Permeability Fundamentals
... 3. How will passive diffusion permeability change as pH increases from 4.5 to 8 for: (a) basic compound, (b) acidic compound? ...
... 3. How will passive diffusion permeability change as pH increases from 4.5 to 8 for: (a) basic compound, (b) acidic compound? ...
Marijuana in Pregnancy - ANNALS Academy of Medicine Singapore
... most common and easily available drug of abuse is still marijuana. The lack of funds and trained personnel makes it difficult to implement preventive programmes against drug abuse. It is very likely that drug abuse will worsen in Africa unless more effective measures are implemented to control the c ...
... most common and easily available drug of abuse is still marijuana. The lack of funds and trained personnel makes it difficult to implement preventive programmes against drug abuse. It is very likely that drug abuse will worsen in Africa unless more effective measures are implemented to control the c ...
Waiver of In Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
... rapid in relation to gastric emptying and the drug has high permeability, the rate and extent of drug absorption is unlikely to be dependent on drug dissolution and/or gastrointestinal transit time. • Under such circumstances, demonstration of in vivo BA or BE may not be necessary for drug products ...
... rapid in relation to gastric emptying and the drug has high permeability, the rate and extent of drug absorption is unlikely to be dependent on drug dissolution and/or gastrointestinal transit time. • Under such circumstances, demonstration of in vivo BA or BE may not be necessary for drug products ...
a guide to personal protective equipment and glove selection
... For more detailed information, refer to your Environmental Health and Safety Manual or Chemical Hygiene Plan, or call your Chemical Hygiene Officer. Choosing the Right Glove Gloves are used to protect your skin from contact with hazardous materials. There are a variety of glove materials (e.g., late ...
... For more detailed information, refer to your Environmental Health and Safety Manual or Chemical Hygiene Plan, or call your Chemical Hygiene Officer. Choosing the Right Glove Gloves are used to protect your skin from contact with hazardous materials. There are a variety of glove materials (e.g., late ...
PDF - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
... postoperative conditions due to their three major activities, viz., anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. Phenylbutazone, diclofenac, meloxicam and some other NSAIDs are being used as therapeutic measures for pain, inflammation and fever in clinical veterinary medicine. Antiinflammatory eff ...
... postoperative conditions due to their three major activities, viz., anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. Phenylbutazone, diclofenac, meloxicam and some other NSAIDs are being used as therapeutic measures for pain, inflammation and fever in clinical veterinary medicine. Antiinflammatory eff ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEWER ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION
... 5 ml of standard stock solution of Deferasirox was pipetted out in to 100 ml standard flask. To this added 20 ml of alkaline borate buffer, 5 ml of (0.1%) Gibb’s reagent were added and kept for 15 minutes. The volume was made up to the mark with distilled water to get concentration of 10 µg/ ml. The ...
... 5 ml of standard stock solution of Deferasirox was pipetted out in to 100 ml standard flask. To this added 20 ml of alkaline borate buffer, 5 ml of (0.1%) Gibb’s reagent were added and kept for 15 minutes. The volume was made up to the mark with distilled water to get concentration of 10 µg/ ml. The ...
Weathering & Erosion - southwick
... movement of earth materials by natural agents. Some of these agents include glaciers, wind, water, earthquakes, volcanoes, tornadoes, hurricanes, mud flows, and avalanches. ...
... movement of earth materials by natural agents. Some of these agents include glaciers, wind, water, earthquakes, volcanoes, tornadoes, hurricanes, mud flows, and avalanches. ...
Melanotan II - Rebound Health
... α-MSH.[15] They dubbed this new peptide molecule, "Melanotan" (later Melanotan-1, now known as afamelanotide). They subsequently developed another analog, Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2), which they called "Melanotan II". The scientists hoped to use these peptides to combat melanoma by ...
... α-MSH.[15] They dubbed this new peptide molecule, "Melanotan" (later Melanotan-1, now known as afamelanotide). They subsequently developed another analog, Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2), which they called "Melanotan II". The scientists hoped to use these peptides to combat melanoma by ...
safety reporting requirements for clinical drug trials
... other appropriate people aware of new, important information on serious reactions. Therefore, such reporting will generally involve events previously unobserved or undocumented, and a guideline is needed on how to define an event as “unexpected” or “expected” (expected/unexpected from the perspectiv ...
... other appropriate people aware of new, important information on serious reactions. Therefore, such reporting will generally involve events previously unobserved or undocumented, and a guideline is needed on how to define an event as “unexpected” or “expected” (expected/unexpected from the perspectiv ...
Inspra for heart failure
... No quality of life data were collected in the EMPHASIS-HF study, and there was no analysis of changes in NYHA class over time. ...
... No quality of life data were collected in the EMPHASIS-HF study, and there was no analysis of changes in NYHA class over time. ...
Dr. A. Ramkishan- CDSCO WHO TRS WPU
... Detailed written procedures are essential for each process that could affect the quality of the finished products. There must be system to provide documented proof that correct procedures are consistently followed at each step in the manufacturing of process – every time a products is made. WHO ha ...
... Detailed written procedures are essential for each process that could affect the quality of the finished products. There must be system to provide documented proof that correct procedures are consistently followed at each step in the manufacturing of process – every time a products is made. WHO ha ...
