• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... produce a lead over income, even for the special case here in which the supply is entirely passive to the demand. Tobin goes on to point out, as had Walters (1967) earlier, that if money demand depends only on permanent income, exogenous changes in the money supply will produce large immediate chang ...
Economic Outlook Presentation to Workers’ Compensation Trust
Economic Outlook Presentation to Workers’ Compensation Trust

... The Wisdom of Keynes “A sound banker, alas, is not one who foresees danger and avoids it, but one who, when he is ruined, is ruined in a conventional way, along with his fellows, so that no ...
The predictability of monetary policy - ECB
The predictability of monetary policy - ECB

... often going well beyond strict legal requirements. Furthermore, they generally inform the public about the macroeconomic models on which their economic policy analysis is based. Also, the information they now release on their current internal analysis is both clearer and more plentiful than in previ ...
Some - Jayasri Dutta
Some - Jayasri Dutta

... individuals. The European Central Bank (ECB) will not change our euros into beef, wine, or washing machines; fortunately, the treasuries of Germany or France will accept them in settlement of income taxes, highway tolls, or speeding penalties. If these governments were not very good at collecting th ...
integrating europe`s retail banking market
integrating europe`s retail banking market

... volume of cross-border loans and deposits, tend to show comparatively low levels of these activities. This situation is widely viewed as a sign of limited integration. This assessment is correct in general, but it is important to realise the limitations of these indicators: in fact, the absence of c ...
Bank regulation capital and credit supply
Bank regulation capital and credit supply

... requirements, which could be used to test for such a ‘regulatory effect’. Even in those where regulatory requirements are considered, the association between actual capital and regulatory capital requirements is not well established empirically (which may be explained ...
BASE PROSPECTUS Standard Chartered Bank
BASE PROSPECTUS Standard Chartered Bank

... The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act or under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state of the United States or any other U.S. jurisdiction. Each investor, by purchasing a Note (or a beneficial interest therein), agrees (or shall be deemed to have agreed) ...
Joint Stock Company “NORVIK BANKA” Consolidated and Separate
Joint Stock Company “NORVIK BANKA” Consolidated and Separate

... has shown strong progress in moving towards its established goals. The management considered 2016 to be a successful though challenging period on the way to ensuring the Bank’s long-term and effective presence on the Latvian and international financial markets. This has been an intensive period char ...
THE BANK OF MOZAMBIQUE - Unisa Institutional Repository
THE BANK OF MOZAMBIQUE - Unisa Institutional Repository

... - What is a central bank, particularly in an African context? - What are the main functions of a central bank? Explaining the origin of the Banco de Moçambique enables one to analyse theories about central banking in the context of a newly independent African state. Research by Capie and De Kock3 s ...
International Reserves - Independent Evaluation Office (IEO)
International Reserves - Independent Evaluation Office (IEO)

Mankiw 5/e Chapter 4: Money and Inflation
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 4: Money and Inflation

Mankiw 5/e Chapter 4: Money and Inflation
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 4: Money and Inflation

WHY MIGHT SOME CENTRAL BANKS ISSUE THEIR OWN DIGITAL
WHY MIGHT SOME CENTRAL BANKS ISSUE THEIR OWN DIGITAL

... c. How could a CBDC (or multiple CBDCs) affect capital flows, exchange rates and trade exposed sectors of the economy? d. What is the estimated magnitude of the macroeconomic effects of a CBDC? What attributes would a CBDC need to have in order to achieve these effects? This question is addressed in ...
10.03.2017 Reporting AML - IR - Banken
10.03.2017 Reporting AML - IR - Banken

... capital in case of mortgages or other authorised credits may only be made from one or more fixed contra accounts held in the name of the customer? (In other words, do your institution's internal procedures forbid repayments of mortgages and credits to be performed from an account that may belong to ...
Fiscal and Financial Crises
Fiscal and Financial Crises

... •  The Asian Crisis of 1997-98 involved banking, currency and debt crises •  The crises were connected by government guarantees and original sin. •  The Asian Tigers borrowed abroad extensively in foreign currency. •  The risk with original sin is that if the country has a currency crisis and de ...
The Chronicle of a Great Crisis: The Bank of Greece 2008-2013
The Chronicle of a Great Crisis: The Bank of Greece 2008-2013

