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Properties and Changes of Matter
Properties and Changes of Matter

N5 Chemistry Summary notes 2017
N5 Chemistry Summary notes 2017

... Everything is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are mostly empty space made up of smaller sub-atomic particles. At the centre of the atom is the nucleus. This contains two types of particles, called protons and neutrons. Spinning around the nucleus are very fast moving particles called e ...
7. Atoms
7. Atoms

... in groups, ranging from metals on the left that go bang when you drop them in water through to gases on the right that don’t do very much at all. However, the periodic table contains plenty of hints that it is not the last word in science. There are patterns and order that run through it, all hintin ...
Atomic Theory
Atomic Theory

... A line spectrum is not continuous. Each element has its own characteristic line spectrum. Hydrogen spectrum- it consists of discrete lines that converge towards the high energy end of the spectrum. The lines converge as the shells are getting closer together. Energy levels increase because we get a ...
Table of Contents - Free Coursework for GCSE, IGCSE, A Level, IB
Table of Contents - Free Coursework for GCSE, IGCSE, A Level, IB

Solving Schrödinger`s Wave Equation
Solving Schrödinger`s Wave Equation

... line Y in Figure 14.1, it can escape by quantum mechanical tunnelling. By the same types of random collision processes which we discussed in connection with the Boltzmann and Maxwell distributions, α-particles can acquire a significant amount of kinetic energy and so can have positive energy, as ill ...
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom

... Orbitals have a variety of different possible shapes. Therefore, scientists use three quantum numbers to describe an atomic orbital. One quantum number, n, describes an orbital’s energy level and size. A second quantum number, l, describes an orbital’s shape. A third quantum number, ml , describes a ...
Chemistry Notes
Chemistry Notes

... More Terms (You know you love ‘em.) WEAK ACID: An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not every molecule breaks apart. They usually have a pH close to 7 (3-6). WEAK BASE: A base that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not every molecule breaks a ...
How to Balance Chemical Equations
How to Balance Chemical Equations

... inventory on that side of the chemical equation.  Repeat the process until total number of atoms for each element perfectly matches on both sides of the chemical equation. ...
CHE 106 Chapter 6
CHE 106 Chapter 6

... high velocity, they also produced a diffraction pattern as the waves interacted with the structure of the sample. Electrons moving as a wave and bouncing off structures as small as atoms is the basis for the electron microscope. The electron microscope can magnify things nearly three million times b ...
Coulomb oscillations as a remedy for the helium atom
Coulomb oscillations as a remedy for the helium atom

... The helium atom broke the back of the old quantum theory. The approach that had started so promising with the Bohr model of 1913 was finally abandoned a decade later. Already in his seminal trilogy, Bohr extended his model of the hydrogen atom to He (Bohr 1913) such that two electrons would orbit—at ...
Unit 2 matter - Kowenscience.com
Unit 2 matter - Kowenscience.com

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics

1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics
1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics

... 2.35 Evidence for the electron spin was provided by the Sterrn–Gerlah experiment. Sketch and briefly describe the key features of the experiment. Explain what was observed and how this observation may be interpreted in terms of electron spin. [Adapted from University of London 2006] 2.36 (i) Write d ...
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM

... there are. THE SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER. ms The SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER, ms, represents electron spin. Since there are only two possible spins —- clockwise and counterclockwise — for an electron, ms can have two values: ─½ or +½. The spin quantum number led to the PAULI'S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE. In a given atom ...
Unit - III - E
Unit - III - E

... controlling where and from what direction a molecular interaction can take place. ...
Atoms and Molecules - Gulfport School District
Atoms and Molecules - Gulfport School District

... • All organisms are composed of energy and matter • All matter is composed of atoms • Elements are pure substances that contain only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler substances. • Atoms have a central core called the nucleus, which is composed of protons and neutrons that determ ...
Teacher text
Teacher text

CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY

Chemistry 201 - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State University
Chemistry 201 - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State University

... calculator, and your University ID Card. If you have notes with you, place them in a sealed backpack and place the backpack OUT OF SIGHT or place the notes directly on the table at the front of the room. Fill in the front page of the Scantron answer sheet with your test form number (listed above), l ...
Chemistry Syllabus
Chemistry Syllabus

... 2a. Describe and classify matter based on physical and chemical properties and interactions between molecules or atoms. (DOK 1)  Physical properties (e.g., melting points, densities, boiling points) of a variety of substances  Substances and mixtures  Three states of matter in terms of internal e ...
Chemistry Syllabus - Madison County Schools
Chemistry Syllabus - Madison County Schools

... 2a. Describe and classify matter based on physical and chemical properties and interactions between molecules or atoms. (DOK 1)  Physical properties (e.g., melting points, densities, boiling points) of a variety of substances  Substances and mixtures  Three states of matter in terms of internal e ...
Notes on the Electronic Structure of Atoms
Notes on the Electronic Structure of Atoms

... The Spin Quantum Number ms The Spin Quantum Number, m • In the 1920s, it was discovered  h i di d that two electrons in the same  orbital do not have exactly the  y same energy. • The “spin” of an electron  describes its magnetic field describes its magnetic field,  which affects its energy. • Elec ...
Strange and Stringy - Subir Sachdev
Strange and Stringy - Subir Sachdev

chemistry
chemistry

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is made up of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). However, atoms do not have well defined boundaries, and there are different ways to define their size which give different but close values.Atoms are small enough that classical physics give noticeably incorrect results. Through the development of physics, atomic models have incorporated quantum principles to better explain and predict the behavior.Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons (none in hydrogen-1). Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. Over 99.94% of the atom's mass is in the nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge, the electrons have a negative electric charge, and the neutrons have no electric charge. If the number of protons and electrons are equal, that atom is electrically neutral. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative or positive charge, respectively, and it is called an ion.Electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by this electromagnetic force. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by a different force, the nuclear force, which is usually stronger than the electromagnetic force repelling the positively charged protons from one another. Under certain circumstances the repelling electromagnetic force becomes stronger than the nuclear force, and nucleons can be ejected from the nucleus, leaving behind a different element: nuclear decay resulting in nuclear transmutation.The number of protons in the nucleus defines to what chemical element the atom belongs: for example, all copper atoms contain 29 protons. The number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. The number of electrons influences the magnetic properties of an atom. Atoms can attach to one or more other atoms by chemical bonds to form chemical compounds such as molecules. The ability of atoms to associate and dissociate is responsible for most of the physical changes observed in nature, and is the subject of the discipline of chemistry.Not all the matter of the universe is composed of atoms. Dark matter comprises more of the Universe than matter, and is composed not of atoms, but of particles of a currently unknown type.
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