
... Bacterial meningitis is recognized as one of the leading causes of infection-related death, and this disease still continues to be a significant health concern (1). Bacterial meningitis is a fatal and serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) (2).The underlying pathophysiological mechani ...
Introduction and Review of literature
... al., 2006). HAV infection is mainly propagated via the fecal-oral route as the person-to-person contact is the most common mode of transmission (Mast and Alter, 1993). HAV survival in contaminated fomites, such as sanitary paper, sanitary tile and latex gloves, is very long (Abad et al., 1994a). In ...
... al., 2006). HAV infection is mainly propagated via the fecal-oral route as the person-to-person contact is the most common mode of transmission (Mast and Alter, 1993). HAV survival in contaminated fomites, such as sanitary paper, sanitary tile and latex gloves, is very long (Abad et al., 1994a). In ...
Incidence and Risk Factors of Bacteria Causing Infectious Keratitis
... The examined patients revealed that, contact lens (CL) wearing was the most common risk factor and was found in 51 eyes (44.35%) and no risk factors were identified in 18 eyes 15.66% of cases. All the predisposing factors are summarized in Table 1. Diabetes mellitus was a risk factor in 20 cases but ...
... The examined patients revealed that, contact lens (CL) wearing was the most common risk factor and was found in 51 eyes (44.35%) and no risk factors were identified in 18 eyes 15.66% of cases. All the predisposing factors are summarized in Table 1. Diabetes mellitus was a risk factor in 20 cases but ...
Cat Illnesses and Remedies Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) Feline
... -Medication: diarrhea can be caused as a side effect if your cat is treated for another illness. -Eating the wrong kind of food or too much food. -A sudden change in their diet Diarrhea often doesn’t last for more than 24 hours – if it does it is recommended to with hold all food for the next 24 hou ...
... -Medication: diarrhea can be caused as a side effect if your cat is treated for another illness. -Eating the wrong kind of food or too much food. -A sudden change in their diet Diarrhea often doesn’t last for more than 24 hours – if it does it is recommended to with hold all food for the next 24 hou ...
Aseptic Meningitis
... Measurement of serum CRP concentration may be helpful in considering withholding antimicrobial therapy, on the basis of the data showing that a normal CRP has a high negative predictive value in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Provided the CSF Gram stain result is negative. Practice Guideline ...
... Measurement of serum CRP concentration may be helpful in considering withholding antimicrobial therapy, on the basis of the data showing that a normal CRP has a high negative predictive value in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Provided the CSF Gram stain result is negative. Practice Guideline ...
Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple
... Bacteria, which are procaryotes, have smaller ribosomes (70S) than animals (80S), which are eucaryotes. Bacterial ribosomes consist of 2 subunits, a large subunit ( 50S) and a small subunit (30S). These numbers relate to the rate of sedimentation. Antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline, ...
... Bacteria, which are procaryotes, have smaller ribosomes (70S) than animals (80S), which are eucaryotes. Bacterial ribosomes consist of 2 subunits, a large subunit ( 50S) and a small subunit (30S). These numbers relate to the rate of sedimentation. Antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline, ...
nail diseases & disorders
... DESCRIPTION/ CAUSE: Small white spots are groups of whitish nail cells trapped inside the nail plate These spots are caused by minor trauma to the Matrix. Pseudoleukonychia/False Leukonychia surface layers develop a whitish flaky appearance due to a lack of moisture in the nail plate sometimes cause ...
... DESCRIPTION/ CAUSE: Small white spots are groups of whitish nail cells trapped inside the nail plate These spots are caused by minor trauma to the Matrix. Pseudoleukonychia/False Leukonychia surface layers develop a whitish flaky appearance due to a lack of moisture in the nail plate sometimes cause ...
chapter 3 microbiological hazards
... inactivated (see chapter 5). The education of parents of small children and other recreationists with regard to good hygienic behaviour at swimming pools is another approach that may prove to be useful for improving health safety at swimming pools and the reduction of AFRs. These groups should also ...
