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... reflected in the Socratic method — a sort of philosophical dialogue and examination, which takes the form of a dialektike. Dialectic method involves some “other” (self or idea) — some sort of opposition or contrariety, between the various thinkers in the process. It is reasonable to say that both Co ...
Paper version
Paper version

... If you believe an action is morally wrong, then you should have the courage of your convictions and say the same action is wrong everywhere. The similarities among people around the world outweigh the differences; all people agree on basic moral judgments, even if they disagree about superficial sty ...
epistemological puzzles alexandru anghelescu, laurenţiu rozylowicz
epistemological puzzles alexandru anghelescu, laurenţiu rozylowicz

... here one presupposition of evolutionism: that there was a start, whether the start of the universe (the BingBang or whatever), or of life (or both). What if there was no start at all? Here we notice another deep presupposition of these scientists: everything has to have a beginning (and an end?). Th ...
The Pythagorean Symbolism in Plato`s Philebus
The Pythagorean Symbolism in Plato`s Philebus

... Philebus’ assertion that it is the Good. According to Socrates, all phenomena characterised by grades of intensity, e.g. pleasure and pain, belong to the Unlimited. Number, Measure and Knowledge fall within the Limited and are superior.5 This division in the Philebus recalls the Pythagorean Table of ...
Introduction to Metaphysical Terms
Introduction to Metaphysical Terms

... properties. ...
Aristotle - Start.ca
Aristotle - Start.ca

... i.e. it is not a fixed goal that we can arrive at in the way we arrive at our destination at the end of a trip; it is a characteristic that accompanies certain activities as we do them  in that sense, happiness is like other characteristics of our lives; e.g. persistence. A student who pursues the ...
Traditional Western View
Traditional Western View

... Some feminist philosophers repudiate the traditional rationalist view and reject reason as the basis of human nature. Others agree that reason is primary and say the view only needs to be modified to remove gender bias and to acknowledge that reason is gender neutral. ...
Epistemology, introduction
Epistemology, introduction

... may be called individual constructivism. It assumes that an individual attempts to reach coherence among the different pieces of knowledge. Constructions that are inconsistent with the bulk of other knowledge that the individual has will tend to be rejected. Constructions that succeed in integratin ...
Milton`s Attitude toward Knowledge in Paradise Lost
Milton`s Attitude toward Knowledge in Paradise Lost

... by “lik’ning spiritual to corporal forms.” But he cannot delineate it all, for there ...
ArtAndRepresentation
ArtAndRepresentation

... themselves when they think their desires are opposed to their interests, so too must we after the manner of lovers give her up, though not without a struggle. We too are inspired by that love of poetry which the education of noble States has implanted in us, and therefore we would have her appear at ...
What is Human Nature?
What is Human Nature?

... Genevieve Lloyd suggests that the issue is even more fundamental and may be near impossible to resolve. Read your text on page 73 carefully!! We will discuss this passage in class next week. ...
Why Didn╎t Plato Just Write Arguments? The Role of Image
Why Didn╎t Plato Just Write Arguments? The Role of Image

... Socrates' comrades in the jail cell will soon witness will be another event entirely. Simmias admits that both he and Cebes have wanted to ask a question, but were hesitant on account of Socrates' "present misfortune" (84d). Simmias therefore prefaces his objection with the following palliative: I t ...
THE UNDERLYING MOTIVES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENT
THE UNDERLYING MOTIVES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENT

... proponents, such as Locke, Hobbes, Hume and Bentham (Souryal 2011: 127). Bentham (Souryal 2011: 167) advocated an ethical theory based on psychological hedonism in terms of which all persons are motivated by pleasure or pain. The principle of self-preference determines pleasure to be the goal of all ...
considerations on knowledge philosophy during the
considerations on knowledge philosophy during the

