Epidemiologic Triads & Natural History of Disease
... Phenomena which bring the host and agent together: vector, vehicle, reservoir, etc 24 May 2017 ...
... Phenomena which bring the host and agent together: vector, vehicle, reservoir, etc 24 May 2017 ...
Mad Cow Disease: A Risk to Public Health in America
... study concluded in November of 2001, the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) deemed that the safety measures now in place in the United States would prevent an outbreak of BSE in the human food supply. In this study, the researchers first compared the meat industries in the United States and Gre ...
... study concluded in November of 2001, the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) deemed that the safety measures now in place in the United States would prevent an outbreak of BSE in the human food supply. In this study, the researchers first compared the meat industries in the United States and Gre ...
Control and eradication of Classic Swine Fever in wild boar
... After a vaccination campaign, PCR positive animals can be due to modified live vaccines (MLV) but these MLV-vaccinated animals can be cross-checked for wild type CSF virus (genetic DIVA – discriminatory PCR). A positive PCR diagnosis should be considered to indicate that an animal is or has been inf ...
... After a vaccination campaign, PCR positive animals can be due to modified live vaccines (MLV) but these MLV-vaccinated animals can be cross-checked for wild type CSF virus (genetic DIVA – discriminatory PCR). A positive PCR diagnosis should be considered to indicate that an animal is or has been inf ...
Drivers for the emergence and re-emergence of
... where they were previously not known; agents that were constantly present in the affected area on a low level or in a different host and due to some change have become more widely spread in the population under concern; or organisms that were previously not recognized and have been identified and as ...
... where they were previously not known; agents that were constantly present in the affected area on a low level or in a different host and due to some change have become more widely spread in the population under concern; or organisms that were previously not recognized and have been identified and as ...
Should I Worry About MRSA?
... What makes the MRSA different from other staph infections is that it has built up an immunity to the antibiotics doctors usually use to treat staph infections. (Methicillin is a type of antibiotic, which is why the strain is called "methicillin-resistant.") ...
... What makes the MRSA different from other staph infections is that it has built up an immunity to the antibiotics doctors usually use to treat staph infections. (Methicillin is a type of antibiotic, which is why the strain is called "methicillin-resistant.") ...
Document
... List four forms of infection caused by this genus of hemoflagellates. How does this patient's infection differ from the other three? ...
... List four forms of infection caused by this genus of hemoflagellates. How does this patient's infection differ from the other three? ...
Personal Service Establishments: Looking at Infections Risks
... are at greatest risk but may be unaware of their risks13,14 – Infections have been reported among individuals with no known heart conditions15,16 ...
... are at greatest risk but may be unaware of their risks13,14 – Infections have been reported among individuals with no known heart conditions15,16 ...
Infectious Diseases in Latin America and the
... Leptospirosis is a persistent, often under-recognized, problem to which the international community has paid relatively little attention. In Nicaragua, public health interest was sparked by concern that the epidemic of a new disease would pose a threat to other communities and countries, but attenti ...
... Leptospirosis is a persistent, often under-recognized, problem to which the international community has paid relatively little attention. In Nicaragua, public health interest was sparked by concern that the epidemic of a new disease would pose a threat to other communities and countries, but attenti ...
Slide 1
... cat scratch disease and West Nile and Herpes infections) Systemic immune-mediated disease (spondylarthritis = typically unilateral uveitis), but also psoriasis and IBD. Syndromes confined primarily to the eye ...
... cat scratch disease and West Nile and Herpes infections) Systemic immune-mediated disease (spondylarthritis = typically unilateral uveitis), but also psoriasis and IBD. Syndromes confined primarily to the eye ...
Beyond Malaria — Causes of Fever in Outpatient Tanzanian Children
... most acute febrile episodes are due to other infectious diseases — some of which are lifethreatening — that must be identified and treated appropriately.3,4 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend malaria testing for all patients with febrile illness in areas where malaria is endemic.5 ...
... most acute febrile episodes are due to other infectious diseases — some of which are lifethreatening — that must be identified and treated appropriately.3,4 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend malaria testing for all patients with febrile illness in areas where malaria is endemic.5 ...
Ecological Epidemiology - Princeton University Press
... of animals mostly live on the body or in the body cavities (e.g., the gut); in plants, they are generally intercellular microparasite. A small, often intracellular parasite that multiplies directly within its host transmission threshold. The condition R0 ¼ 1, where R0 is the basic reproductive numbe ...
... of animals mostly live on the body or in the body cavities (e.g., the gut); in plants, they are generally intercellular microparasite. A small, often intracellular parasite that multiplies directly within its host transmission threshold. The condition R0 ¼ 1, where R0 is the basic reproductive numbe ...
Zoonotic Diseases
... evaluate the cat for signs of rabies and continue to monitor the cat’s health closely. Once infected with the rabies virus, a cat will only survive for about three or four days. Obvious signs of rabies infection in cats include, foaming at the mouth, trouble walking, lethargy, and erratic and extrem ...
... evaluate the cat for signs of rabies and continue to monitor the cat’s health closely. Once infected with the rabies virus, a cat will only survive for about three or four days. Obvious signs of rabies infection in cats include, foaming at the mouth, trouble walking, lethargy, and erratic and extrem ...
