... economic growth by constraining new investments by the availability of savings; (2) potentially elevate environmental considerations in decisions about resource allocation by increasing the role of the democratic state as an economic actor; (3) drastically cut debt levels to counter a presumed growt ...
NBER WO~G PAPER SERIES WHAT DOES THE BUNDESBANK TARGET?
... that the Bundesbank is much better described as an inflation targeter than as a money targeter. An additional contribution of the paper is to apply the structural VAR methods of Bemanke and Mihov (1995) to determine the optimal indicator of German monetary policy: We find that the Lombard rate has h ...
... that the Bundesbank is much better described as an inflation targeter than as a money targeter. An additional contribution of the paper is to apply the structural VAR methods of Bemanke and Mihov (1995) to determine the optimal indicator of German monetary policy: We find that the Lombard rate has h ...
Financial Interventionism and Liberalization in Southern Europe
... intervened in finance (Amsden 1992: 59). A first step, predicated on achieving some degree of monetary stability, was to draw public savings into the banking system. The next step was to encourage banks to lend long-term, and for that governments intervened in two ways. First, by creating specialized ...
... intervened in finance (Amsden 1992: 59). A first step, predicated on achieving some degree of monetary stability, was to draw public savings into the banking system. The next step was to encourage banks to lend long-term, and for that governments intervened in two ways. First, by creating specialized ...
Textbook of Economics
... machines, you need some staff to service the machines, you need to rent some area where the machine is placed, and you need the machines. If you operate u bus from Prague to Brno, you need a driver, you need to pay for the road and terminals, and you need the bus. If you produce software, you need t ...
... machines, you need some staff to service the machines, you need to rent some area where the machine is placed, and you need the machines. If you operate u bus from Prague to Brno, you need a driver, you need to pay for the road and terminals, and you need the bus. If you produce software, you need t ...
Credit Misallocation During the Financial Crisis
... growth rate of granted credit at the firm-bank level on various indicators of banks’ solidity, using the regulatory capital ratio as the preferred one. The identification challenge in this type of regressions is that the observed granted credit is the result of both demand and supply of credit. To s ...
... growth rate of granted credit at the firm-bank level on various indicators of banks’ solidity, using the regulatory capital ratio as the preferred one. The identification challenge in this type of regressions is that the observed granted credit is the result of both demand and supply of credit. To s ...
PDF - The Institute of International Finance
... They are likely to suffer from any economic contraction experienced by those mature economies to which they are connected via trade linkages; or from any potential reduction in financial flows from these countries induced by the more stringent regulation (e.g., the new liquidity requirements reducin ...
... They are likely to suffer from any economic contraction experienced by those mature economies to which they are connected via trade linkages; or from any potential reduction in financial flows from these countries induced by the more stringent regulation (e.g., the new liquidity requirements reducin ...
Details
... • One of the most important issues that management of a company to consider is whether the company can provide adequate return to its resources providers/investors (i.e. shareholders) whose purpose of making investments is to earn profits. • The reason of using net profit before interest and tax in ...
... • One of the most important issues that management of a company to consider is whether the company can provide adequate return to its resources providers/investors (i.e. shareholders) whose purpose of making investments is to earn profits. • The reason of using net profit before interest and tax in ...
Basel III Leverage Ratio Framework and Disclosure Requirements
... adequacy of banks,” and other methods of the capital measure “are considered by the Committee to be supplementary to the risk-weight approach.”4 In particular, the risk-based approach “provides a fairer basis for making international comparisons between banking systems whose structures may differ”; ...
... adequacy of banks,” and other methods of the capital measure “are considered by the Committee to be supplementary to the risk-weight approach.”4 In particular, the risk-based approach “provides a fairer basis for making international comparisons between banking systems whose structures may differ”; ...
Essentiality of money and money demand in explosive hyperinflation
... 192) who contested the Obstfeld and Rogoff (1983) approach by arguing that on such hyperinflationary paths “when the real quantity of money reaches zero hyperinflation would have wiped out the value of money, the opportunity cost of holding money would have become infinite”, and “the economy would n ...
... 192) who contested the Obstfeld and Rogoff (1983) approach by arguing that on such hyperinflationary paths “when the real quantity of money reaches zero hyperinflation would have wiped out the value of money, the opportunity cost of holding money would have become infinite”, and “the economy would n ...
NR's fl FAL fl RiTE NW ThE the of
... 1979. Table 2, which excludes data after September 1979 but is otherwise identical to Table 1, shows that this conjecture is generally true. Despite the smaller sample size, FUNDS performs better as a predictor (as measured by F tests) in the pre-Volcker sample (compared to the full sample) in seven ...
... 1979. Table 2, which excludes data after September 1979 but is otherwise identical to Table 1, shows that this conjecture is generally true. Despite the smaller sample size, FUNDS performs better as a predictor (as measured by F tests) in the pre-Volcker sample (compared to the full sample) in seven ...
Helicopter Money: Irredeemable Fiat Money and the
... The expression 'legal tender' has a technical meaning in relation to the settlement of a debt. The legal definition does not imply that legal tender is a means of payment that must be accepted by the parties to a transaction, but rather that it is a legally defined means of payment that should not ...
... The expression 'legal tender' has a technical meaning in relation to the settlement of a debt. The legal definition does not imply that legal tender is a means of payment that must be accepted by the parties to a transaction, but rather that it is a legally defined means of payment that should not ...
