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ISMP Medication Safety Alert
ISMP Medication Safety Alert

... f your facility chooses to use these prefilled syringes, limit their use to the OR environment. Bar-coding systems would prevent most mix-ups, but if you don’t have this technology, work with anesthesia staff to limit the variety of drugs within a class. For example, purchase prefilled syringes for ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... the past year while 0.3% reported that they used any of these drugs to get high in the past year.  Among Canadians 15 years and older, the prevalence of past-year alcohol use was 77.0%  Cost – over 40 billion dollars! ...
September 2015 - Institute For Safe Medication Practices
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... noted in this publication, bringing a new generation of oral anticoagulants to market based on ease of use rather than improved safety was a major wrong turn. In addition, two of the three novel anticoagulants have pharmacological profiles that raise questions about their simple, unmonitored dosing ...
Drugs for Depressive Disorders
Drugs for Depressive Disorders

... ➼ When one antidepressant is ineffective the addition of another antidepressant can be useful (so called augmentation therapy) ➼ Drugs used effectively in augmentation therapy include lithium, bupropion, buspirone, lamotigrine and triiodothyronine. ➼ A maintenance therapy with an antidepressant shou ...
General and Organic Chemistry: Theory content HT 2016
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... Lecture: Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry. Connection between structure and pharmacological effect of major drug groups, their chemical properties. Physical-chemical properties influence on bioavailability. Lecture: Principles of modern drug design. Principles of drug design, the Swedish pharmace ...
National Essential Anaesthesia Drug List (NEADL) 2015.
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... Reduce supplies. Provide clinicians with the best alternatives, with advice on their safe use. Reduce activity. Triage to protect emergency and live-saving surgical procedures. It may be a helpful exercise for teams to consider how reliant their service is on certain generic injectables, and to make ...
Drug Interactions with St. John`s Wort
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... ive years ago in this column, we discussed the potential for St. John’s wort (SJW) to cause drug interactions. At that time, SJW had been identified as an inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein ...
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innovations in substance abuse testing
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... More than sixteen formulas have been devised to allow adjustment of average adult drug doses for infants and children. Clark's rules based on body weight or body surface extrapolation are used most commonly, but they do not take into account the developmental changes of the function of the eliminato ...
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... removal of both carboxyl and amino groups. The sequence of these removals is not fully known and could be the opposite to that shown or aldehyde could be formed in one step by aldehyde ...
Garrett Peters 3/31/2013 Writing 340 Adderall: An A+ in a Bottle
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... enantiomers, have all the same physical properties as their partner molecules such as boiling point and melting point due to their similar spatial arrangements. However, this makes them difficult to separate, especially because most production methods will produce these enantiomers ...
2 MB 2017 Addiction Introduction - Northeast Ohio Nurse Practitioners
2 MB 2017 Addiction Introduction - Northeast Ohio Nurse Practitioners

... lost their power to reward  Drug addiction is insidious because it affects the very brain areas that people need to "think straight," apply good judgment, and make good decisions for their lives  The disease of addiction can develop in people despite their best intentions or strength of character ...
Summary of Product Characteristics
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... Animals weighing less than 1.25Kg should be treated with a suitable product authorised for this purpose. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. ii) Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the medicinal product to animals Ingredients in this product are known to cause allergic reac ...
2014 Report on prescription drug costs
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... outside factors and fees, it clarifies the real cost of drugs used by Prime’s members. We’re dedicated to sharing vital information with plan sponsors at every stage, and because of this, we’ve based this report on net ingredient costs first and foremost. At 3.3 percent in 2013, Prime’s drug trend w ...
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... However, Judge Shipp also denied a request for a corrective action regarding a Merck non-disclosure policy that, according to the women, kept other female sales representatives from joining the lawsuit out of fear of losing their jobs. Merck argued that the policy only relates to government investig ...
Managing the Opiate Crisis
Managing the Opiate Crisis

...  Are prescribed because of their effective analgesic or pain relieving properties.  Opioids act by attaching to opioid receptors found in the brain, spinal cord and gastrointestinal tract.  Opioid drugs can also affect regions of the brain that mediate what we perceive as pleasure.  This results ...
From, Dr. GEETHA SAWKAR, 1st MD Dept of Rasashastra, B.L.D.E.
From, Dr. GEETHA SAWKAR, 1st MD Dept of Rasashastra, B.L.D.E.

... Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction .It is the biological process by which new “offspring” individual organisms are produced from their parents1 A childless marriage in India is often scorned at can be extra humiliatin ...
Development of Biocatalysts for Production of Fine Chemicals
Development of Biocatalysts for Production of Fine Chemicals

... vent tolerance of these wild-type enzymes has been improved are used. In consideration of space in this paper, the author will limit himself to introducing the ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... Abstract: Couroupita guianensis is also called as “Cannon ball tree”. The tree has enormous medicinal values since most of the parts like leaves; flower, fruits and stem are used as medicine to cure various diseases. During the last few decades it has been observed that there are numerous reports on ...
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION

... Vincamine is used for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiencies and disorders. It has been shown to be pharmacologically active in the central nervous system and in the cardiovascular system but its activity is mainly on the vessels of the brain. Other therapeutic applications ...
The increasing needs of knowledge on interaction
The increasing needs of knowledge on interaction

... in this area will reduce and avoid the negative herb – drug interaction that affect people’s health, it will also build up the confidence of public to use herbal medicine. In fact, negative drug-herb interactions (side effects as the result of taking drugs and herbs at the same time) have been over ...
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Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
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