world traffic in doping substances
... economically very profitable: a significant number of healthy subjects were willing to consume large quantities of drugs meant for the treatment of various diseases just to look better, although they were aware that, in so doing, they ran the risk of becoming unhealthy. With carefully studied produc ...
... economically very profitable: a significant number of healthy subjects were willing to consume large quantities of drugs meant for the treatment of various diseases just to look better, although they were aware that, in so doing, they ran the risk of becoming unhealthy. With carefully studied produc ...
Enhancing the Delivery of Resveratrol in Humans
... dissociation and consequent absorption is limited [48]. The contrasting results between SRT501 and cyclodextrin raise the possibility that there is an optimal solubility for gastrointestinal absorption, or that this is a specific issue in rodent models. Further research into this is necessary 4. Syn ...
... dissociation and consequent absorption is limited [48]. The contrasting results between SRT501 and cyclodextrin raise the possibility that there is an optimal solubility for gastrointestinal absorption, or that this is a specific issue in rodent models. Further research into this is necessary 4. Syn ...
A Practitioner`s Handbook Of Materia Medica And Therapeutics The
... Certain excesses always accompany a forward movement. This little book is an exhortation to pause and consider, and is an attempted rational restudy of the materia medica with the two main points in view of emphasizing what is really important as regards the employment of drugs in their larger dose, ...
... Certain excesses always accompany a forward movement. This little book is an exhortation to pause and consider, and is an attempted rational restudy of the materia medica with the two main points in view of emphasizing what is really important as regards the employment of drugs in their larger dose, ...
Cannabis in Australia Use, supply, harms, and responses Monograph series No. 57
... Cannabis was not used widely in Australia until the 1970s. From that time, use of cannabis has increased steadily, peaking in the late 1990s. Since 1998, cannabis use has fallen slightly but still remains the most widely used illicit drug in Australia. According to the most recent National Drug Stra ...
... Cannabis was not used widely in Australia until the 1970s. From that time, use of cannabis has increased steadily, peaking in the late 1990s. Since 1998, cannabis use has fallen slightly but still remains the most widely used illicit drug in Australia. According to the most recent National Drug Stra ...
ziprasidone - PsychSearch
... a) Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death compared to placebo. Analyses of seventeen placebo controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks) in these patients revealed a risk of death in the drug-treated patients of ...
... a) Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death compared to placebo. Analyses of seventeen placebo controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks) in these patients revealed a risk of death in the drug-treated patients of ...
Medical Applications and Toxicities of Gallium Compounds
... While the clinical efficacy of continuous infusion gallium nitrate has been examined in a number of different malignancies, this drug has displayed its strongest antineoplastic activity in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bladder cancer. At least 4 separate clinical trials have demonstrat ...
... While the clinical efficacy of continuous infusion gallium nitrate has been examined in a number of different malignancies, this drug has displayed its strongest antineoplastic activity in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bladder cancer. At least 4 separate clinical trials have demonstrat ...
KHAT (CATHA EDULIS) A CONTROVERSIAL PLANT: BLESSING
... is mainly a recreational drug in the countries where it grows, though it may also be used by farmers and agricultural and other laborers for reducing physical fatigue and by lorry drivers and high-school students for improving attention. Children very often start chewing khat around the age of 10. A ...
... is mainly a recreational drug in the countries where it grows, though it may also be used by farmers and agricultural and other laborers for reducing physical fatigue and by lorry drivers and high-school students for improving attention. Children very often start chewing khat around the age of 10. A ...
RESEARCH 123 Acute Cocaine Intoxication:
... compounds will rest with the company. Another significant incentive is that preclinical testing (and, potentially, clinical testing) is carried out with minimal expense to the company. A decision tree has been established to determine the sequence of preclinical tests to be conducted. This testing s ...
... compounds will rest with the company. Another significant incentive is that preclinical testing (and, potentially, clinical testing) is carried out with minimal expense to the company. A decision tree has been established to determine the sequence of preclinical tests to be conducted. This testing s ...
The Proton Pump Inhibitor, Omeprazole, but Not Lansoprazole or
... particular importance because PPIs are coprescribed in up to approximately two thirds of patients after discharge from the hospital because PPIs lessen the severity of the gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with clopidogrel treatment (Ho et al., 2009). In the present study, we examined the in vi ...
