Herpes viruses
... • Interferon is the first line of defense. Then we have the humoral antibody (the neutralizing antibody). Then we have complementmediated lysis of infected cells. The neutralizing antibodies can be secreted with the milk so breastfeeding is very important for infants. • Cell-Mediated (T-lymphocyte) ...
... • Interferon is the first line of defense. Then we have the humoral antibody (the neutralizing antibody). Then we have complementmediated lysis of infected cells. The neutralizing antibodies can be secreted with the milk so breastfeeding is very important for infants. • Cell-Mediated (T-lymphocyte) ...
STAC RESTRUCTURE
... Emerging BW Agents • Newly identified naturally-occurring agents of disease - also occasionally referred to as Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) that demonstrate virulence, stability and production capacity consistent with their potential for intentional dissemination. • Infectious diseases whose ...
... Emerging BW Agents • Newly identified naturally-occurring agents of disease - also occasionally referred to as Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) that demonstrate virulence, stability and production capacity consistent with their potential for intentional dissemination. • Infectious diseases whose ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections (STDs/STIs)
... History of HIV/AIDS 1981: Clusters of previously rare diseases noticed in both LA and NYC 1982: Collection of symptoms is named AIDS – 14 nations report cases of AIDS 1984: 7,000 Americans have AIDS 1986: AIDS-causing virus is named HIV; ...
... History of HIV/AIDS 1981: Clusters of previously rare diseases noticed in both LA and NYC 1982: Collection of symptoms is named AIDS – 14 nations report cases of AIDS 1984: 7,000 Americans have AIDS 1986: AIDS-causing virus is named HIV; ...
Measles
... Mumps • Pathology – Targets the salivary glands, CNS, pancreas, testes – Thyroid, ovaries, heart, kidneys, liver, joint synovia – Initial viral replication in the upper respiratory tract – Spread to adjacent lymph nodes target tissues – Necrosis of infected cells – Salivary gland ducts are lined ...
... Mumps • Pathology – Targets the salivary glands, CNS, pancreas, testes – Thyroid, ovaries, heart, kidneys, liver, joint synovia – Initial viral replication in the upper respiratory tract – Spread to adjacent lymph nodes target tissues – Necrosis of infected cells – Salivary gland ducts are lined ...
Overview The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in
... detected in April of this year in three flocks in southern Ontario, Canada, and on Monday of this week in a wild goose in Michigan. The Ontario, premises are approximately 75 miles from Erie, Pennsylvania, and the location of the wild goose found in Michigan is approximately 145 miles from Erie, Pen ...
... detected in April of this year in three flocks in southern Ontario, Canada, and on Monday of this week in a wild goose in Michigan. The Ontario, premises are approximately 75 miles from Erie, Pennsylvania, and the location of the wild goose found in Michigan is approximately 145 miles from Erie, Pen ...
fifth disease - Hopkins Schools
... exposed to sunlight or heat. Adults, especially women, may have pain, redness and swelling of the joints. Joint pain and swelling may last 1-3 months. Most people who get fifth disease do not become very ill. However, children with sickle cell anemia, chronic anemia, or a weakened immune system may ...
... exposed to sunlight or heat. Adults, especially women, may have pain, redness and swelling of the joints. Joint pain and swelling may last 1-3 months. Most people who get fifth disease do not become very ill. However, children with sickle cell anemia, chronic anemia, or a weakened immune system may ...
Lecture 4_VIRAL PATHOGENESIS AND HOST IMMUNE
... chronic infections with HBV or HCV associated disease may be as a consequence of progressive injury to the host tissues or by immune-mediated destruction of virus-infected cells. ...
... chronic infections with HBV or HCV associated disease may be as a consequence of progressive injury to the host tissues or by immune-mediated destruction of virus-infected cells. ...
Estimating minimum host population size for Varicella zoster virus
... lifelong latency in sensory and trigeminal ganglia. Later in life, the virus may reactivate to cause herpes zoster. All herpesviruses have been thought to evolve with a relatively constant evolutionary clock. Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that clinical HSV-1 strains can be divided into at l ...
... lifelong latency in sensory and trigeminal ganglia. Later in life, the virus may reactivate to cause herpes zoster. All herpesviruses have been thought to evolve with a relatively constant evolutionary clock. Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that clinical HSV-1 strains can be divided into at l ...
H1N1 Presentation Primary Care
... Signs and Symptoms Symptoms are the same as for normal seasonal flu Signs and symptoms of the new Influenza A (H1N1) virus are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and can include: • fever (a temperature ≥38 °C), cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, fatigue. • ...
... Signs and Symptoms Symptoms are the same as for normal seasonal flu Signs and symptoms of the new Influenza A (H1N1) virus are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and can include: • fever (a temperature ≥38 °C), cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, fatigue. • ...
VIRUS
... Pathogenesis and Pathology The virus enters the respiratory tract in airborne droplets. Viremia is rare. Virus is present in the nasopharynx from 1-2 days before to 1-2 days after onset of symptoms. Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract causes necrosis of the ciliated and goblet cells of the ...
... Pathogenesis and Pathology The virus enters the respiratory tract in airborne droplets. Viremia is rare. Virus is present in the nasopharynx from 1-2 days before to 1-2 days after onset of symptoms. Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract causes necrosis of the ciliated and goblet cells of the ...