... experiment exists, its results are presented using a cryptic mystical-religious language. This urges Ioan Petru Culianu to elaborate, in his work called Jocurile Minţii (Culianu, 2002), on the fact that renaissant sciences enjoyed a special yet solid epistemology, which relied on founding principles ...
Philosophical axioms of
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... disclosed through language • Language (spoken/subverbalized) an adequate “truth tool” [logical reasoning is an intrinsically discursive] “Knowledge” a function of real structures – People are, in a sense, incidental to philosophy – Philosophy is a-historical ...
Test fall 2006 for TOK1024
Test fall 2006 for TOK1024

... Give an example of a metaphysical question, and try to answer it shortly, with your own words. 6. (6 points) Philosophy of science! The project of the logical positivists and Karl R Popper was to draw a line between what they called real science one on hand and on the other hand, metaphysics and / o ...
EMPIRICISM John Locke`s Radical Empiricism Contents Ideas
EMPIRICISM John Locke`s Radical Empiricism Contents Ideas

... and solubility in aqua regia, which make our complex idea signi ed by the word gold.” This claim was much more in uential when Hume repeated it 50 years later. ...
Belief, Truth, & Knowledge
Belief, Truth, & Knowledge

... Very seductive because it can often serve as a very persuasive excuse for very bad behaviour ...
Introduction to Philosophy Test #2 Study Sheet Test: June 23, 2010
Introduction to Philosophy Test #2 Study Sheet Test: June 23, 2010

... passage and show how what is said relates to this context and why what is said is important. Your explanations should be at least 3 times longer than the passage itself. 1. ‘Suppose a person, though endowed with the strongest faculties of reason and reflection, to be brought on a sudden into this wo ...
Quiz1 - Ryerson University
Quiz1 - Ryerson University

... what we claim to know was: (a) To reject everything that we believed beforehand. (b) To reject everything that Aristotle had to say. (c) To reject every belief for which there was even the slightest doubt. (d) None of the above. ...
SESSION I: The Social Sciences and the Human Sciences: A
SESSION I: The Social Sciences and the Human Sciences: A

... Merleau-Ponty wrote a Phenomenology of Perception, a title bearing significance in and of itself, given its contraposition to Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. In his work, Merleau-Ponty considered that two rival errors – positivist empiricism and reflexive idealism – were obstacles to an effective d ...
Advances in Environmental Biology  Mohammad Rezaei Afkham
Advances in Environmental Biology Mohammad Rezaei Afkham

... understanding”. It is said over and over that one of the complicated issues which has been concerned by the scientist is the issue of how human science is formed. That is how human being understands something. How perception is gained and by what means, how they are real and how much they are compat ...
Universals - The Metaphysicist
Universals - The Metaphysicist

... The “problem of universals” is the existential status of a given shared property. Does the one universal property exist apart from the many instances in particular objects? Plato thought it does. Aristotle thought it does not. Consider the property having the color red. Is there an abstract concept ...
Lec 9 - Ursula Stange
Lec 9 - Ursula Stange

...  The truth of the world is not physical -- but it is intelligible -- if you look in the right place with the right frame of mind  All things emanate from the One  The One creates things like itself – souls  And things not like itself -- matter -------------------Neoplatonism  Neo-Platonism revi ...
alphabet of human thought
alphabet of human thought

... - There is innate knowledge: we know things that we could not have learned, things are learned NOT just from experience, so the soul must have understood them for all time - “learning is remembering” (the play example, where the boy discusses the square and its length/area) - Plato’s problem: how ca ...
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Plato's Problem



Plato's Problem is the term given by Noam Chomsky to the gap between knowledge and experience. It presents the question of how we account for our knowledge when environmental conditions seem to be an insufficient source of information. It is used in linguistics to refer to the ""argument from poverty of the stimulus"" (APS). In a more general sense, Plato's Problem refers to the problem of explaining a ""lack of input"". Solving Plato's Problem involves explaining the gap between what one knows and the apparent lack of substantive input from experience (the environment). Plato's Problem is most clearly illustrated in the Meno dialogue, in which Socrates demonstrates that an uneducated boy nevertheless understands geometric principles.
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