Vaccine discovery and translation of new vaccine technology
... vaccine antigens in silico (reviewed by Vivona et al, 2008), usually surface-exposed proteins, ranking them based on a variety of factors and finally testing their vaccine potential in animal disease models. This approach was pioneered by Rino Rappuoli and colleagues at Novartis for meningococcal va ...
... vaccine antigens in silico (reviewed by Vivona et al, 2008), usually surface-exposed proteins, ranking them based on a variety of factors and finally testing their vaccine potential in animal disease models. This approach was pioneered by Rino Rappuoli and colleagues at Novartis for meningococcal va ...
Diseases, infection dynamics, and development
... Three features of the disease environment require elaboration. First, although we occasionally refer to the infectious disease, we think about communicable diseases more generally. In particular, people may be infected by any number of communicable diseases and what is relevant is the overall morbid ...
... Three features of the disease environment require elaboration. First, although we occasionally refer to the infectious disease, we think about communicable diseases more generally. In particular, people may be infected by any number of communicable diseases and what is relevant is the overall morbid ...
Communicable Disease Management Protocol – Amebiasis
... indicates invasive amebiasis caused by E. histolytica, and is the only microscopic observation that distinguishes E. histolytica from E. dispar or E. moshkovskii. Serological testing (through reference laboratory) is an important or may be the sole diagnostic test for extra-intestinal amebiasis, suc ...
... indicates invasive amebiasis caused by E. histolytica, and is the only microscopic observation that distinguishes E. histolytica from E. dispar or E. moshkovskii. Serological testing (through reference laboratory) is an important or may be the sole diagnostic test for extra-intestinal amebiasis, suc ...
A Preventive Cytokine Treatment of the Viral Infectious Bursal
... or “hot” vaccines have a much better efficacy and may break through higher levels of maternally derived antibodies, but they can induce moderate to severe bursal lesions, and thus, cause corresponding levels of immunosuppression (Mazariegos et al., 1990; Tsukamoto et al., 1995; Kumar et al., 2000). ...
... or “hot” vaccines have a much better efficacy and may break through higher levels of maternally derived antibodies, but they can induce moderate to severe bursal lesions, and thus, cause corresponding levels of immunosuppression (Mazariegos et al., 1990; Tsukamoto et al., 1995; Kumar et al., 2000). ...
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS Infection Control Guidelines for Long Term Care Facilities
... as usual, and participate in therapeutic and group activities as long as contaminated body substances are contained. Hand hygiene is an important component of participation in group activities. When residents leave their room, they should have their hands cleaned. In addition, they should have clean ...
... as usual, and participate in therapeutic and group activities as long as contaminated body substances are contained. Hand hygiene is an important component of participation in group activities. When residents leave their room, they should have their hands cleaned. In addition, they should have clean ...
Can you get TB from animals?
... Which other countries (other than SA) are affected by bovine TB? BTB has affected every continent in the world at some time – it has been suggested that BTB was transported across the world via infected cattle during the colonial expansions of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Other countries ...
... Which other countries (other than SA) are affected by bovine TB? BTB has affected every continent in the world at some time – it has been suggested that BTB was transported across the world via infected cattle during the colonial expansions of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Other countries ...
population and biology - The Rockefeller University
... medical services' (Fries, 1980, p. 133). The most effective strategy for dealing with chronic diseases, Fries suggests, is postponing them to the years when death is imminent anyway. 'The amount of disability can decrease as morbidity is compressed into the shorter span between the increasing age at ...
... medical services' (Fries, 1980, p. 133). The most effective strategy for dealing with chronic diseases, Fries suggests, is postponing them to the years when death is imminent anyway. 'The amount of disability can decrease as morbidity is compressed into the shorter span between the increasing age at ...
HISTORY OF MEDICINE Erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, and
... show that that peak of antibody acquisition occurs between the ages of 4 and 6 years, and by the age of 16 one-third of subjects have PVLA antibody…”19 He also noted that “… three of the four blood donors from Dr Cossart’s group of nine who were followed up became ill shortly after giving blood; two ...
... show that that peak of antibody acquisition occurs between the ages of 4 and 6 years, and by the age of 16 one-third of subjects have PVLA antibody…”19 He also noted that “… three of the four blood donors from Dr Cossart’s group of nine who were followed up became ill shortly after giving blood; two ...
Chickenpox / Shingles
... rare cases rise to over 39 °C. Intensely itchy papules then appear, spreading over the head and torso to the entire body. They rapidly produce fluid-filled pustules, which can also spread to mucous membranes, genitalia and the scalp. They dry into scabs later. Typically, all stages of the skin rash ...