... • The historical challenge that the country is facing necessitates the greatest possible alignment of political and social forces, an understanding at the national level and convergence of views. • The adjustment programmes are a necessary but not sufficient condition for exiting the crisis. A radical ...
The Chronicle of the Great Crisis - The Bank of Greece 2008-2013
The Chronicle of the Great Crisis - The Bank of Greece 2008-2013

... • The historical challenge that the country is facing necessitates the greatest possible alignment of political and social forces, an understanding at the national level and convergence of views. • The adjustment programmes are a necessary but not sufficient condition for exiting the crisis. A radical ...
JUNE, 1969 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF BOSTON SAMUELSON TOBIN
JUNE, 1969 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF BOSTON SAMUELSON TOBIN

... taxation, or with respect to the difference between them (M = M, holding the supply of money constant) is zero. On the tapes, I hear the exact equivalent of that. That is a non sequitur. It does not follow from the previous analysis: Finally--and this, again, is the important thing that interests me ...
Articles The Triumph of Monetarism?
Articles The Triumph of Monetarism?

... the most extreme hyperinflationary conditions (chief among them Cagan (1956)), analyses of the limits imposed on stabilization policy by the uncertain strength and lags of policy instruments (see Friedman (1953a)), the stress on the importance of policy rules and of rules that would be robust (see F ...
WO R K I N G   PA P... WHAT IS GLOBAL EXCESS LIQUIDITY,  AND DOES IT MATTER?
WO R K I N G PA P... WHAT IS GLOBAL EXCESS LIQUIDITY, AND DOES IT MATTER?

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY DYNAMICS WITH PROPORTIONAL TRANSACTION COSTS AND
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY DYNAMICS WITH PROPORTIONAL TRANSACTION COSTS AND

... have no money at the time of the unanticipated change in policy. Assume that at each date there is a single consumption good. Let P(t) be the money price of' the good at date t. Let 1(t) be the value at date t ...
Capital Adequacy Ratio Report
Capital Adequacy Ratio Report

... Comprehensively taking into account domestic and overseas regulatory requirements and the needs for sustainable development and shareholder return, the Planning defined the capital management objectives and specific measures to be undertaken. During the new planning period, the Bank will endeavor to ...
The data are collected at a quarterly frequency, over a
The data are collected at a quarterly frequency, over a

... channel by which monetary aggregates may be useful indicators of capital (or better credit) market conditions. These observations are also related to the measurement of the transmission of monetary policy. In most standard models it is assumed that monetary policy may be measured through the level o ...
Macro-prudential Financial Regulation in presence of Regulatory
Macro-prudential Financial Regulation in presence of Regulatory

... two novelties in our analysis. First, we highlight the central role of imperfections in banking supervision and of its dependence on the political process in tilting incentives towards taking more risks. Second, because of regulatory forbearance by the supervisor, negative net present value projects ...
Sadeh, Tal (2007), `Managing a Common Currency: Political and
Sadeh, Tal (2007), `Managing a Common Currency: Political and

... or a currency board l , Although the prevalent phenomenon at the end of the 20 centlllY can still be summarized as "one country, one currency", the launching of the single European currency (the euro) and the increase in the number of currency boards2 pose a challenge to the basic political science ...
< 1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 243 >

Fractional-reserve banking

Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank accepts deposits, and holds reserves that are a fraction of the amount of its deposit liabilities. Reserves are held at the bank as currency, or as deposits in the bank's accounts at the central bank. Fractional-reserve banking is the current form of banking practiced in most countries worldwide.Fractional-reserve banking allows banks to act as financial intermediaries between borrowers and savers, and to provide longer-term loans to borrowers while providing immediate liquidity to depositors (providing the function of maturity transformation). However, a bank can experience a bank run if depositors wish to withdraw more funds than the reserves held by the bank. To mitigate the risks of bank runs and systemic crises (when problems are extreme and widespread), governments of most countries regulate and oversee commercial banks, provide deposit insurance and act as lender of last resort to commercial banks.Because bank deposits are usually considered money in their own right, and because banks hold reserves that are less than their deposit liabilities, fractional-reserve banking permits the money supply to grow beyond the amount of the underlying reserves of base money originally created by the central bank. In most countries, the central bank (or other monetary authority) regulates bank credit creation, imposing reserve requirements and capital adequacy ratios. This can limit the amount of money creation that occurs in the commercial banking system, and helps to ensure that banks are solvent and have enough funds to meet demand for withdrawals. However, rather than directly controlling the money supply, central banks usually pursue an interest rate target to control inflation and bank issuance of credit.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report