• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Barry Eichengreen, Does the Federal Reserve Care About the Rest
Barry Eichengreen, Does the Federal Reserve Care About the Rest

Some of the Choices for Monetary Policy
Some of the Choices for Monetary Policy

... of money and let interest rates take care of themselves. Others, such as foreign central bankers, advise the Fed to lower interest rates and let money grow as it may. And still others, such as the Wall Street Journal and various supply-siders, advise the Fed to stabilize commodity prices and pay lit ...
banking crises in latin america and the political economy
banking crises in latin america and the political economy

... macroeconomic disturbances, as evidenced by the recent Argentine and Dominican cases. A banking crisis may lead to a fall in output through a sharp contraction in the stock of money (monetary channel), through the decline in credit supply (credit channel) and also by the “idling” of resources that r ...
Why does Brazil’s banking sector need public banks?
Why does Brazil’s banking sector need public banks?

... Why is this discussion important? During the pre-crisis period, developed countries’ regulatory systems had been considered as ‘best practice’ and formed the basis for recommendations to developing countries seeking to liberalize and expand their domestic financial markets. Once more, the crisis fat ...
The projection process and accuracy of the RBNZ projections
The projection process and accuracy of the RBNZ projections

... The Bank’s forecasts can be compared with those of other forecasting agencies. Typically forecasts are compared using standard statistical measures such as the root mean squared error (RMSE), where a low value means better forecasting performance. Figures 1 and 2 provide such an evaluation of the Ba ...
The Money Market
The Money Market

US Money Fund Exposure to European Banks
US Money Fund Exposure to European Banks

... of European banks have grown rapidly over the past decade. Dollar-based European bank assets rose from approximately $2 trillion in 1999 to more than $8 trillion in 2008 according to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (see March 2009 BIS Quarterly Review article, “U.S. Dollar Money Market ...
1 GCC, ECN 211, Sample Final Exam Questions
1 GCC, ECN 211, Sample Final Exam Questions

d37c0f50-5502-4e2d-a03e
d37c0f50-5502-4e2d-a03e

Chapter 26 Money and the Level of Income
Chapter 26 Money and the Level of Income

Estimating the intensity of price and non
Estimating the intensity of price and non

... of deposit or loan market structure, direct measures – such as the Panzar and Rosse (1987) H-statistic, loan or deposit interest margins, and Lerner indices – are increasingly relied upon as ancillary information. The H-statistic ranks current competitive behaviour on a scale from 1.0 (perfect compe ...
Transparency and accountability of central banks
Transparency and accountability of central banks

... It has been said that transparency and accountability have become two of the most important watch words in discussions of economic and financial policy today: greater transparency allows decisions to be better informed, while better accountability imposes firmer discipline on decision-makers. Togeth ...
The Federal Reserve Today
The Federal Reserve Today

... In addition to member banks, about 13,700 other depository institutions provide checkable deposits and other banking services to the American people. These include state-chartered commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations and credit unions. Although not formally part of the Fede ...
Primary Money Creation Channels under Instability
Primary Money Creation Channels under Instability

... refinancing policy. A central bank, by using discount rate policy, balances goods and financial flows. If a central bank’s assets are predominantly made of discounted credit, it is obvious that it takes care of development of a domestic economy. This is the way dominantly used by the Bundesbank prio ...
Gerhard Illing
Gerhard Illing

... a concentration of credit risk in this sector. Starting from the observation of probably converging, but still heterogeneous financial market structures, one may suspect that asset prices should follow distinct patterns in the US and Euroland. But co-movements of stock prices in the two areas are a ...
UNIT 9 – MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY
UNIT 9 – MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY

... banking system. (paying bills with cash, no ATMs, keeping money safe, where to get a loan to go to college, buy a home, start a business). A well functioning banking system is crucial in today’s complex economy. 2) Banks are businesses. They channel money from savers to borrowers and make money from ...
Money - Aufinance
Money - Aufinance