... rare cases rise to over 39 °C. Intensely itchy papules then appear, spreading over the head and torso to the entire body. They rapidly produce fluid-filled pustules, which can also spread to mucous membranes, genitalia and the scalp. They dry into scabs later. Typically, all stages of the skin rash ...
Hookworm as a potential vector for infection
... migrate subcutaneously within the lymphatic system where they will mature into adults. After mating, the female sheds L1 microfilariae which are then transmitted to the insect host during feeding. Inside the host, the larvae will shed twice more before reaching L3 ...
... migrate subcutaneously within the lymphatic system where they will mature into adults. After mating, the female sheds L1 microfilariae which are then transmitted to the insect host during feeding. Inside the host, the larvae will shed twice more before reaching L3 ...
Slide 1
... how many people does an infectious case come into contact with) and the transmission process (i.e. of those ...
... how many people does an infectious case come into contact with) and the transmission process (i.e. of those ...
National Skin Centre, Singapore
... patients without te usual risk factors for nosocomial MRSA acquisition in the United States in 1981. The term "community-acquired MRSA” (CA-MRSA) was introduced for this entity which has since spread worldwide, and is often seen among young, healthy individuals, including participants of contact spo ...
... patients without te usual risk factors for nosocomial MRSA acquisition in the United States in 1981. The term "community-acquired MRSA” (CA-MRSA) was introduced for this entity which has since spread worldwide, and is often seen among young, healthy individuals, including participants of contact spo ...
Background rapidly sequestered by the follicular dendritic
... after exposure or vaccination, and often remain elevated after successful treatment. Traditionally, dogs are only tested after clinical signs are evident. The lack of early clinical signs, such as erythema migrans, in infected dogs places greater importance on the laboratory method used when diagnos ...
... after exposure or vaccination, and often remain elevated after successful treatment. Traditionally, dogs are only tested after clinical signs are evident. The lack of early clinical signs, such as erythema migrans, in infected dogs places greater importance on the laboratory method used when diagnos ...
Tetra-carboxy-methyl-naringenin- chalcone, a new active to treat
... of immune response: LL 37 triggers the release of proinflammatory metabolites such as cytokines and interleukins in mast cells and keratinocytes. Furthermore, it was shown to induce neovascularization (7). Interestingly, individuals with rosacea were shown to express abnormally high levels of cathel ...
... of immune response: LL 37 triggers the release of proinflammatory metabolites such as cytokines and interleukins in mast cells and keratinocytes. Furthermore, it was shown to induce neovascularization (7). Interestingly, individuals with rosacea were shown to express abnormally high levels of cathel ...
ebola in context: understanding transmission, response and control
... infectious before they have symptoms. This can help the infection to spread more easily. If the latent period is longer than the incubation period, then people are infectious only after symptoms start. This means they can be recognised as being ill before they are infectious. For Ebola the incubatio ...
... infectious before they have symptoms. This can help the infection to spread more easily. If the latent period is longer than the incubation period, then people are infectious only after symptoms start. This means they can be recognised as being ill before they are infectious. For Ebola the incubatio ...
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness and Robles disease, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. It is the second most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma.The parasite worm is spread by the bites of a black fly of the Simulium type. Usually many bites are required before infection occurs. These flies live near rivers, hence the name of the disease. Once inside a person, the worms create larvae that make their way out to the skin. Here they can infect the next black fly that bites the person. There are a number of ways to make the diagnosis including: placing a biopsy of the skin in normal saline and watching for the larva to come out, looking in the eye for larvae, and looking within the bumps under the skin for adult worms.A vaccine against the disease does not exist. Prevention is by avoiding being bitten by flies. This may include the use of insect repellent and proper clothing. Other efforts include those to decrease the fly population by spraying insecticides. Efforts to eradicate the disease by treating entire groups of people twice a year is ongoing in a number of areas of the world. Treatment of those infected is with the medication ivermectin every six to twelve months. This treatment kills the larva but not the adult worms. The medication doxycycline, which kills an associated bacterium called Wolbachia, appears to weaken the worms and is recommended by some as well. Removal of the lumps under the skin by surgery may also be done.About 17 to 25 million people are infected with river blindness, with approximately 0.8 million having some amount of loss of vision. Most infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in Yemen and isolated areas of Central and South America. In 1915, the physician Rodolfo Robles first linked the worm to eye disease. It is listed by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease.