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IPA Users Guide - Thomson Reuters
IPA Users Guide - Thomson Reuters

... Chemical Name Searching.................................................................................................................................34 ...
Zentel - FiloBase
Zentel - FiloBase

... Drug Category: Anthelmintics; Anticestodal Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Tubulin ...
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF GLIMEPIRIDE AND  ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM IN IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET FORMULATION 
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF GLIMEPIRIDE AND  ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM IN IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET FORMULATION 

... combination  product  (FDCs)  should  be  formulated  in  such  a  way  that it should have an advantage over single formulation product in  therapeutic effect,  safety  or compliance. With combination therapy,  it  is  important  to  model  how  the  drugs  act  in  combination  (synergistically,  ...
406 K (English version)
406 K (English version)

... conceived: moving from a transmission method of teaching (expository teaching model) to a method of knowledge development. It involves prioritising the learner-centred approach:  Increasing the number of secondary school teachers and improving their performance through ICT.  Integrating ICT tools ...
Drug Policy in Context - DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law
Drug Policy in Context - DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law

... incomplete. Even though actors in each country have been aware of developments in the other (and have even borrowed policy prescriptions from time to time), one critical difference in their parallel histories is likely to be determinative. The American move toward pragmatism, if it is to occur, must ...
Development of a facile antibody–drug conjugate
Development of a facile antibody–drug conjugate

... batch-to-batch variability, the instability of maleimide chemistry results in off-target toxicity.4 These shortcomings with current linker technologies have hindered the concept of an ideal “magic bullet”, as envisioned by Paul Ehrlich,7 to be realized. In the last few years, several ideas have emerg ...
ANTI­INFLAMMATORY, ANTI­ARTHRITIC, ANALGESIC AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF  CYPERUS ESSENTIAL OILS 
ANTI­INFLAMMATORY, ANTI­ARTHRITIC, ANALGESIC AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF  CYPERUS ESSENTIAL OILS 

... Cyperus rotundus Linn. Essential oils. The oils were subjected to phytochemical tests and the flavonoids, triterpenoids, carbohydrate, proteins were  found.  In India  it has been popularly  used for the  treatment of wound  healing, antimicrobial, antidote,  anti mutagenic and antidiarrhoeal. In th ...
Chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

PHARMACY TECHNICIAN (PHT) 720 clock hours/ 36 weeks (Total
PHARMACY TECHNICIAN (PHT) 720 clock hours/ 36 weeks (Total

... The course covers the most common tasks performed by the hospital pharmacy technician. It clarifies the difference between pharmacy stock and central supply stock. This course provides the student with an understanding of how sterile products used for parenteral administration must be prepared in an ...
Document
Document

... – Atropine suppresses thermoregulatory sweating. – In adults, body temperature is elevated by this effect only if large doses are administered, but in infants and children even ordinary doses may cause "atropine fever." ...


... effectively managed in the past using a Wide spectrum of antibiotics. Category II, chronic bacterial prostatitis, is most often treated With higher potency drugs for management ...
JB-D - Pharmaceutical Press
JB-D - Pharmaceutical Press

... Drugs (which are often classified in terms of their therapeutic use) include many different types of agents, producing different types of adverse effects by various mechanisms of action. Therapeutic agents belonging to a given class of compounds often have some adverse effects in common (‘class effe ...
In 1998 the Lancet published an editorial entitled “the - HAL
In 1998 the Lancet published an editorial entitled “the - HAL

illicit drugs and driving
illicit drugs and driving

... vigilance and alertness, and will impair driving ability. The impairing effects are concentrated in the first 2 hours, but may persist for more than 5 hours. Real driving tests were only performed with low doses and show that a dose of 100– 300 µg tetrahydrocannabinol /kg body weight has an effect c ...
THE ROLE OF CYP3A4/5 IN ALPRAZOLAM METABOLISM
THE ROLE OF CYP3A4/5 IN ALPRAZOLAM METABOLISM

... It is well known that patients may respond differently to the same drug therapy. These inter-individual variations can result in drug toxicity in some patients, while others will experience therapeutic failure. The existence of large population differences with small intra-patient variability is con ...
Unit I
Unit I

... transdermal epidural intracranial intracerebroventricular ...
here - FDA Law Blog
here - FDA Law Blog

... consist of the COD status code (a code that identifies the type of FDA approval or other authority under which the drug is marketed), the FDA application number, or the FDA approval letter.5 The first two items are routinely reported in the Medicaid Drug Data Reporting (DDR) system for every COD; th ...
Vinca Alkaloids
Vinca Alkaloids

... made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen that is often derived from plants is named alkaloid. Although, the name represents alkali like some do not exhibit alkaline properties. Many alkaloids with having poisonous characteristics have physiological effects too that make them useful as medici ...
SDCEP-Drug-Prescribing-For-Dentistry-3rd-Edition
SDCEP-Drug-Prescribing-For-Dentistry-3rd-Edition

... on common drug interactions that may be encountered in dental practice is provided in Appendix 4 of this guidance. However, it is recommended that dentists refer to Appendix 1 of the BNF and BNFC (www.bnf.org) for comprehensive information on drug interactions. ...
Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems
Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems

... tissue is surgically removed from the oral cavity, the connective tissue is then carefully removed and the buccal mucosal membrane is isolated. 7th December 2012 ...
epitan - Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals
epitan - Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals

... drug to be placed in the long acting implant. This trial is scheduled to take six months. The company is meeting with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in early October 2003 for the purpose of obtaining approval to begin trials in the USA, via an Investigational New Drug (IND), with Melanota ...
Safety Assessment and Dose Selection for First-in
Safety Assessment and Dose Selection for First-in

... oncology, treatment duration in FIH studies may considerably exceed preclinical coverage in animal studies. Most of these considerations are applicable to mAbs in general. The high species specificity of the sequence/structure of most immune receptors targeted by mAbs makes the selection of an appro ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.

... 1. Drug inactivation or modification: for example, enzymatic deactivation of penicillin G in some penicillinresistant bacteria through the production of β-lactamase 2. Alteration of target site: for example, alteration of PBP—the binding target site of penicillin—in MRSA and other penicillin-resista ...
Report to SACATM
Report to SACATM

... Session 1 looked at the use of zebrafish for screening compounds for cardiovascular activity. Maria Bondesson from the University of Houston introduced the use of Kdr1:GFP transgenic fish (in whom vascular endothelial cells express GFP). In these fish, arsenic causes malformed vasculature along with ...
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Injection, USPRx only
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Injection, USPRx only

... Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 5 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to diphenhydramine hydrochloride. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because ani ...
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Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
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