... particular importance because PPIs are coprescribed in up to approximately two thirds of patients after discharge from the hospital because PPIs lessen the severity of the gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with clopidogrel treatment (Ho et al., 2009). In the present study, we examined the in vi ...
volume 2 - PianetaChimica
... tasks set in the IChO in its fourty-year history is a contribution of the IChO International Information Centre in Bratislava (Slovakia) to the development of this world known international competition. This Volume 2 contains 154 theoretical and 46 practical competition problems from the mentioned y ...
... tasks set in the IChO in its fourty-year history is a contribution of the IChO International Information Centre in Bratislava (Slovakia) to the development of this world known international competition. This Volume 2 contains 154 theoretical and 46 practical competition problems from the mentioned y ...
Minutes of 246th meeting of Registration Board
... Director QA < opined that for export purpose only those formulations should be registered, which are already registered in Pakistan. For new fornulations (which are not registered in Pakistan), manufacturers should first conduct stability studies and then registration for export purpose be granted ...
... Director QA < opined that for export purpose only those formulations should be registered, which are already registered in Pakistan. For new fornulations (which are not registered in Pakistan), manufacturers should first conduct stability studies and then registration for export purpose be granted ...
PDF - Cosmetic Ingredient Review
... not enter the lungs) in any appreciable amount.11,13 There is some evidence indicating that deodorant spray products can release substantially larger fractions of particulates having aerodynamic equivalent diameters in the range considered to be respirable.11 However, the information is not sufficie ...
... not enter the lungs) in any appreciable amount.11,13 There is some evidence indicating that deodorant spray products can release substantially larger fractions of particulates having aerodynamic equivalent diameters in the range considered to be respirable.11 However, the information is not sufficie ...
July/August 2014
... during and after treatment. FDA is revising the labels of all docetaxel drug products to warn about this risk. BACKGROUND: Docetaxel is a prescription chemotherapy drug used to treat different kinds of cancer, including cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, head and neck cancers, and non-small-c ...
... during and after treatment. FDA is revising the labels of all docetaxel drug products to warn about this risk. BACKGROUND: Docetaxel is a prescription chemotherapy drug used to treat different kinds of cancer, including cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, head and neck cancers, and non-small-c ...
34 ECDD 2006/4.3 ...
... Ketamine differs from most anaesthetic agents in that it appears to stimulate the cardiovascular system, producing changes in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure (Haas and Harper, 1992). Possibly re-uptake inhibition of circulating catecholamines may contribute to this phenomenon. On the ...
... Ketamine differs from most anaesthetic agents in that it appears to stimulate the cardiovascular system, producing changes in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure (Haas and Harper, 1992). Possibly re-uptake inhibition of circulating catecholamines may contribute to this phenomenon. On the ...
Dextromethorphan Pre
... of dextrorotatory isomer of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan (dextrorphan) and the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan (dextromethorphan) which is the methyl ether of the former compound. It was concluded that each of these compounds had been demonstrated (1) to have no morphine-like act ...
... of dextrorotatory isomer of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan (dextrorphan) and the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan (dextromethorphan) which is the methyl ether of the former compound. It was concluded that each of these compounds had been demonstrated (1) to have no morphine-like act ...
Timolol Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomes Is Mediated
... 7-hydroxylation), CYP2C9 (tolbutamide hydroxylation), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan O-demethylation), CYP2E1 (chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation), and CYP3A4/5 (midazolam 1⬘-hydroxylation) have been described previously in detail in an article by Taavitsainen et al. (2001). The bupropion hydroxylation assay f ...
... 7-hydroxylation), CYP2C9 (tolbutamide hydroxylation), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan O-demethylation), CYP2E1 (chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation), and CYP3A4/5 (midazolam 1⬘-hydroxylation) have been described previously in detail in an article by Taavitsainen et al. (2001). The bupropion hydroxylation assay f ...
volume 2 - HotNews
... tasks set in the ICHO in its fourty-year history is a contribution of the ICHO International Information Centre in Bratislava (Slovakia) to the development of this world known international competition. This Volume 2 contains 154 theoretical and 46 practical competition problems from the mentioned y ...
