The prevention and eradication of smallpox
... eventual control of smallpox epidemics culminating in the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1977, officially proclaimed by WHO in 1980. Here, we discuss the significance of variolation and vaccination with respect to scientific, public health and ethical controversies concerning these ‘weapons of ...
... eventual control of smallpox epidemics culminating in the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1977, officially proclaimed by WHO in 1980. Here, we discuss the significance of variolation and vaccination with respect to scientific, public health and ethical controversies concerning these ‘weapons of ...
For influenza B
... – Could limit emergence of resistance Maximises suppression of virus replication – significantly reduces virus excretion in the throat and nasopharynx1 – Could limit spread of virus from respiratory tract Zanamivir associated with significantly more rapid reduction in viral shedding vs placebo withi ...
... – Could limit emergence of resistance Maximises suppression of virus replication – significantly reduces virus excretion in the throat and nasopharynx1 – Could limit spread of virus from respiratory tract Zanamivir associated with significantly more rapid reduction in viral shedding vs placebo withi ...
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, Bangalore
... as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in con ...
... as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in con ...
Antiretroviral Therapy and the Liver
... Preventing pre-existing anti-vector immunity from limiting vaccine efficacy • Okairos search for novel adenoviral strains in chimpanzees worldwide • Goals: Discover adenoviral vectors that are • Highly immunogenic • Easily manufactured to high titers • Not stimulating cross reactive immunity (human ...
... Preventing pre-existing anti-vector immunity from limiting vaccine efficacy • Okairos search for novel adenoviral strains in chimpanzees worldwide • Goals: Discover adenoviral vectors that are • Highly immunogenic • Easily manufactured to high titers • Not stimulating cross reactive immunity (human ...
NI Pirogov National Medical University
... group and ECHO, are characterized by numerous clinical manifestations, often, CNS, musculoskeletal system, myocardium, and skin manifestations. The disease is well established in Europe, North America and other countries. Often occurs sporadically and rarely epidemiological morbidity. In some cases ...
... group and ECHO, are characterized by numerous clinical manifestations, often, CNS, musculoskeletal system, myocardium, and skin manifestations. The disease is well established in Europe, North America and other countries. Often occurs sporadically and rarely epidemiological morbidity. In some cases ...
PDF
... within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. A general separation ...
... within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. A general separation ...
... during pregnancy,5 but for HSV-2-seronegative women with HSV-2-seropositive partners, the risk is approximately 20%.6,7 Nevertheless, genital herpes is underdiagnosed, mainly because its manifestations are usually subclinical. Remarkably, up to 90% of people with genital herpes do not know that they ...
Tick-borne encephalitis transmitted by unpasteurised cow milk in
... If we assumed that the number of infected cases would be three times the number of symptomatic cases, and re-calculated RRs according to this assumption, the point estimates would not change but RRs for consuming raw milk would reach statistical significance: RR:2.45 (1.03–5.82) for confirmed cases ...
... If we assumed that the number of infected cases would be three times the number of symptomatic cases, and re-calculated RRs according to this assumption, the point estimates would not change but RRs for consuming raw milk would reach statistical significance: RR:2.45 (1.03–5.82) for confirmed cases ...
Global control of hepatitis C: where challenge meets opportunity
... Infection prevalence is global but uneven A major challenge to control of HCV infection is the large number of persons already infected and their location in some of the poorest regions of the world. In many cases, estimates are based on very limited data. The WHO recently revised its estimates such ...
... Infection prevalence is global but uneven A major challenge to control of HCV infection is the large number of persons already infected and their location in some of the poorest regions of the world. In many cases, estimates are based on very limited data. The WHO recently revised its estimates such ...
Evidence of widespread natural recombination among field isolates
... (Phi) test analyses (Fig. 3) indicate significant historical recombination events between the different ...
... (Phi) test analyses (Fig. 3) indicate significant historical recombination events between the different ...
Disaster Preparedness Scenario: Pandemic Influenza
... Weekly influenza activity estimates reported by state and territorial epidemiologists (activity levels indicate geographic spread of both seasonal and 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses, September 19, 2009 ...
... Weekly influenza activity estimates reported by state and territorial epidemiologists (activity levels indicate geographic spread of both seasonal and 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses, September 19, 2009 ...
WORLD SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION AND CATS
... immediately. Adult susceptible dogs may not necessarily develop disease; however, they will shed virus in their faeces and when susceptible pups (< 6 months of age) inhale or ingest this virus they often develop severe disease and many will die. Significantly, transmission not only occurs by direct ...
... immediately. Adult susceptible dogs may not necessarily develop disease; however, they will shed virus in their faeces and when susceptible pups (< 6 months of age) inhale or ingest this virus they often develop severe disease and many will die. Significantly, transmission not only occurs by direct ...
African horse sickness
... Centre in Animal Health, focusing on NDV, Pakistan, 7-18 Jul 2012 Peter Daniels chaired the Meeting of the ad hoc Group on Biosafety and Biosecurity in Veterinary laboratories at OIE Headquarters, France 14-21 July 2012 Chris Morrissy contributed to the OIE/FAO meeting on HPAI, Thailand, 16-18 July ...