Document
... In 2009 appeared the pandemic influenza A H1N1. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infected organisms and by air. For longer heat treatment the virus dies. There is evidence that this virus preneuva from person to person. The virus causes an infection that can result in the appearance o ...
... In 2009 appeared the pandemic influenza A H1N1. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infected organisms and by air. For longer heat treatment the virus dies. There is evidence that this virus preneuva from person to person. The virus causes an infection that can result in the appearance o ...
Conventional and Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease
... cases the embryos died within 24 to 96 h postinoculation. The CAM of infected embryonated egg was thickened, dead embryos were congested and hemorrhagic similar to the findings of Hitchner (1970) and Takase et al. (1996). The reduced rate of virus isolation may be due to absence or low concentration ...
... cases the embryos died within 24 to 96 h postinoculation. The CAM of infected embryonated egg was thickened, dead embryos were congested and hemorrhagic similar to the findings of Hitchner (1970) and Takase et al. (1996). The reduced rate of virus isolation may be due to absence or low concentration ...
mouse hepatitis virus
... Maintain regular health monitoring of supplier sub-populations and strict protocols for barrier colonies. Immunocompetent mice usually shed virus for 2-3 weeks, so infection can be eliminated by not introducing new susceptible mice for several weeks (stop breeding or purchasing). It should be noted ...
... Maintain regular health monitoring of supplier sub-populations and strict protocols for barrier colonies. Immunocompetent mice usually shed virus for 2-3 weeks, so infection can be eliminated by not introducing new susceptible mice for several weeks (stop breeding or purchasing). It should be noted ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure. ...
... deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure. ...
3. Chain of Infection
... • Susceptible Host. The future host is the person who is next exposed to the pathogen. The microorganism may spread to another person but does not develop into an infection if the person’s immune system can fight it off. They may however become a ‘carrier’ without symptoms, able to then be the next ...
... • Susceptible Host. The future host is the person who is next exposed to the pathogen. The microorganism may spread to another person but does not develop into an infection if the person’s immune system can fight it off. They may however become a ‘carrier’ without symptoms, able to then be the next ...
SciFed Virology Research Journal
... cells and edema, among others (Figure 2). Finally, results of the cytometry analysis of bursal lymphocytes are shown in table 2. The presence of T cells was only detected in bursae from chickens inoculated with 500 µl of IBDV (Table 2). It is already known that in virulent and very virulent IBDV inf ...
... cells and edema, among others (Figure 2). Finally, results of the cytometry analysis of bursal lymphocytes are shown in table 2. The presence of T cells was only detected in bursae from chickens inoculated with 500 µl of IBDV (Table 2). It is already known that in virulent and very virulent IBDV inf ...
Foodborne Viruses in the European Union
... • Associated with poor hygiene and sanitation - primarily transmitted from person-to-person via the faecal-oral route • Incubation period commonly 28-30 days (range 15-50) ...
... • Associated with poor hygiene and sanitation - primarily transmitted from person-to-person via the faecal-oral route • Incubation period commonly 28-30 days (range 15-50) ...
Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus
... and its name was derived from the Ebola River located near the source of the first outbreak. Past Ebola outbreaks have been reported on average every 1.5 years [17], with a total of 7 prior outbreaks generating over 100 reported cases [18]. A recent study has estimated 22 million people distributed ...
... and its name was derived from the Ebola River located near the source of the first outbreak. Past Ebola outbreaks have been reported on average every 1.5 years [17], with a total of 7 prior outbreaks generating over 100 reported cases [18]. A recent study has estimated 22 million people distributed ...
Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD): a review
... and its name was derived from the Ebola River located near the source of the first outbreak. Past Ebola outbreaks have been reported on average every 1.5 years [17], with a total of 7 prior outbreaks generating over 100 reported cases [18]. A recent study has estimated 22 million people distributed ...
... and its name was derived from the Ebola River located near the source of the first outbreak. Past Ebola outbreaks have been reported on average every 1.5 years [17], with a total of 7 prior outbreaks generating over 100 reported cases [18]. A recent study has estimated 22 million people distributed ...
docx - National Blood Authority
... haemophilia A treatment approved in Europe that offers prolonged protection against bleeding episodes through prophylactic injections every three to five days (Section 4). Until recently, gene therapy was laborious, crude and unsafe for human testing. Now new technology, called CRISPR-Cas9, acts a ...
... haemophilia A treatment approved in Europe that offers prolonged protection against bleeding episodes through prophylactic injections every three to five days (Section 4). Until recently, gene therapy was laborious, crude and unsafe for human testing. Now new technology, called CRISPR-Cas9, acts a ...
Viruses
... machinery necessary for normal virus replication to prevent virus production, are called "defective interfering particles" (DIP). ...
... machinery necessary for normal virus replication to prevent virus production, are called "defective interfering particles" (DIP). ...
The Bioterrorist Threat of Ebola in East Africa and Implications for
... The Ministry of Health of the East African county of Uganda reported an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever to the WHO on 24 July 2012 (WHO, 2012a). Five days later, 14 died of the disease (WHO, 2012a) and by the beginning of October, when the outbreak was declared over, there had been a total of 24 ...
... The Ministry of Health of the East African county of Uganda reported an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever to the WHO on 24 July 2012 (WHO, 2012a). Five days later, 14 died of the disease (WHO, 2012a) and by the beginning of October, when the outbreak was declared over, there had been a total of 24 ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}