Monetary Misperceptions: Optimal Monetary Policy
... forgotten over time – then optimal policy approaches nominal income (NGDP) targeting as information approaches completeness. Nominal income targeting is also exactly optimal if agents have log preferences over consumption. In the more general case where technology shocks follow a first-order Markov ...
... forgotten over time – then optimal policy approaches nominal income (NGDP) targeting as information approaches completeness. Nominal income targeting is also exactly optimal if agents have log preferences over consumption. In the more general case where technology shocks follow a first-order Markov ...
Monitoring Matters: Debt Seniority, Market Discipline and Bank
... out any time-varying unobservable heterogeneity on the state-quarter level. In other words, our treatment effect simply represents the average difference between state-chartered and nationallychartered banks in the same state-quarter, i.e., banks that operate in an identical macroeconomic environmen ...
... out any time-varying unobservable heterogeneity on the state-quarter level. In other words, our treatment effect simply represents the average difference between state-chartered and nationallychartered banks in the same state-quarter, i.e., banks that operate in an identical macroeconomic environmen ...
Relationship lending - European Investment Bank
... banks, termed relationship lending.2 Relationship lending exists all over the world, including market-oriented banking systems such as the United States.3 Within the European Union, one of the countries where relationship lending is supposed to be especially prevalent is Germany, often cited as the ...
... banks, termed relationship lending.2 Relationship lending exists all over the world, including market-oriented banking systems such as the United States.3 Within the European Union, one of the countries where relationship lending is supposed to be especially prevalent is Germany, often cited as the ...
Liquidity Creation without a Lender of Last Resort
... freed up to satisfy other banking needs, such as meeting depositor withdrawals and financing additional loans without additional reserve assets. Given the interest payment, it was possible that a receiving bank may have held a clearing house loan certificate in its vault to accrue interest. Similarl ...
... freed up to satisfy other banking needs, such as meeting depositor withdrawals and financing additional loans without additional reserve assets. Given the interest payment, it was possible that a receiving bank may have held a clearing house loan certificate in its vault to accrue interest. Similarl ...
2014 / 735.9KB
... External debt of other Belarusian organizations attracting deposits amounted as at January 1, 2015 to USD7.4 billion, having dropped over 2014 by 10.1%. Obligations to non-residents under credit resources in foreign exchange accounted for the major part of their external debt (88.9%). External debt ...
... External debt of other Belarusian organizations attracting deposits amounted as at January 1, 2015 to USD7.4 billion, having dropped over 2014 by 10.1%. Obligations to non-residents under credit resources in foreign exchange accounted for the major part of their external debt (88.9%). External debt ...
Adam Smith and the Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments
... same as world prices Pw converted into a common unit of account at the fixed exchange rate E. Both world prices and the exchange rate are assumed to be given, which means that domestic prices are determined on world markets and given exogenously to the small open economy. Equation 4 is the monetary ...
... same as world prices Pw converted into a common unit of account at the fixed exchange rate E. Both world prices and the exchange rate are assumed to be given, which means that domestic prices are determined on world markets and given exogenously to the small open economy. Equation 4 is the monetary ...
Financial Markets, Banks` Cost of Funding, and Firms` Decisions
... upon their age and/or size. We address the questions above in the context of the financial and sovereign debt crises in Italy. However, the relevance of our analysis goes beyond the recent Italian experience, as any financial crisis has the potential to affect the real economy through its effects on ...
... upon their age and/or size. We address the questions above in the context of the financial and sovereign debt crises in Italy. However, the relevance of our analysis goes beyond the recent Italian experience, as any financial crisis has the potential to affect the real economy through its effects on ...
The stability of money demand: Evidence from Turkey
... causality from money supply to either income or the price level, then it would be possible to assume that money supply is exogenous. The changes in the postulates such that instable velocity, financial innovations, expectations, and preferences lead to the rejection of the quantity theory and result ...
... causality from money supply to either income or the price level, then it would be possible to assume that money supply is exogenous. The changes in the postulates such that instable velocity, financial innovations, expectations, and preferences lead to the rejection of the quantity theory and result ...
Money demand and the role of monetary indicators in
... monetary aggregates if inflation is predicted for a two year-period. Kaufmann and Kugler (2008) detected a robust cointegration relationship between money growth and inflation. Shocks in M3 growth account for a substantial part of the inflation forecast error variance. The effects of output gap and ...
... monetary aggregates if inflation is predicted for a two year-period. Kaufmann and Kugler (2008) detected a robust cointegration relationship between money growth and inflation. Shocks in M3 growth account for a substantial part of the inflation forecast error variance. The effects of output gap and ...
Retained Interests in Securitisations and - ECB
... structures resulted in banks retaining on their balance sheets the risks of their off-balance sheet securitised assets. As a consequence, in the run up to the 2007-2009 financial crisis, many securitisation transactions created imperfect credit risk transfers, leading to risks being concentrated in ...
... structures resulted in banks retaining on their balance sheets the risks of their off-balance sheet securitised assets. As a consequence, in the run up to the 2007-2009 financial crisis, many securitisation transactions created imperfect credit risk transfers, leading to risks being concentrated in ...
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... and investment to decrease over time, especially since the early 1990s. In the late 1990s it even becomes insignificantly different from zero (see for example Kool and Keijzer, 2009). The 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis in the euro area have destroyed the previo ...