... Centre in Animal Health, focusing on NDV, Pakistan, 7-18 Jul 2012 Peter Daniels chaired the Meeting of the ad hoc Group on Biosafety and Biosecurity in Veterinary laboratories at OIE Headquarters, France 14-21 July 2012 Chris Morrissy contributed to the OIE/FAO meeting on HPAI, Thailand, 16-18 July ...
Specific Antigenicity of Tumors and
... given i.p. and s.c. injections of undiluted murine leukemia virus within 48 hr after birth were used as tolerant rats. Friend and Rauscher virus-tolerant (2- to 3-monthold adult) rats received neonatal injections of Friend and Rauscher virus, and the treatment for both groups was the same. Gross vir ...
... given i.p. and s.c. injections of undiluted murine leukemia virus within 48 hr after birth were used as tolerant rats. Friend and Rauscher virus-tolerant (2- to 3-monthold adult) rats received neonatal injections of Friend and Rauscher virus, and the treatment for both groups was the same. Gross vir ...
Generic import risk analysis (IRA) for uncooked chicken meat Issues
... Until relatively recently, the importation of live birds, poultry meat and most poultry products into Australia was prohibited. Only canned poultry products, which met specified requirements in their preparation, were permitted. Conditions for cooked uncanned poultry meat from New Zealand, which has ...
... Until relatively recently, the importation of live birds, poultry meat and most poultry products into Australia was prohibited. Only canned poultry products, which met specified requirements in their preparation, were permitted. Conditions for cooked uncanned poultry meat from New Zealand, which has ...
Fitness Variations and their Impact on the Evolution of - retic-ris
... due to its rapid turnover, high mutation rate, and high frequency of recombination. Its remarkable genetic diversity plays a key role in virus adaptation, including development of drug resistance. The increasing complexity of antiretroviral regimens has favored selection of HIV variants harboring mu ...
... due to its rapid turnover, high mutation rate, and high frequency of recombination. Its remarkable genetic diversity plays a key role in virus adaptation, including development of drug resistance. The increasing complexity of antiretroviral regimens has favored selection of HIV variants harboring mu ...
IT Electives
... • it was further discovered in 1982 that people who were diagnosed with this unusual infection have developed another unusual infections and tumours and the kind of infections were named Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). is still not confirmed when the HIV started, however since the virus g ...
... • it was further discovered in 1982 that people who were diagnosed with this unusual infection have developed another unusual infections and tumours and the kind of infections were named Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). is still not confirmed when the HIV started, however since the virus g ...
Aedes aegypti from temperate regions of South - Arca
... Both DIR and viral titer in mosquito heads were markedly higher when BUE mosquitoes were incubated at 28°C than at 15°C and 20°C (Chi square test: p < 0.05) (Table 2, Figure 3). Intriguingly, viral dissemination was recorded both at 14 days pi in BUE mosquitoes exposed to 15°C and 20°C, although DIR ...
... Both DIR and viral titer in mosquito heads were markedly higher when BUE mosquitoes were incubated at 28°C than at 15°C and 20°C (Chi square test: p < 0.05) (Table 2, Figure 3). Intriguingly, viral dissemination was recorded both at 14 days pi in BUE mosquitoes exposed to 15°C and 20°C, although DIR ...
Detection on four continents of dengue fever
... from the Netherlands [5] and Brazil [6]. For a Brazilian travel-related case, the serotype identified was DENV2. Since then, there has been little information on the risk of dengue in Angola. This may represent an absence of disease activity, or a lack of awareness, diagnostic resources and active s ...
... from the Netherlands [5] and Brazil [6]. For a Brazilian travel-related case, the serotype identified was DENV2. Since then, there has been little information on the risk of dengue in Angola. This may represent an absence of disease activity, or a lack of awareness, diagnostic resources and active s ...
In search of hidden Q-fever outbreaks: linking syndromic
... in a relatively small rural area [6]. In 2008 and 2009, large outbreaks of Q fever recurred with increasing numbers of reported cases and an expanding geographic area [5, 7]. Dairy-goat farms are considered the most likely source of infection for these outbreaks, although evidence is still inconclus ...
... in a relatively small rural area [6]. In 2008 and 2009, large outbreaks of Q fever recurred with increasing numbers of reported cases and an expanding geographic area [5, 7]. Dairy-goat farms are considered the most likely source of infection for these outbreaks, although evidence is still inconclus ...
Henipavirus
Henipavirus is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing three established species: Hendra virus, Nipah virus and Cedar virus. The henipaviruses are naturally harboured by Pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes) and some microbat species. Henipavirus is characterised by a large genome, a wide host range, and their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans.In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known Henipaviruses were detected in Eidolon helvum (the African straw-colored fruit bat) in Ghana. The finding of these novel putative Henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of Henipaviruses extends to Africa.