Outside Liquidity, Rollover Risk, and Government Bonds
... public claims are free from such risk. Satisfying liquidity needs by selling government securities in exchange for outside liquidity (referred to as public outside liquidity) may thus enhance efficiency and stability. We derive our results from a banking model in the tradition of Diamond and Dybvig ...
... public claims are free from such risk. Satisfying liquidity needs by selling government securities in exchange for outside liquidity (referred to as public outside liquidity) may thus enhance efficiency and stability. We derive our results from a banking model in the tradition of Diamond and Dybvig ...
L7-9InstrumentsMABP
... As long as BP<0, reserves continue to flow out, i rises, and spending falls. In the long run BP=0; we are back where we were before the monetary expansion. ITF-220 - Prof.J.Frankel ...
... As long as BP<0, reserves continue to flow out, i rises, and spending falls. In the long run BP=0; we are back where we were before the monetary expansion. ITF-220 - Prof.J.Frankel ...
The Rise and Fall of a Policy Rule: Monetarism at the St. Louis Fed
... between unemployment and wage growth in British historical data observed by Phillips (1958)—was a key empirical regularity at the heart of macroeconomic policy discussions in the 1960s. The Phillips curve was viewed as a constraint on stabilization policy; policymakers with both unemployment and inf ...
... between unemployment and wage growth in British historical data observed by Phillips (1958)—was a key empirical regularity at the heart of macroeconomic policy discussions in the 1960s. The Phillips curve was viewed as a constraint on stabilization policy; policymakers with both unemployment and inf ...
No. 537 - Banco de la República
... With the quantitative theory of money, the pattern of real economic activity requires a certain desired level of real money balances, and the price level is controlled by the nominal money supply. The reasoning is straightforward. Given the nominal money suppl ...
... With the quantitative theory of money, the pattern of real economic activity requires a certain desired level of real money balances, and the price level is controlled by the nominal money supply. The reasoning is straightforward. Given the nominal money suppl ...
Strategy and Tactics of Monetary Policy: Examples From Europe and
... stability as the overriding priority. This does not, however, prevent the adoption of subsidiary objectives. While price stability has now been generally accepted as the dominant objective for central banks’ monetary policy, the term "’price stability" most often has not been defined, either legisla ...
... stability as the overriding priority. This does not, however, prevent the adoption of subsidiary objectives. While price stability has now been generally accepted as the dominant objective for central banks’ monetary policy, the term "’price stability" most often has not been defined, either legisla ...
How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs
... of these enterprises, considered the backbone of an economy, have collapsed. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries have been hardest hit, with export markets cut by an average of 40%–50% and resulting increases in unemployment and poverty. International Trade Centre (ITC) ...
... of these enterprises, considered the backbone of an economy, have collapsed. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries have been hardest hit, with export markets cut by an average of 40%–50% and resulting increases in unemployment and poverty. International Trade Centre (ITC) ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... Common definition: 50% per month All the costs of moderate inflation described above become HUGE under hyperinflation. ...
... Common definition: 50% per month All the costs of moderate inflation described above become HUGE under hyperinflation. ...
Report of the High-level Expert Group on reforming the structure of
... furthermore held a public consultation of stakeholders, the responses to which are published together with this report. In evaluating the European banking sector, the Group has found that no particular business model fared particularly well, or particularly poorly, in the financial crisis. Rather, t ...
... furthermore held a public consultation of stakeholders, the responses to which are published together with this report. In evaluating the European banking sector, the Group has found that no particular business model fared particularly well, or particularly poorly, in the financial crisis. Rather, t ...
Liquidity Coverage Ratio
... which the net cash outflows arise. A banking institution should establish internal liquidity risk tolerance levels for foreign currency liabilities and take into account the risk that its ability to swap currencies (e.g. swap facilities with counterparties to obtain required foreign currencies) and ...
... which the net cash outflows arise. A banking institution should establish internal liquidity risk tolerance levels for foreign currency liabilities and take into account the risk that its ability to swap currencies (e.g. swap facilities with counterparties to obtain required foreign currencies) and ...
The Great Depression - A Curriculum for High School Students
... Banks, labor unions, corporations, legal systems, and not-for-profit organizations are examples of important institutions. A different kind of institution, clearly defined and enforced property rights, is essential to a market economy. ...
... Banks, labor unions, corporations, legal systems, and not-for-profit organizations are examples of important institutions. A different kind of institution, clearly defined and enforced property rights, is essential to a market economy. ...
financial innovation and its implications for monetary policy in south
... and processes has also come the realisation that financial innovation may well influence the successful application of monetary policy. Under certain circumstances monetary policy may hampered or may be rendered ineffective by financial innovation. This dissertation examines the nature and causes of ...
... and processes has also come the realisation that financial innovation may well influence the successful application of monetary policy. Under certain circumstances monetary policy may hampered or may be rendered ineffective by financial innovation. This dissertation examines the nature and causes of ...
Central banking in an open economy: Rist and
... was representative of the critics from English economists towards French economists: “I daresay I have chosen Mr. Hawtrey‟s articles as typical of the English attitude towards French policy, because he is considered, on this side of the Channel, as the strongest critic of this policy and one of the ...
... was representative of the critics from English economists towards French economists: “I daresay I have chosen Mr. Hawtrey‟s articles as typical of the English attitude towards French policy, because he is considered, on this side of the Channel, as the strongest critic of this policy and one of the ...