this PDF file - Lexicon Philosophicum
... what Aristotle previously demonstrated. As is known, Aristotle in Metaphysics Γ 4-6 proves by refutation the validity of the principle of noncontradiction. Alexander refers to the meaning of this principle with the expression “it is not possible for the contraries to simultaneously exist”. In this w ...
... what Aristotle previously demonstrated. As is known, Aristotle in Metaphysics Γ 4-6 proves by refutation the validity of the principle of noncontradiction. Alexander refers to the meaning of this principle with the expression “it is not possible for the contraries to simultaneously exist”. In this w ...
Ancient and medival philosophy of dreams
... which interact and gather to constitute visible, ordinary objects. These objects emit a continuous stream of images, or films, or effluences. Perception arises from the impact of these images on the sensory organs, whereas thought occurs when images penetrate the pores of the body, bypassing the sen ...
... which interact and gather to constitute visible, ordinary objects. These objects emit a continuous stream of images, or films, or effluences. Perception arises from the impact of these images on the sensory organs, whereas thought occurs when images penetrate the pores of the body, bypassing the sen ...
Epoch: Heidegger and the Happening of History
... Now, according to Heidegger, being (or the meaningful presence that things can have) has fallen into ‘oblivion’ since the time of the Ancient Greeks. This is so because the ontological difference between being and beings (between things and their meaningful presence to human understanding and intere ...
... Now, according to Heidegger, being (or the meaningful presence that things can have) has fallen into ‘oblivion’ since the time of the Ancient Greeks. This is so because the ontological difference between being and beings (between things and their meaningful presence to human understanding and intere ...
Aristotle`s Account of the Virtue of Courage in
... avoid death (or wounds or pain), and (b) there is also no way to achieve a worthwhile objective. Courageous action requires either hope of safety, or hope of success, or both. It follows that according to Aristotle, the Spartans at Thermopole could display courage even though they knew that they we ...
... avoid death (or wounds or pain), and (b) there is also no way to achieve a worthwhile objective. Courageous action requires either hope of safety, or hope of success, or both. It follows that according to Aristotle, the Spartans at Thermopole could display courage even though they knew that they we ...
Nietzsche Against the Philosophical Canon
... them. Talk of “practical reason,” Nietzsche says, was “invented precisely for those cases where reason has nothing to do with it” (A:12). But even in the domain of theoretical reason, philosophy fares not much better, since theoretical reason, especially in the guise of philosophical metaphysics, i ...
... them. Talk of “practical reason,” Nietzsche says, was “invented precisely for those cases where reason has nothing to do with it” (A:12). But even in the domain of theoretical reason, philosophy fares not much better, since theoretical reason, especially in the guise of philosophical metaphysics, i ...
Dewey`s Concepts of Stability and Precariousness - Purdue e-Pubs
... it searches out consciously new kinds of things by varying the conditions within which objects interact and hence opens up the possibility of finding novel kinds (new stable means) by means of such variation.17 The modern scientific method, unlike Aristotelian scientific method, does not consider an ob ...
... it searches out consciously new kinds of things by varying the conditions within which objects interact and hence opens up the possibility of finding novel kinds (new stable means) by means of such variation.17 The modern scientific method, unlike Aristotelian scientific method, does not consider an ob ...
problemsofphilosophy
... want to know what they are; but the philosopher's wish to know this is stronger than the practical man's, and is more troubled by knowledge as to the difficulties of answering the question. To return to the table. It is evident from what we have found, that there is no colour which pre-eminently app ...
... want to know what they are; but the philosopher's wish to know this is stronger than the practical man's, and is more troubled by knowledge as to the difficulties of answering the question. To return to the table. It is evident from what we have found, that there is no colour which pre-eminently app ...
Morality - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web Space at
... some individual subscribes. Moralities are identified socially or psychologically, via their acceptance by some individual or group. They are thus items that can be studied by the empirical social sciences, understood broadly, perhaps, to include empathic or hermeneutic Verstehen no less than detach ...
... some individual subscribes. Moralities are identified socially or psychologically, via their acceptance by some individual or group. They are thus items that can be studied by the empirical social sciences, understood broadly, perhaps, to include empathic or hermeneutic Verstehen no less than detach ...
A Conception of Philosophical Progress
... of the philosophical enterprise. For example, if I claim that realism is the best position and you claim idealism, relativism, anti-realism or even scepticism is the best position, we cannot resolve the dispute by appealing to ‘the truth of the matter’, as one of the things we are disagreeing about ...
... of the philosophical enterprise. For example, if I claim that realism is the best position and you claim idealism, relativism, anti-realism or even scepticism is the best position, we cannot resolve the dispute by appealing to ‘the truth of the matter’, as one of the things we are disagreeing about ...
