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West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus

... A 1962 outbreak in france and a 1974 outbreak in South Africa had some patients were recognized as developing meningitis or encephalitis while many others simply developed mild febrile effects. Through the 70’s and 80’s, few large outbreaks were reported In 1996, an outbreak of WNV in Buchurest, Rom ...
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... Hemadsorbing viruses Orthomyxoviruses (influenza) and some paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza, measles, mumps) Insert viral glycoproteins (haemaglutinin) into host cell membrane. Promotes attachment of RBC of certain species (e.g guinea pig) to cell membrane. ...
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... may appear that the apocalypsehas arrived, the truth is that people today are not facing a unique predicament. Emerging diseaseshave long loomed like a shadow over the human race. Peopleand pathogenshave a long history together. Infections have been detectedin the bones of human ancestorsmore than a ...
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... outbreaks amongst other species such as chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, forest antelope being seen from time to time. Mode of Transmission Direct exposure to the bodily fluids of an infected person or animal (alive or dead), including unprotected sexual contact with confirmed cases up to seven weeks ...
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... et al., 1996). Vaccination by the parenteral route with live vaccines has been unsuccessful. In fact, in most cases, vaccinated cats developed a faster and more severe disease after challenge than control cats (reviewed by Olsen, 1993). This ‘ facilitation’ was linked to the antibody response agains ...
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... contact the state veterinarian in each state where you will be traveling to make sure you comply with their EIA test regulations. The state’s testing activity has reported a decrease in EIA incidences in Kentucky. Of more than 100,000 samples tested the past year, fewer than five infected animals we ...
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... is usually picked up by absorption of infectious blood through cuts and sores in the skin, by sexual intercourse or by sharing infected items such as razor blades, toothbrushes, needles and syringes. Procedures such as ear piercing and tattooing can also spread it. The commonest ways are through int ...
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Henipavirus



Henipavirus is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing three established species: Hendra virus, Nipah virus and Cedar virus. The henipaviruses are naturally harboured by Pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes) and some microbat species. Henipavirus is characterised by a large genome, a wide host range, and their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans.In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known Henipaviruses were detected in Eidolon helvum (the African straw-colored fruit bat) in Ghana. The finding of these novel putative Henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of Henipaviruses extends to Africa.
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