Pharmacology - Cardiovascular drugs II NCLEX MCQs
... 9. Pepito is a hypertensive client who has been placed on captopril (Capoten). He states, “Dr. del Mundo keeps changing my pills and none are working. I feel like a guinea pig.” Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate? ...
... 9. Pepito is a hypertensive client who has been placed on captopril (Capoten). He states, “Dr. del Mundo keeps changing my pills and none are working. I feel like a guinea pig.” Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate? ...
polymyxin b and bacitracin ointment
... help prevent or treat skin infections. Minor skin infections and wounds usually heal without treatment, but some minor skin wounds may heal faster when an antibiotic is applied to the affected area. This will contain antibiotics that work by slowing or stopping the growth of bacteria. Polymyxin B is ...
... help prevent or treat skin infections. Minor skin infections and wounds usually heal without treatment, but some minor skin wounds may heal faster when an antibiotic is applied to the affected area. This will contain antibiotics that work by slowing or stopping the growth of bacteria. Polymyxin B is ...
training workshop on pharmaceutical quality, good manufacturing
... Marketing authorization through equivalence ...
... Marketing authorization through equivalence ...
Diazepam - ACuteTox
... Diazepam is metabolized in the liver to two psychopharmacologically active metabolites: nordiazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam) and temazepam (Nmethyloxazepam). Both these metabolites are then converted to oxazepam (also psychopharmacologically active) which undergoes glucuronide conjugation prior to exc ...
... Diazepam is metabolized in the liver to two psychopharmacologically active metabolites: nordiazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam) and temazepam (Nmethyloxazepam). Both these metabolites are then converted to oxazepam (also psychopharmacologically active) which undergoes glucuronide conjugation prior to exc ...
incorporation of anti-cancer drug on mesoporous silica
... properties of mesoporous silica has great advantages once silica can induce bioactivity through its extrinsic properties and along with it it’s possible to fill the pores with natural or synthetic compounds which are biological agents. Silica has a porous network with different diameters and extensi ...
... properties of mesoporous silica has great advantages once silica can induce bioactivity through its extrinsic properties and along with it it’s possible to fill the pores with natural or synthetic compounds which are biological agents. Silica has a porous network with different diameters and extensi ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE A STABILITY
... process whereby the natural degradation rate of a product or material is increased by the application of additional stress. Forced degradation or stress test in is undertaken to demonstrate specificity when developing stability- indicating methods, particularly when little information is available a ...
... process whereby the natural degradation rate of a product or material is increased by the application of additional stress. Forced degradation or stress test in is undertaken to demonstrate specificity when developing stability- indicating methods, particularly when little information is available a ...
Detailed guidance on the electronic submission of information
... mixtures of related compounds that are either isolated or synthesized together. Pharmacopeial terminology and defining characteristics will be used when available and appropriate. Defining elements are dependent on the type of substance. NOTE 2: Discrete existence refers to the ability of a substanc ...
... mixtures of related compounds that are either isolated or synthesized together. Pharmacopeial terminology and defining characteristics will be used when available and appropriate. Defining elements are dependent on the type of substance. NOTE 2: Discrete existence refers to the ability of a substanc ...
Adams, Pharmacology for Nurse: A Pathophysiologic
... Rationale 1: The Controlled Substance Act is the law under which medications with abuse potential are restricted. Stimulant medications are considered controlled substances. More frequent evaluations are a good plan, but this is not the reason for restricted use of stimulant medications. Drug compan ...
... Rationale 1: The Controlled Substance Act is the law under which medications with abuse potential are restricted. Stimulant medications are considered controlled substances. More frequent evaluations are a good plan, but this is not the reason for restricted use of stimulant medications. Drug compan ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF Research Article
... dosage form, maintains uniform drug plasma concentration and hence uniform therapeutic effect is achieved. Over the past two decades, sustained release dosage forms have made significant progress in terms of clinical efficacy and patient compliance. Matrix devices due to their chemical inertness, dr ...
... dosage form, maintains uniform drug plasma concentration and hence uniform therapeutic effect is achieved. Over the past two decades, sustained release dosage forms have made significant progress in terms of clinical efficacy and patient compliance. Matrix devices due to their chemical inertness, dr ...
The use of compound topical anesthetics
... legal, but toxic, drug in 1937, prompted President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to sign the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act on June 25, 1938 (Table 1). This act brought cosmetic and medical devices under federal control. However, the 1938 act was aimed at regulating industrial manufacturers, not the neigh ...
... legal, but toxic, drug in 1937, prompted President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to sign the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act on June 25, 1938 (Table 1). This act brought cosmetic and medical devices under federal control. However, the 1938 act was aimed at regulating industrial manufacturers, not the neigh ...
test administrator`s guide - Plant Performance Services
... 7. Subject’s outer garments and personal belongings are to be left outside collection area. Wallet may be retained. 8. Instruct subject to wash hands before collection. 9. Open the quick screen collection kit in front of the subject and give it to the subject. No personal observation should be made ...
... 7. Subject’s outer garments and personal belongings are to be left outside collection area. Wallet may be retained. 8. Instruct subject to wash hands before collection. 9. Open the quick screen collection kit in front of the subject and give it to the subject. No personal observation should be made ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.