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Bulletin on Sexually Transmitted Infections
Bulletin on Sexually Transmitted Infections

... HPV-Infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. There are more than 100 known types of HP-virus.  Transmission and Course: The main means of transmission is unprotected vaginal, anal- and oralsex. Transmission by mouth / finger / vibrator / sex toy is also possible. Some HP ...
Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]
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... and in conformity with WHO guidelines b) Section 10 of the Coroner’s Act states that the coroner’s office must be notified if a patient dies after some mishap such as leaving an instrument in the body at surgery c) diseases which be reported to the local medical officer of health include AIDS, food ...
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... cattle. It becomes a major cause of severe “shipping fever” pneumonia when combined with stress and a viral agent. Two species are common: P. hemolytica and P. multocida. Vaccines available in the past were poor, and use of a single dose caused more problems than if none were used. Great improvement ...
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Onchocerciasis



Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness and Robles disease, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. It is the second most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma.The parasite worm is spread by the bites of a black fly of the Simulium type. Usually many bites are required before infection occurs. These flies live near rivers, hence the name of the disease. Once inside a person, the worms create larvae that make their way out to the skin. Here they can infect the next black fly that bites the person. There are a number of ways to make the diagnosis including: placing a biopsy of the skin in normal saline and watching for the larva to come out, looking in the eye for larvae, and looking within the bumps under the skin for adult worms.A vaccine against the disease does not exist. Prevention is by avoiding being bitten by flies. This may include the use of insect repellent and proper clothing. Other efforts include those to decrease the fly population by spraying insecticides. Efforts to eradicate the disease by treating entire groups of people twice a year is ongoing in a number of areas of the world. Treatment of those infected is with the medication ivermectin every six to twelve months. This treatment kills the larva but not the adult worms. The medication doxycycline, which kills an associated bacterium called Wolbachia, appears to weaken the worms and is recommended by some as well. Removal of the lumps under the skin by surgery may also be done.About 17 to 25 million people are infected with river blindness, with approximately 0.8 million having some amount of loss of vision. Most infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in Yemen and isolated areas of Central and South America. In 1915, the physician Rodolfo Robles first linked the worm to eye disease. It is listed by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease.
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