Catalysis Web Pages for Pre-University
... Rates of reactions and catalysis An understanding of catalysis must start with an understanding of reactions and the factors that determine how fast reactions occur, if they occur at all. For two chemicals react they must collide with sufficient energy. Most collisions between particles have insuff ...
... Rates of reactions and catalysis An understanding of catalysis must start with an understanding of reactions and the factors that determine how fast reactions occur, if they occur at all. For two chemicals react they must collide with sufficient energy. Most collisions between particles have insuff ...
Microsoft Word
... The reaction of an aldehyde with nitromethane in the presence of a chiral guanidine gave the expected nitroaldol product in 14-59% yield, albeit with low enantioselectivity (2-10% ee). Section B. The catalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction. To the best of our knowledge, there is a sole study ...
... The reaction of an aldehyde with nitromethane in the presence of a chiral guanidine gave the expected nitroaldol product in 14-59% yield, albeit with low enantioselectivity (2-10% ee). Section B. The catalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction. To the best of our knowledge, there is a sole study ...
H - CashmereChemistry
... Soluble in non polar solvents Don’t conduct – no free electrons Float on water because H2O is polar and more dense Boiling/melting point increases with chain length because as molecular mass increases the intermolecular forces between molecules increases All alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons becaus ...
... Soluble in non polar solvents Don’t conduct – no free electrons Float on water because H2O is polar and more dense Boiling/melting point increases with chain length because as molecular mass increases the intermolecular forces between molecules increases All alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons becaus ...
Chapter 20 Carbohydrates
... • Glycosides are stable in water and aqueous base, but like other acetals, are hydrolyzed in aqueous acid to an alcohol and a monosaccharide. • Glycosides are named by listing the alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen followed by the name of the carbohydrate in which the ending -e is replaced by ide. ...
... • Glycosides are stable in water and aqueous base, but like other acetals, are hydrolyzed in aqueous acid to an alcohol and a monosaccharide. • Glycosides are named by listing the alkyl or aryl group bonded to oxygen followed by the name of the carbohydrate in which the ending -e is replaced by ide. ...
Biology revision
... • Cracking is the process in which heavy oils are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight by heat or catalysis • Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. ...
... • Cracking is the process in which heavy oils are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight by heat or catalysis • Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. ...
Chapter 14
... 1˚ alcohol ---> aldehyde ---> carboxylic acid 2˚ alcohol ---> ketone 3˚ alcohol ---> No Reaction! Preparation of Alcohols Alcohols can be prepared in two major ways: Alkene hydration Ex.: CH2=CH2 + H2O ----> CH3CH2OH Addition of H2 to a carbonyl group ( C=O) Ex.: Aldehyde + H2 ----> 1˚ alcohol K ...
... 1˚ alcohol ---> aldehyde ---> carboxylic acid 2˚ alcohol ---> ketone 3˚ alcohol ---> No Reaction! Preparation of Alcohols Alcohols can be prepared in two major ways: Alkene hydration Ex.: CH2=CH2 + H2O ----> CH3CH2OH Addition of H2 to a carbonyl group ( C=O) Ex.: Aldehyde + H2 ----> 1˚ alcohol K ...
Lab 7
... The reagents in Table 1 all contain a transition metal, either chromium(VI) or manganese(VII), that can be reduced. Pyridinium chlorochromate, PCC, is a modified form of chromic acid. PCC can be used in an organic solvent. The combination of an organic solvent and the presence of pyridine decreases ...
... The reagents in Table 1 all contain a transition metal, either chromium(VI) or manganese(VII), that can be reduced. Pyridinium chlorochromate, PCC, is a modified form of chromic acid. PCC can be used in an organic solvent. The combination of an organic solvent and the presence of pyridine decreases ...
1 Lecture 24: Carbohydrates I
... 3. When the C=O group is at the very end it's an Aldose. When the C=O group is at the 2nd position it's called an Ketose. 4. Note that the aldose glyceraldehyde has a chiral center and therefore exists in D and L forms, or mirror images of each other. The D form predominates in nature. 5. Additional ...