Gideon Manning DESCARTES` HEALTHY MACHINES AND THE
... noting is the work of Anne Bitbol-Hespériès who, in her edition of the Traité de l’homme and chapter two of her Le Principle de Vie Chez Descartes, traces the origin of many of the physiological descriptions Descartes offers. Bitbol-Hespériès even concludes that Descartes had at his disposal all the ...
... noting is the work of Anne Bitbol-Hespériès who, in her edition of the Traité de l’homme and chapter two of her Le Principle de Vie Chez Descartes, traces the origin of many of the physiological descriptions Descartes offers. Bitbol-Hespériès even concludes that Descartes had at his disposal all the ...
Finding Consistency in Rousseau
... It would at first seem that men in that state [of nature], having neither moral relations of any sort between them, nor known duties, could be neither good or wicked, and had neither vices nor virtues … [But] let us not conclude with Hobbes that because he had no idea of goodness, man is naturally w ...
... It would at first seem that men in that state [of nature], having neither moral relations of any sort between them, nor known duties, could be neither good or wicked, and had neither vices nor virtues … [But] let us not conclude with Hobbes that because he had no idea of goodness, man is naturally w ...
THE LEGACY OF AHITĀGNI RAJWADE
... literature and the arts, Western philosophy and modern science. Following a dominant strand of the Indian philosophical tradition, most of his publications were presented in an exegetical or commentarial mode. However, this format should not be taken to indicate an absence of original thinking and i ...
... literature and the arts, Western philosophy and modern science. Following a dominant strand of the Indian philosophical tradition, most of his publications were presented in an exegetical or commentarial mode. However, this format should not be taken to indicate an absence of original thinking and i ...
Knowledge and Reality in the Vedanta School with emphasis on
... duality set up between self and the world, between spirit and matter, is the result of illusion (maya), or of ignorance (avidya). It is important to note the negative form of this philosophical term. It would have been easy to find a positive term if it has been tried to assert dogmatically the onen ...
... duality set up between self and the world, between spirit and matter, is the result of illusion (maya), or of ignorance (avidya). It is important to note the negative form of this philosophical term. It would have been easy to find a positive term if it has been tried to assert dogmatically the onen ...
ABSOLUTE - Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu
... and the One is the highest measure of everything. The Absolute — the One (the Good) determines the Dyad at different levels and creates being, the knowability of each thing, the intellect and the value of each thing. It is the cause of the universe in rightness and beauty, the source of truth and re ...
... and the One is the highest measure of everything. The Absolute — the One (the Good) determines the Dyad at different levels and creates being, the knowability of each thing, the intellect and the value of each thing. It is the cause of the universe in rightness and beauty, the source of truth and re ...
The Four-Color Theorem and its Philosophical Significance
... that we surveyed leaves no room for doubt. So it is with all mathematical proofs; to say that they can be surveyed is to say that they can be definitively checked by members of the mathematical community. Of course, some surveyable proofs are very long. They might take months for even a trained math ...
... that we surveyed leaves no room for doubt. So it is with all mathematical proofs; to say that they can be surveyed is to say that they can be definitively checked by members of the mathematical community. Of course, some surveyable proofs are very long. They might take months for even a trained math ...
Aristotle`s Theory of the Assertoric Syllogism
... the actual basis of syllogistic validity. It might appear that all validity is based on the perfect syllogisms to which all others are reduced (as we will see below). But the basis of the validity of the perfect syllogisms is not their perfection: that explains their self-evidence, as described abov ...
... the actual basis of syllogistic validity. It might appear that all validity is based on the perfect syllogisms to which all others are reduced (as we will see below). But the basis of the validity of the perfect syllogisms is not their perfection: that explains their self-evidence, as described abov ...
Dialectic and Dialogue in Plato: Revisiting the Image of "Socrates
... questions, by leading discussions, by helping students to raise their minds up from a state of understanding and appreciating less to a state of understanding and appreciating more” (p. 29). The “Socratic method” in education, which presupposes the view of Socrates-as-teacher, “refers to someone who ...
... questions, by leading discussions, by helping students to raise their minds up from a state of understanding and appreciating less to a state of understanding and appreciating more” (p. 29). The “Socratic method” in education, which presupposes the view of Socrates-as-teacher, “refers to someone who ...
Analyzing Plato`s Arguments
... In the case of a real enthymeme how does an interpreter choose among the various possibilities? He continues to invoke the principle of charity. If the proposition expressed by one possible premise seems to the interpreter to be more reasonable than the proposition expressed by another, the interpre ...
... In the case of a real enthymeme how does an interpreter choose among the various possibilities? He continues to invoke the principle of charity. If the proposition expressed by one possible premise seems to the interpreter to be more reasonable than the proposition expressed by another, the interpre ...