... inactivated (see chapter 5). The education of parents of small children and other recreationists with regard to good hygienic behaviour at swimming pools is another approach that may prove to be useful for improving health safety at swimming pools and the reduction of AFRs. These groups should also ...
Biofilm and Chronic Infections
... Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from impetigo and furuncle: role of fibrinogen and fibrin. J Dermatol Sci. 1997 Nov Akiyama H, Ueda M, Kanzaki H, Tada J, Arata J. The formation of membranous structure (thickness from the plastic tissue-culture coverslip (hematoxylineosin ...
... Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from impetigo and furuncle: role of fibrinogen and fibrin. J Dermatol Sci. 1997 Nov Akiyama H, Ueda M, Kanzaki H, Tada J, Arata J. The formation of membranous structure (thickness from the plastic tissue-culture coverslip (hematoxylineosin ...
Sulbactam/Cefoperazone Versus Cefotaxime for the Treatment of
... as follows: "eradication" (all pathogens were eradicated), "partial eradication" (one of the original pathogens was eradicated), "persistence" (none of the original pathogens was eradicated), "eradication with colonization" (a new pathogen was isolated at the end of therapy, but the patient did not ...
... as follows: "eradication" (all pathogens were eradicated), "partial eradication" (one of the original pathogens was eradicated), "persistence" (none of the original pathogens was eradicated), "eradication with colonization" (a new pathogen was isolated at the end of therapy, but the patient did not ...
Document
... Severe sacral ulcers, to protect skin Chronic urinary retention only if renal impairment Measurement of post-void volume (if bladders scan unavailable) ...
... Severe sacral ulcers, to protect skin Chronic urinary retention only if renal impairment Measurement of post-void volume (if bladders scan unavailable) ...
36. Louse-Borne Diseases: Relapsing Fever and Typhus Word
... infection is not transmitted to new hosts when the louse bites a healthy person. Instead, humans acquire the infection when they scratch their bites and accidentally crush a louse, releasing its infected body fluids onto their skin. The bacteria enter through breaks in the skin, typically caused by ...
... infection is not transmitted to new hosts when the louse bites a healthy person. Instead, humans acquire the infection when they scratch their bites and accidentally crush a louse, releasing its infected body fluids onto their skin. The bacteria enter through breaks in the skin, typically caused by ...
Thrombocytopenia in neonates
... – Plts decrease sharply during the several days after birth; nadir at 2-5 days Management: transfusion, IVIG, or prednisone for severe TCP or clinical bleeding – Plt trx may not be as effective as in NAIT: autoAb usually react w/donor ...
... – Plts decrease sharply during the several days after birth; nadir at 2-5 days Management: transfusion, IVIG, or prednisone for severe TCP or clinical bleeding – Plt trx may not be as effective as in NAIT: autoAb usually react w/donor ...
Group B Sreptococcus
... serious illness. It is found in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts of men and women. In women, it can be found in the vagina and rectum. GBS is not a sexually transmitted disease. Also, although the names are similar, GBS is different from group A streptococcus, the bacteria that causes ...
... serious illness. It is found in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts of men and women. In women, it can be found in the vagina and rectum. GBS is not a sexually transmitted disease. Also, although the names are similar, GBS is different from group A streptococcus, the bacteria that causes ...
McCance, K
... Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the number of platelets is severely decreased. Causes include decreased bone marrow production, sequestration (usually in splenomegaly), and increased platelet destruction (Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper, et. al., 2008). Before determining the etiology of thrombocy ...
... Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the number of platelets is severely decreased. Causes include decreased bone marrow production, sequestration (usually in splenomegaly), and increased platelet destruction (Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper, et. al., 2008). Before determining the etiology of thrombocy ...
... isolation and identification of the causative agent and the subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not carried out at the early stage of the disease. In our studies, K.pneumoniae strains from clinical cases were found highly susceptible to quinolones and aminoglycoside, amikacin and gent ...