...  This equality of value was assured by forces of supply and demand.  If coins are worth more for their metal than for their exchange value, then they will be melted down or milled off.  If metal is worth more as coins than it is as a commodity, then it will be turned into coins unless regulation ...
Workshop 7 Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Workshop 7 Monetary and Fiscal Policy

... you distribute now (5 per student). The kidney beans are valued at $1 each. Calculate the money supply and write the number on the board ($6 x the number of students, minus what was paid by the winners of the first two auctions). Auction the third bag of candy to the highest bidder, and write the pr ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE SOCIAL COST OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE SOCIAL COST OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES

... forced policy makers to look for protective strategies. As Martin Feldstein (1999) concluded in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis, developing countries cannot rely on the International Monetary Fund or reforms in the “international financial architecture” to protect themselves from such cr ...
Too Big To Fail Or To Save? Evidence from the
Too Big To Fail Or To Save? Evidence from the

... over the home country’s GDP. In order to allow for TBTS effects, they also include a quadratic term of this variable. They confirm that larger banks generally exhibit lower CDS spreads, supporting the presence of a TBTF problem. However, the relationship between bank size and CDS spreads is shown t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BANK CONCENTRATION AND CRISES Thorsten Beck Asli Demirgüç-Kunt
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BANK CONCENTRATION AND CRISES Thorsten Beck Asli Demirgüç-Kunt

... securities, insurance, and real estate markets and ownership and control of nonfinancial firms are (1) unrestricted, (2) permitted, (3) restricted, or (4) prohibited. The aggregate indicator has therefore a possible maximum variation between four and 16, with higher numbers indicating more restricti ...
Monetary Reform Conference - American Monetary Institute
Monetary Reform Conference - American Monetary Institute

... Poteat went on to show many graphs regarding the profitability for banks giving credit to the military‐ industrial complex.  Poteat also talked about the historical case of 1694 when the Bank of England (a  privately held bank) was created and monetized government debt for private profit to fund war ...
Central bank‘s independence, transparency and accountability
Central bank‘s independence, transparency and accountability

... Independence and accountability in theory ...
Monetary Policy after the Crisis introduction Marvin Goodfriend COmmenTaRy
Monetary Policy after the Crisis introduction Marvin Goodfriend COmmenTaRy

... policy as before, during, and after the crisis. . . .” I agree with qualification. I would not risk, tolerate, or target higher inflation in an attempt to stimulate economic activity at the zero bound on interest rate policy. Central bank stimulus at the zero bound works in only one of two ways. Mon ...
Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire
Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire

... the control of a single household. Pooling relieves society of this limitation, bridging firms’ capital needs and households’ investing needs.”7 The economic problem of funding economic activity was raised to prominence by John Maynard Keynes when he observed that in industrial systems, savers were ...
< 1 ... 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 ... 243 >

Fractional-reserve banking

Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank accepts deposits, and holds reserves that are a fraction of the amount of its deposit liabilities. Reserves are held at the bank as currency, or as deposits in the bank's accounts at the central bank. Fractional-reserve banking is the current form of banking practiced in most countries worldwide.Fractional-reserve banking allows banks to act as financial intermediaries between borrowers and savers, and to provide longer-term loans to borrowers while providing immediate liquidity to depositors (providing the function of maturity transformation). However, a bank can experience a bank run if depositors wish to withdraw more funds than the reserves held by the bank. To mitigate the risks of bank runs and systemic crises (when problems are extreme and widespread), governments of most countries regulate and oversee commercial banks, provide deposit insurance and act as lender of last resort to commercial banks.Because bank deposits are usually considered money in their own right, and because banks hold reserves that are less than their deposit liabilities, fractional-reserve banking permits the money supply to grow beyond the amount of the underlying reserves of base money originally created by the central bank. In most countries, the central bank (or other monetary authority) regulates bank credit creation, imposing reserve requirements and capital adequacy ratios. This can limit the amount of money creation that occurs in the commercial banking system, and helps to ensure that banks are solvent and have enough funds to meet demand for withdrawals. However, rather than directly controlling the money supply, central banks usually pursue an interest rate target to control inflation and bank issuance of credit.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report