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powerpoint (LVG module Hongkong)
powerpoint (LVG module Hongkong)

...  Anatomical barriers as the acid mantle in the skin and normal vaginal flora are important host’s defenses  Lactic acid wash in combination with standard regimen is effective in relieving symptoms of Bacterial vaginosis  Lactic acid vaginal gel (LVG) is safe and as efficacious as metronidazole in ...
Fever in returned travellers presenting in the United Kingdom
Fever in returned travellers presenting in the United Kingdom

... epidemics (e.g. legionella), emerging infections (e.g. SARS) or risk assessment for viral haemorrhagic fever. The risk of viral haemorrhagic fevers should be considered in all febrile travellers with epidemiological risk factors, particularly those for whom no diagnosis has been made and who become ...
Fever in returned travellers
Fever in returned travellers

... epidemics (e.g. legionella), emerging infections (e.g. SARS) or risk assessment for viral haemorrhagic fever. The risk of viral haemorrhagic fevers should be considered in all febrile travellers with epidemiological risk factors, particularly those for whom no diagnosis has been made and who become ...
Microscopic Colitis (Lymphocytic Colitis and
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... What is microscopic colitis? Microscopic colitis refers to inflammation of the colon that is only visible when the colon’s lining is examined under a microscope. The appearance of the inner colon lining in microscopic colitis is normal by visual inspection during colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscop ...
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... Elimination RTS Other bacteroides species -anaerobes - (cefoxitin > cefotetan) cefazolin); NVD; ...
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... better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others? ...
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... feed changes, poor ventilation, crowding, temperature fluctuations and drafts can all impact the disease resistance of calves. Adequate planning, scheduling and management of farm personnel and ongoing monitoring of calves are key factors in alleviating sources of stress. 4) Minimise the risk of ex ...
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... Impetigo is thought to be most common between the ages of two and six. About one in 35 children under the age of four and one in 60 children under 15 develop impetigo. In a survey of Dutch children it was the third most frequent skin condition. It is thought to be more common in tropical and develop ...
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... since the early 1990s. Since then, every laboratory-confirmed case has been investigated by an MDPH epidemiologist or an MDPH trained local board of health nurse. The Hinton State Laboratory Institute (HSLI) is the only state laboratory in the United States that produces pertussis serology test resu ...
New York Science Journal 2013;6(12) Adeleke O E* and Olarinde J D
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... regular monitoring of the susceptibility of organism to antibiotics. Fifty isolates of S. aureus from urine samples of patients attending University College Hospital, Ibadan were collected and screened by standard biochemical and microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates ...
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... history of the NIDR, although there were no major campylobacter outbreaks. By the time of completion of this report, the salmonella contamination of the feed in poultry production facilities that was noticed at the beginning of 2009 was not evident in the number of human cases caused by the same sal ...
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... awareness about these pathogenic bacteria and the diseases they would cause. The presence of these cockroaches in the kitchens is an indicator of poor food hygiene. The literature reviewed in the present study provided evidences that E.coli, salmonella, shigella, staphylococcus, streptococcus specie ...
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... and B cells (CD20+) sit proximal to EC cells in the gut of rhesus macaques [28], and it was suggested that 5-HT released by EC cells could affect nearby lymphocytes and modulate immune responses. 5-HT is usually considered a neurotransmitter, which regulates appetite, mood and pain [13]. However, la ...
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... University Anam Hospital. Informed consent was not required by the board because of the retrospective design of this study. Study design and definitions ...
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... fatalities of 12,064 reported cases. Four other vaccines against rabies, typhoid, cholera, and plague also developed a century earlier were not widely used by 1900. Since that time, vaccines have been developed or licensed against at least 21 other diseases in the United States, approximately one-ha ...
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... There are two major structural classes of M protein(class I &class II) and more than eighty serotypes of M protein of group A streptococci The class I M protein may be a virulence determinant for rheumatic fever Conserved antigenic domains on the class I M protein induce antibodies that cross react ...
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... • Add Gentamicin to some procedures to cover Gram negative bacteria (for beta-lactam allergy or known colonization with MRSA when vancomycin used) • If antibiotic prophylaxis is continued postoperatively, duration should be <24 hours regardless of the presence of intravascular catheters or indwellin ...
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dr. Ni Made adi Tarini, Sp.MK
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... University, the discipline-based subjects of the previous curriculum such as Biology, Anatomy, Physiology, Internal Medicine, etc have been integrated and incorporated into several blocks. One of these blocks is Infections and Infectious Diseases. In this block will be explained in general about pat ...
Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia Charles Feldman and Ronald Anderson
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... Mycoplasmal organisms lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to cell wall synthesis inhibitors, such as beta-lactams, glycopeptides and fosfomycin. However, in addition to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, macrolide antibiotics are effective therapeutic agents against the so-called “atypical ...
Introduction and Review of literature
Introduction and Review of literature

... al., 2006). HAV infection is mainly propagated via the fecal-oral route as the person-to-person contact is the most common mode of transmission (Mast and Alter, 1993). HAV survival in contaminated fomites, such as sanitary paper, sanitary tile and latex gloves, is very long (Abad et al., 1994a). In ...


... Bacterial meningitis is recognized as one of the leading causes of infection-related death, and this disease still continues to be a significant health concern (1). Bacterial meningitis is a fatal and serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) (2).The underlying pathophysiological mechani ...
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Gastroenteritis



Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea is a medical condition from inflammation (""-itis"") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach (""gastro""-) and the small intestine (""entero""-). It causes some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been referred to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.Globally, most cases in children are caused by rotavirus. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are more common. Less common causes include other bacteria (or their toxins) and parasites. Transmission may occur due to consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water or via close contact with individuals who are infectious. Prevention includes drinking clean water, hand washing with soap, and breast feeding babies instead of using formula. This applies particularly where sanitation and hygiene are lacking. The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for all children.The key treatment is enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved via oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts, and sugar). In those who are breast fed, continued breast feeding is recommended. For more severe cases, intravenous fluids from a healthcare centre may be needed. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world. It results in about three to five billion cases and causes 1.4 million deaths a year.
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