Tuberculosis
... there is an increased risk of adverse reactions and no additional protection. Evidence of previous BCG vaccination includes: documentary evidence, a reliable history of vaccination or presence of a characteristic scar. Immunisation reaction and care of the immunisation site The expected reaction to ...
... there is an increased risk of adverse reactions and no additional protection. Evidence of previous BCG vaccination includes: documentary evidence, a reliable history of vaccination or presence of a characteristic scar. Immunisation reaction and care of the immunisation site The expected reaction to ...
Special, clinical and ecological microbiology
... 22. Five young men suffer acute attacks of nausea and vomiting a few hours after returning from a student’s party, at which they ate hamburgers, potato salad, and custard pie. By morning all are feeling better. Which bacterial toxin is most likely to have caused their symptoms? A. *Staphylococcus au ...
... 22. Five young men suffer acute attacks of nausea and vomiting a few hours after returning from a student’s party, at which they ate hamburgers, potato salad, and custard pie. By morning all are feeling better. Which bacterial toxin is most likely to have caused their symptoms? A. *Staphylococcus au ...
Impetigo
... Dear Parent or Guardian: There has been a suspected case of Impetigo in your child’s crèche/preschool/nursery, and your child may have been exposed. Although impetigo is not usually a serious condition, it is very infectious, and if not treated promptly, complications can occur (e.g. kidney disease) ...
... Dear Parent or Guardian: There has been a suspected case of Impetigo in your child’s crèche/preschool/nursery, and your child may have been exposed. Although impetigo is not usually a serious condition, it is very infectious, and if not treated promptly, complications can occur (e.g. kidney disease) ...
What is plague? - Allegan County
... Pneumonic plague occurs when Yersinia pestis infects the lungs. Transmission can take place if someone breathes in Y. pestis particles, which could happen in an aerosol release during a bioterrorism attack. Pneumonic plague is also transmitted by breathing in Y. pestis suspended in respiratory dropl ...
... Pneumonic plague occurs when Yersinia pestis infects the lungs. Transmission can take place if someone breathes in Y. pestis particles, which could happen in an aerosol release during a bioterrorism attack. Pneumonic plague is also transmitted by breathing in Y. pestis suspended in respiratory dropl ...
Special, clinical and ecological microbiology
... 22. Five young men suffer acute attacks of nausea and vomiting a few hours after returning from a student’s party, at which they ate hamburgers, potato salad, and custard pie. By morning all are feeling better. Which bacterial toxin is most likely to have caused their symptoms? A. *Staphylococcus au ...
... 22. Five young men suffer acute attacks of nausea and vomiting a few hours after returning from a student’s party, at which they ate hamburgers, potato salad, and custard pie. By morning all are feeling better. Which bacterial toxin is most likely to have caused their symptoms? A. *Staphylococcus au ...
Vaccines
... These children should not get vaccines • People with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated • These people should wait: Anyone who is moderately or severely ill at the time the shot is scheduled should usually wait until they recover before getting vaccine • Primary or secondary immunod ...
... These children should not get vaccines • People with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated • These people should wait: Anyone who is moderately or severely ill at the time the shot is scheduled should usually wait until they recover before getting vaccine • Primary or secondary immunod ...
Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea is a medical condition from inflammation (""-itis"") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach (""gastro""-) and the small intestine (""entero""-). It causes some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been referred to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.Globally, most cases in children are caused by rotavirus. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are more common. Less common causes include other bacteria (or their toxins) and parasites. Transmission may occur due to consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water or via close contact with individuals who are infectious. Prevention includes drinking clean water, hand washing with soap, and breast feeding babies instead of using formula. This applies particularly where sanitation and hygiene are lacking. The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for all children.The key treatment is enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved via oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts, and sugar). In those who are breast fed, continued breast feeding is recommended. For more severe cases, intravenous fluids from a healthcare centre may be needed. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world. It results in about three to five billion cases and causes 1.4 million deaths a year.