... and investment to decrease over time, especially since the early 1990s. In the late 1990s it even becomes insignificantly different from zero (see for example Kool and Keijzer, 2009). The 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis in the euro area have destroyed the previo ...
II -Macro Eco - University of Mumbai
... By combining the goods and money flows we get a circular flow. In reality, there are leakages from and additions to the circular flows of income and expenditure. They are also called as withdrawals and injections. A withdrawal is the amount that is set aside by the households and firms and is not sp ...
... By combining the goods and money flows we get a circular flow. In reality, there are leakages from and additions to the circular flows of income and expenditure. They are also called as withdrawals and injections. A withdrawal is the amount that is set aside by the households and firms and is not sp ...
mmi14-vanveen 19106661 en
... would be included, it could be seen as a proxy for the “own” rate of return on holding money and the interest rate effect would be positive.7 Money supply can be under the control of the monetary authorities, the central bank. Using a variety of instruments the central bank can determine the amount ...
... would be included, it could be seen as a proxy for the “own” rate of return on holding money and the interest rate effect would be positive.7 Money supply can be under the control of the monetary authorities, the central bank. Using a variety of instruments the central bank can determine the amount ...
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... Banknotes and Coins of the Republic of Latvia". The Council of Ministers and the Bank of Latvia were assigned the task of developing a programme for producing the new paper banknotes and coins, as well as ensuring its financing. The Commission for the Thematic Concept of the Banknotes and Coins of t ...
... Banknotes and Coins of the Republic of Latvia". The Council of Ministers and the Bank of Latvia were assigned the task of developing a programme for producing the new paper banknotes and coins, as well as ensuring its financing. The Commission for the Thematic Concept of the Banknotes and Coins of t ...
PPT chapter 11 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... (APRA), as a supervisory body, sets banks’ liquidity requirements: – Liquidity as defined by the prime assets ratio (PAR)— the proportion of the banks’ total liabilities that must be held in a highly liquid form – Capital adequacy requires that banks hold enough shareholders’ funds plus reserves to ...
... (APRA), as a supervisory body, sets banks’ liquidity requirements: – Liquidity as defined by the prime assets ratio (PAR)— the proportion of the banks’ total liabilities that must be held in a highly liquid form – Capital adequacy requires that banks hold enough shareholders’ funds plus reserves to ...
Evidence from the Classical Gold Standard
... France (effectively) joined the gold standard and by 1879 the US had resumed convertibility of the Green back. Gold stocks however were largely stagnant in the face of this increase in demand for gold, requiring that prices fall. Figure 3 shows that annual gold production averaged about 6 million ou ...
... France (effectively) joined the gold standard and by 1879 the US had resumed convertibility of the Green back. Gold stocks however were largely stagnant in the face of this increase in demand for gold, requiring that prices fall. Figure 3 shows that annual gold production averaged about 6 million ou ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... practices of industrialized-country banks. This paper explores patterns in U.S. bank claims on foreign partners. U.S. banks have emerged as key participants in international banking and are particularly active in European and Latin American countries, with the latter group having faced tumultuous pe ...
... practices of industrialized-country banks. This paper explores patterns in U.S. bank claims on foreign partners. U.S. banks have emerged as key participants in international banking and are particularly active in European and Latin American countries, with the latter group having faced tumultuous pe ...
Foreign bank presence and its effect on firm entry and
... While most economists agree that foreign bank entry benefited developing and transition countries by larger supply of credit, it is less clear whether all borrowers benefit from better credit access. Some studies reveal that foreign banks are less likely to grant credit to small enterprises and inst ...
... While most economists agree that foreign bank entry benefited developing and transition countries by larger supply of credit, it is less clear whether all borrowers benefit from better credit access. Some studies reveal that foreign banks are less likely to grant credit to small enterprises and inst ...
Central Bank Digital Currencies: assessing
... Cash issued by central banks is a common feature of modern economies. Although the bulk of money is in the form of private banks’ deposits, cash is the cornerstone of money supply and, together with the banks’ deposits in the central bank, integrates “high-powered money”. Despite its widespread use ...
... Cash issued by central banks is a common feature of modern economies. Although the bulk of money is in the form of private banks’ deposits, cash is the cornerstone of money supply and, together with the banks’ deposits in the central bank, integrates “high-powered money”. Despite its widespread use ...
Do banks` overnight borrowing rates lead their CDS Price? evidence
... In the wake of the recent financial crises, the need to understand the functioning of interbank money markets has grown considerably. Money market data may also be a source of early-warning indicators for future banking problems. We contribute to the quest of earlywarning indicators by forming a mea ...
... In the wake of the recent financial crises, the need to understand the functioning of interbank money markets has grown considerably. Money market data may also be a source of early-warning indicators for future banking problems. We contribute to the quest of earlywarning indicators by forming a mea ...
1 Competition and Concentration in the New European Banking
... likely to display a “too big to fail” problem by which large banks increase their risk exposure anticipating the unwillingness of the regulator to let the bank fail in the event of insolvency problems (Hughes and Mester, 1998). Moreover, competition in the banking industry, given the dominant role o ...
... likely to display a “too big to fail” problem by which large banks increase their risk exposure anticipating the unwillingness of the regulator to let the bank fail in the event of insolvency problems (Hughes and Mester, 1998). Moreover, competition in the banking industry, given the dominant role o ...