Fodor, 2007. Why pigs don`t have wings.
... notice that something may be seriously wrong in this part of the wood. Their 1979 paper, ‘The Spandrels of S. Marco and The Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme’, ignited an argument about the foundations of selection theory that still shows no signs of quieting. A spandre ...
... notice that something may be seriously wrong in this part of the wood. Their 1979 paper, ‘The Spandrels of S. Marco and The Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme’, ignited an argument about the foundations of selection theory that still shows no signs of quieting. A spandre ...
Jean-jacques rousseau (1712-1778 )
... Rousseau’s view here obviously contrasts with Hobbes for placing ourselves under a sovereign as in Hobbes’ conception would be inconsistent with freedom since the sovereign will be giving us the law his view also contrasts with Locke’s majority rule system since the minority would not be truly free ...
... Rousseau’s view here obviously contrasts with Hobbes for placing ourselves under a sovereign as in Hobbes’ conception would be inconsistent with freedom since the sovereign will be giving us the law his view also contrasts with Locke’s majority rule system since the minority would not be truly free ...
A discussion of Aristotle`s De Anima
... I would also be interested in discussing the Iliad or Hesiod’s Theogony and Works and Days. A final suggestion from Austin would be Plato’s Parmenides, on which I’m currently having a seminar and which is ridiculously weird and insane about halfway through the dialogue. It also has a very rich drama ...
... I would also be interested in discussing the Iliad or Hesiod’s Theogony and Works and Days. A final suggestion from Austin would be Plato’s Parmenides, on which I’m currently having a seminar and which is ridiculously weird and insane about halfway through the dialogue. It also has a very rich drama ...
aristotle`s poetics - U
... The previous two chapters ha ve shown how two prominent aspects of Aristotle's theory of tragedy reflect the relevant areas of his ethical and psychological philosophy- first, the relation between action and character, which reproduces the general primacy of activity over states in the moral Iife; s ...
... The previous two chapters ha ve shown how two prominent aspects of Aristotle's theory of tragedy reflect the relevant areas of his ethical and psychological philosophy- first, the relation between action and character, which reproduces the general primacy of activity over states in the moral Iife; s ...
Object-oriented philosophy and the comprehension of
... 4. A principle of pragmatic definition of reality. Firstly, there is the principle of irreduction found in the book Irreductions (Latour, 1984/2001), which states that everything is related and attached to everything else due to mediation. The way actors interact with each other translates their int ...
... 4. A principle of pragmatic definition of reality. Firstly, there is the principle of irreduction found in the book Irreductions (Latour, 1984/2001), which states that everything is related and attached to everything else due to mediation. The way actors interact with each other translates their int ...
MSWord
... epistemological view that is often taken to be a consequence of such a metaphysical view. This is the claim, roughly, that scientific knowledge is the form of knowledge, and scientific understanding is the only kind of understanding that deserves the name.2 “Philosophy is not one of the natural scie ...
... epistemological view that is often taken to be a consequence of such a metaphysical view. This is the claim, roughly, that scientific knowledge is the form of knowledge, and scientific understanding is the only kind of understanding that deserves the name.2 “Philosophy is not one of the natural scie ...
HERMENEUTICAL PARADOXES IN THE TRIAL OF SOCRATES A. Ladikos
... virtue is knowiedge, is important to the Platonic commentator since it expresses the central point of the ethical theory developed by Plato out of the dictums of Socrates. It is also significant to the moral philosopher because that ethical theory has been defended and aUacked on a continuous basis ...
... virtue is knowiedge, is important to the Platonic commentator since it expresses the central point of the ethical theory developed by Plato out of the dictums of Socrates. It is also significant to the moral philosopher because that ethical theory has been defended and aUacked on a continuous basis ...
Natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural sciences.From the ancient world, starting with Aristotle, to the 19th century, the term ""natural philosophy"" was the common term used to describe the practice of studying nature. It was in the 19th century that the concept of ""science"" received its modern shape with new titles emerging such as ""biology"" and ""biologist"", ""physics"" and ""physicist"" among other technical fields and titles; institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. Isaac Newton's book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), whose title translates to ""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"", reflects the then-current use of the words ""natural philosophy"", akin to ""systematic study of nature"". Even in the 19th century, a treatise by Lord Kelvin and Peter Guthrie Tait's, which helped define much of modern physics, was titled Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867).In the German tradition, naturphilosophie or nature philosophy persisted into the 18th and 19th century as an attempt to achieve a speculative unity of nature and spirit. Some of the greatest names in German philosophy are associated with this movement, including Spinoza, Goethe, Hegel and Schelling.