerging (but hitherto largely problem-driven and ad hoc) new experimentally based science. ...
Annas, Aristotle Kant and the Stoics
... The corollary of this for practical reasoning is drastic: only virtue is cho sen, while the preferred indifferents are selected. This is an artificial distinc tion which the Stoics introduce to underline the difference in kind of value between virtue and the preferred indifferents: s If I decide t ...
... The corollary of this for practical reasoning is drastic: only virtue is cho sen, while the preferred indifferents are selected. This is an artificial distinc tion which the Stoics introduce to underline the difference in kind of value between virtue and the preferred indifferents: s If I decide t ...
1 Adaptation - Assets - Cambridge University Press
... may be good at levering lids from paint tins, but that is not what the screwdriver is for – that is not its function – because the screwdriver was not designed to lift lids from paint tins. Williams’s definition expresses his view that adaptations are traits that are for something. For Williams, ther ...
... may be good at levering lids from paint tins, but that is not what the screwdriver is for – that is not its function – because the screwdriver was not designed to lift lids from paint tins. Williams’s definition expresses his view that adaptations are traits that are for something. For Williams, ther ...
Science and Spirituality - Spiritual Heritage Education Network Inc.
... have a clear idea about what they want their children to inherit. While their drive to better their educational and financial prospects, which brought them to these countries in the first place, is still alive, nevertheless, it is eclipsed by their desire to seek a deeper meaning to their lives and ...
... have a clear idea about what they want their children to inherit. While their drive to better their educational and financial prospects, which brought them to these countries in the first place, is still alive, nevertheless, it is eclipsed by their desire to seek a deeper meaning to their lives and ...
The Hollow of Being. What can we learn from Maurice Merleau
... In the last decade, the study of consciousness has established itself as a new line of scientific research. Even though philosophers were concerned with the topic for centuries and it was still present in the beginnings of scientific psychology, after the advent of behaviorism for a long period consci ...
... In the last decade, the study of consciousness has established itself as a new line of scientific research. Even though philosophers were concerned with the topic for centuries and it was still present in the beginnings of scientific psychology, after the advent of behaviorism for a long period consci ...
Proposal for Progress
... as a kind of ‘geological fatalism’: ‘the oft-heard refrain that life will go on, with us or without us, and that at the end of the day it doesn’t really matter’ (Lynas, 2007: 257– ...
... as a kind of ‘geological fatalism’: ‘the oft-heard refrain that life will go on, with us or without us, and that at the end of the day it doesn’t really matter’ (Lynas, 2007: 257– ...
The Pythagorean Symbolism in Plato`s Philebus
... relation to such a number (25a-b). Socrates adds a third class to these, which "puts an end to the differences between opposites and makes them commensurable and harmonious by introduction of Number" (25d-e). The mixture of elements from the Limited and Unlimited, in appropriate combination, produce ...
... relation to such a number (25a-b). Socrates adds a third class to these, which "puts an end to the differences between opposites and makes them commensurable and harmonious by introduction of Number" (25d-e). The mixture of elements from the Limited and Unlimited, in appropriate combination, produce ...
Helena Siipi - UTU Research Portal
... entities are divided into natural and unnatural ones, and everything is taken to be either natural or unnatural (or to escape the definition). (Siipi 2008: 77; Varner 1998: 125-6; Attfield 1999: 15-16.) (Un)naturalness is understood as an all-or-nothing affair, for example, when unnaturalness is ass ...
... entities are divided into natural and unnatural ones, and everything is taken to be either natural or unnatural (or to escape the definition). (Siipi 2008: 77; Varner 1998: 125-6; Attfield 1999: 15-16.) (Un)naturalness is understood as an all-or-nothing affair, for example, when unnaturalness is ass ...
D. C. Schindler Plato`s Critique of Impure Reason: On Goodness
... out until later, Schindler incorporates the Protagoras of the Theaetetus into the discussion. For Schindler, Protagoras’ thesis pace knowledge that man is the measure is analogical to the same thesis, pace justice, with reference to Thrasymachus. So, even though Thrasymachus is explicit only about t ...
... out until later, Schindler incorporates the Protagoras of the Theaetetus into the discussion. For Schindler, Protagoras’ thesis pace knowledge that man is the measure is analogical to the same thesis, pace justice, with reference to Thrasymachus. So, even though Thrasymachus is explicit only about t ...
Natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural sciences.From the ancient world, starting with Aristotle, to the 19th century, the term ""natural philosophy"" was the common term used to describe the practice of studying nature. It was in the 19th century that the concept of ""science"" received its modern shape with new titles emerging such as ""biology"" and ""biologist"", ""physics"" and ""physicist"" among other technical fields and titles; institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. Isaac Newton's book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), whose title translates to ""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"", reflects the then-current use of the words ""natural philosophy"", akin to ""systematic study of nature"". Even in the 19th century, a treatise by Lord Kelvin and Peter Guthrie Tait's, which helped define much of modern physics, was titled Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867).In the German tradition, naturphilosophie or nature philosophy persisted into the 18th and 19th century as an attempt to achieve a speculative unity of nature and spirit. Some of the greatest names in German philosophy are associated with this movement, including Spinoza, Goethe, Hegel and Schelling.