... tasks set in the ICHO in its fourty-year history is a contribution of the ICHO International Information Centre in Bratislava (Slovakia) to the development of this world known international competition. This Volume 2 contains 154 theoretical and 46 practical competition problems from the mentioned y ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... all drug reactions (Williams 2006). Off-target (idiosyncratic) reactions are not related to the primary or secondary pharmacology of the drug and show a complex dose relationship. Idiosyncratic reactions normally occur at therapeutic doses after an initial delay or latency period, which may range fr ...
... all drug reactions (Williams 2006). Off-target (idiosyncratic) reactions are not related to the primary or secondary pharmacology of the drug and show a complex dose relationship. Idiosyncratic reactions normally occur at therapeutic doses after an initial delay or latency period, which may range fr ...
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate Performance
... mans. One of the major reasons for these differences arose from describing the combined effects qualitatively rather than from using quantitative methods specifically developed for that purpose. Inasmuch as the pharmacological response often can be predicted from the respective PK, it is rational to ...
... mans. One of the major reasons for these differences arose from describing the combined effects qualitatively rather than from using quantitative methods specifically developed for that purpose. Inasmuch as the pharmacological response often can be predicted from the respective PK, it is rational to ...
Pharmacokinetic interactions of carbamazepine with some
... pharmacological mechanism of actions take place at the cellular levels (cellular targets) and are associated with no changes in the plasma levels of these drugs. Pharmacokinetic interactions can occur when one drug interferes with another one and alters the level of the drug or its metabolite or bot ...
... pharmacological mechanism of actions take place at the cellular levels (cellular targets) and are associated with no changes in the plasma levels of these drugs. Pharmacokinetic interactions can occur when one drug interferes with another one and alters the level of the drug or its metabolite or bot ...
Hyaluronidase in Ophthalmology - The Journal of Applied Research
... duced from reference 5, with permission. purified hyaluronidase API extracted from an animal source usually contains less than 1% of the enzyme per milligram of total protein.5 The extract is often contaminated with proteases, immunoglobulin, and other elements, which can increase capillary permeabi ...
... duced from reference 5, with permission. purified hyaluronidase API extracted from an animal source usually contains less than 1% of the enzyme per milligram of total protein.5 The extract is often contaminated with proteases, immunoglobulin, and other elements, which can increase capillary permeabi ...
GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD Addiction - Trimbos
... Another proposed explanation is that there are important differences between illicit GHB and the pharmaceutical product in accessibility and purity [76]. Illicitly synthesized GHB often contains uncontrolled, and sometimes substantial higher than expected, concentrations or might still contain a con ...
... Another proposed explanation is that there are important differences between illicit GHB and the pharmaceutical product in accessibility and purity [76]. Illicitly synthesized GHB often contains uncontrolled, and sometimes substantial higher than expected, concentrations or might still contain a con ...
Mephedrone
... and 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine, but its potency is less than (meth)amphetamine. The overall profile shows a molecule with unique pharmacological properties. Not a new kid on the block, nevertheless the study into its pharmacology and toxicology started only recently. Reported toxic effects ...
... and 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine, but its potency is less than (meth)amphetamine. The overall profile shows a molecule with unique pharmacological properties. Not a new kid on the block, nevertheless the study into its pharmacology and toxicology started only recently. Reported toxic effects ...
Heparin by Wikipedia
... known as unfractionated heparin, a highly-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.[1] It can also be used to form an inner anticoagulant surface on various experimental and medical devices ...
... known as unfractionated heparin, a highly-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.[1] It can also be used to form an inner anticoagulant surface on various experimental and medical devices ...
a contemporary history of ibogaine in the united states and europe
... restricted status in Belgium and Switzerland. As a naturally occurring alkaloid that can only be patented with regard to use and not with regard to its structure, and with a mechanism of action that is unknown, ibogaine has been relatively unattractive to the pharmaceutical industry as a potential c ...
... restricted status in Belgium and Switzerland. As a naturally occurring alkaloid that can only be patented with regard to use and not with regard to its structure, and with a mechanism of action that is unknown, ibogaine has been relatively unattractive to the pharmaceutical industry as a potential c ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.