... 3. When the C=O group is at the very end it's an Aldose. When the C=O group is at the 2nd position it's called an Ketose. 4. Note that the aldose glyceraldehyde has a chiral center and therefore exists in D and L forms, or mirror images of each other. The D form predominates in nature. 5. Additional ...
Chapter 9
... • The number of carbon atoms in a straightchain _________ affects the state of alkane at room temperature. ...
... • The number of carbon atoms in a straightchain _________ affects the state of alkane at room temperature. ...
Carboxylic Acids
... Electron withdrawing groups can increase acid strength by weakening the OH bond and stabilizing the acid anion. The positive inductive effect of E-groups is very small through more than two or three carbon-carbon bonds. Electron donating groups reduce the partially positive charge of carboxyl carbon ...
... Electron withdrawing groups can increase acid strength by weakening the OH bond and stabilizing the acid anion. The positive inductive effect of E-groups is very small through more than two or three carbon-carbon bonds. Electron donating groups reduce the partially positive charge of carboxyl carbon ...
02A naming alkane alkene alkyne 2
... 3. Identify the prefix. • If there is only one substituent, do not use the “1”. • If there is more than one substituent, you must use all numbers, including “1”! • If there are two or more side groups, the numbering must start with a side group and then proceed in the direction that gives the lowest ...
... 3. Identify the prefix. • If there is only one substituent, do not use the “1”. • If there is more than one substituent, you must use all numbers, including “1”! • If there are two or more side groups, the numbering must start with a side group and then proceed in the direction that gives the lowest ...
chap 4 org chem
... Will readily bond with itself (C) with – or = bonds (single, double or even triple) Also bonds with H – O = N, P, & S Forms long chains or backbones of organic molecules Carbon will always have four lines connecting to other atoms. ...
... Will readily bond with itself (C) with – or = bonds (single, double or even triple) Also bonds with H – O = N, P, & S Forms long chains or backbones of organic molecules Carbon will always have four lines connecting to other atoms. ...
Exam 3 - Chemistry
... (5 pts) The SN1/SN2/E1/E2 reactions you have learned are very important for the understanding of biochemistry. One step in the urea cycle for ridding an organism of ammonia is the conversion of argin ...
... (5 pts) The SN1/SN2/E1/E2 reactions you have learned are very important for the understanding of biochemistry. One step in the urea cycle for ridding an organism of ammonia is the conversion of argin ...
Chapter 12 –Part 2 Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with
... carbanions and they are therefore very strong bases è They react readily with hydrogen atoms attached to oxygen, nitro gen or sulfur, or any compound with acidic hydrogens ...
... carbanions and they are therefore very strong bases è They react readily with hydrogen atoms attached to oxygen, nitro gen or sulfur, or any compound with acidic hydrogens ...
Chapter 11: Alcohols and Ethers
... • Alkylation (Ether Formation) Protects OH’s During Synthesis • Can Remove the Protecting Group w/ Dilute Aqueous Acid • Generally Dissolve Alcohol in Acid, THEN add Isobutylene • Addition in this Manner Minimizes Isobutylene Dimerization • Let’s See Why We Might Want to Use a Protecting Group ...
... • Alkylation (Ether Formation) Protects OH’s During Synthesis • Can Remove the Protecting Group w/ Dilute Aqueous Acid • Generally Dissolve Alcohol in Acid, THEN add Isobutylene • Addition in this Manner Minimizes Isobutylene Dimerization • Let’s See Why We Might Want to Use a Protecting Group ...
C 2 H 5 OH(l)
... It may be surprising that water needs such vigorous conditions to react with ethene. It is a highly polar molecule and you would expect it to be a good electrophile. ...
... It may be surprising that water needs such vigorous conditions to react with ethene. It is a highly polar molecule and you would expect it to be a good electrophile. ...
Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond. Alkene, olefin, and olefine are used often interchangeably (see nomenclature section below). Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as mono-enes, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n. Alkenes have two hydrogen atoms less than the corresponding alkane (with the same number of carbon atoms). The simplest alkene, ethylene (C2H4), which has the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name ethene is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, but their structure and properties are different and they are not considered to be alkenes.