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - UCSF EHS
... Although there is no specific treatment for LCMV, ribiviran susceptibility has been demonstrated in vitro, and has been used in severe infections. There is anecdotal evidence that of known laboratory strains, the risk of human infection from the Armstrong strain is very low. However, medical evaluat ...
... Although there is no specific treatment for LCMV, ribiviran susceptibility has been demonstrated in vitro, and has been used in severe infections. There is anecdotal evidence that of known laboratory strains, the risk of human infection from the Armstrong strain is very low. However, medical evaluat ...
The Healing Powers of "NEEM" The Neem tree, which is a botanical
... dandruff. Neem contains some of the most powerful anti-fungal plant extracts that are available for the control of fungal skin diseases that affect humans, including those that cause athletes foot, ringworm and Candida. Even today, India's Neem tree is known as the "Village Pharmacy" because of its ...
... dandruff. Neem contains some of the most powerful anti-fungal plant extracts that are available for the control of fungal skin diseases that affect humans, including those that cause athletes foot, ringworm and Candida. Even today, India's Neem tree is known as the "Village Pharmacy" because of its ...
header - Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine Project
... not the disease itself. It is because of this understanding that Kent says, “It is first disorder of government, and this proceeds from within outward until we have pathological changes in the tissues. In the practice of medicine today the idea of government is not found, and the tissue changes only ...
... not the disease itself. It is because of this understanding that Kent says, “It is first disorder of government, and this proceeds from within outward until we have pathological changes in the tissues. In the practice of medicine today the idea of government is not found, and the tissue changes only ...
Swine flu - infectious diseases content sampler
... influenza seasonal outbreak. First, the percentage of patients requiring hospitalization (2—6%) appears to be higher than would be expected during a typical influenza season (0.4—1%) [21]. Second, the need for hospitalisations for S-OIV infection has been particularly high among persons aged between t ...
... influenza seasonal outbreak. First, the percentage of patients requiring hospitalization (2—6%) appears to be higher than would be expected during a typical influenza season (0.4—1%) [21]. Second, the need for hospitalisations for S-OIV infection has been particularly high among persons aged between t ...
Infectious Disease Information for Emergency Service Workers
... of infections, especially following a significant exposure. This means living for the next 6 months as if you may have the infections. This period of time is known as the window period, the time for signs of infections to show up in the blood. For the next 6 months you may be advised to: • Practice ...
... of infections, especially following a significant exposure. This means living for the next 6 months as if you may have the infections. This period of time is known as the window period, the time for signs of infections to show up in the blood. For the next 6 months you may be advised to: • Practice ...
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
... pigeons and doves. As a consequence, it can be an occupational disease of poultry farmers, veterinarians, zoo and pet-shop employees, or others whose occupation places them at risk of exposure. ...
... pigeons and doves. As a consequence, it can be an occupational disease of poultry farmers, veterinarians, zoo and pet-shop employees, or others whose occupation places them at risk of exposure. ...
Vaccine discovery and translation of new vaccine technology
... vaccine antigens in silico (reviewed by Vivona et al, 2008), usually surface-exposed proteins, ranking them based on a variety of factors and finally testing their vaccine potential in animal disease models. This approach was pioneered by Rino Rappuoli and colleagues at Novartis for meningococcal va ...
... vaccine antigens in silico (reviewed by Vivona et al, 2008), usually surface-exposed proteins, ranking them based on a variety of factors and finally testing their vaccine potential in animal disease models. This approach was pioneered by Rino Rappuoli and colleagues at Novartis for meningococcal va ...
Growing evidence of an emerging tick
... whether Australian ticks are able to transmit Borrelia (perhaps done in conjunction with an American or European laboratory, where Borrelia cultures have been established); and, whether any Borrelia species are present in Australian ticks (by culturing tissue from a geographically diverse range of t ...
... whether Australian ticks are able to transmit Borrelia (perhaps done in conjunction with an American or European laboratory, where Borrelia cultures have been established); and, whether any Borrelia species are present in Australian ticks (by culturing tissue from a geographically diverse range of t ...
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness and Robles disease, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. It is the second most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma.The parasite worm is spread by the bites of a black fly of the Simulium type. Usually many bites are required before infection occurs. These flies live near rivers, hence the name of the disease. Once inside a person, the worms create larvae that make their way out to the skin. Here they can infect the next black fly that bites the person. There are a number of ways to make the diagnosis including: placing a biopsy of the skin in normal saline and watching for the larva to come out, looking in the eye for larvae, and looking within the bumps under the skin for adult worms.A vaccine against the disease does not exist. Prevention is by avoiding being bitten by flies. This may include the use of insect repellent and proper clothing. Other efforts include those to decrease the fly population by spraying insecticides. Efforts to eradicate the disease by treating entire groups of people twice a year is ongoing in a number of areas of the world. Treatment of those infected is with the medication ivermectin every six to twelve months. This treatment kills the larva but not the adult worms. The medication doxycycline, which kills an associated bacterium called Wolbachia, appears to weaken the worms and is recommended by some as well. Removal of the lumps under the skin by surgery may also be done.About 17 to 25 million people are infected with river blindness, with approximately 0.8 million having some amount of loss of vision. Most infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in Yemen and isolated areas of Central and South America. In 1915, the physician Rodolfo Robles first linked the worm to eye disease. It is listed by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease.