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Basic concepts and notions
Basic concepts and notions

Checking Parametric Statistic Assumptions in SPSS
Checking Parametric Statistic Assumptions in SPSS

... 3. Independent Observations. The observations within each treatment condition must be independent. The scores in one group do not depend in any way on the other group(s). The following example is based on a group of 30 Olympic weightlifters and a group of 30 body builders. One repetition maximum squ ...
Last lecture summary
Last lecture summary

Inferences About Two Means: Dependent Samples
Inferences About Two Means: Dependent Samples

Measurement and Uncertainty
Measurement and Uncertainty

... A histogram is a bar graph that indicates how often a measurement falls within a particular range of values. On the abscissa (x-axis) the range of all possible measured values is subdivided into smaller intervals termed “bins”. The ordinate (y-axis or height of each of the bars) gives the number of ...
Chapter 9 Notes
Chapter 9 Notes

...  Time-varying data – camel hump call center  Dependent data – drinks in season ...
June 08
June 08

... Usually the correct test statistic was found with little trouble. Most candidates identified the correct number of degrees of freedom, but not always the correct percentage point. As mentioned in the introductory comments to this report, the final conclusion to the test was less than satisfactory mu ...
Populations, Samples - Basic Biostatistics Concepts and Tools
Populations, Samples - Basic Biostatistics Concepts and Tools

Hypothesis Testing Demonstration 2
Hypothesis Testing Demonstration 2

test 2 study guide
test 2 study guide

1342test4 review.tst - TestGen
1342test4 review.tst - TestGen

If a mound-shaped distribution is symmetric, the mean coincides with:
If a mound-shaped distribution is symmetric, the mean coincides with:

... to pay at another teller (teller 2). The average waiting time at the first teller was 7.8 minutes with a standard deviation of 3.3 minutes, while the average waiting time at the second teller was 7.9 minutes with a standard deviation of 1.8 minutes. Can we conclude that we are more uncertain about h ...
Document
Document

... • The purpose of a study by Stone et al. was to determine the effects of long-term exercise intervention on corporate executives enrolled in a supervised fitness program. Data were collected on 13 subjects (the exercise group) who voluntarily entered a supervised exercise program and remained active ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

Credits: Three
Credits: Three

Notes 7 - Wharton Statistics
Notes 7 - Wharton Statistics

is the sample size
is the sample size

...  Enables use of different methods in strata. Disadvantages  Increased error will result if subgroups are selected at different rates  Expensive especially if strata on the population have to be created. 4. Cluster Sampling: The population is divided into internally heterogeneous subgroups and som ...
Chapter 2 - Web4students
Chapter 2 - Web4students

CHAPTER 8 Estimation from Sample Data
CHAPTER 8 Estimation from Sample Data

Aineprogramm
Aineprogramm

... A typical data sample is distributed over a range of values, with some values occurring more frequently than others. Some of the variability may be the result of measurement error or sampling effects. For large random samples, however, the distribution of the data typically reflects the variability ...
here - Saint Mary`s College
here - Saint Mary`s College

6. Sampling and Estimation
6. Sampling and Estimation

One Tailed Tests - Wayne State College
One Tailed Tests - Wayne State College

File
File

display
display

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Misuse of statistics

Statistics are supposed to make something easier to understand but when used in a misleading fashion can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows. That is, a misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator. When the statistical reason involved is false or misapplied, this constitutes a statistical fallacy.The false statistics trap can be quite damaging to the quest for knowledge. For example, in medical science, correcting a falsehood may take decades and cost lives.Misuses can be easy to fall into. Professional scientists, even mathematicians and professional statisticians, can be fooled by even some simple methods, even if they are careful to check everything. Scientists have been known to fool themselves with statistics due to lack of knowledge of probability theory and lack of standardization of their tests.
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