Investigating pain networks in the spinal cord using functional MRI
... common to say that ‘pain is in the mind’ or, alternatively, that ‘pain is in the brain’. However, these two statements do not mean the same thing. Regions outside of the brain, including the brainstem region, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), have b ...
... common to say that ‘pain is in the mind’ or, alternatively, that ‘pain is in the brain’. However, these two statements do not mean the same thing. Regions outside of the brain, including the brainstem region, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), have b ...
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -
... peristalsis and churning of intestinal contents. Other neurons control the secretion of enzymes. The enteric nervous system also makes use of more than 30 neurotransmitters, most of which are identical to the ones found in CNS, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin. More than 90% of the bod ...
... peristalsis and churning of intestinal contents. Other neurons control the secretion of enzymes. The enteric nervous system also makes use of more than 30 neurotransmitters, most of which are identical to the ones found in CNS, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin. More than 90% of the bod ...
Special Issue on the 12th IEEE International Conference
... Scholar. IJCINI is well recognized in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence, and computational intelligence, as well as psychology, cognitive science, and brain science. A number of special issues in IJCINI will be organized on cognitive computing, neurocomputing, and computational intell ...
... Scholar. IJCINI is well recognized in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence, and computational intelligence, as well as psychology, cognitive science, and brain science. A number of special issues in IJCINI will be organized on cognitive computing, neurocomputing, and computational intell ...
Brain Architecture for an Intelligent Stream of Consciousness
... can be established practically immediately, and they can last indefinitely. LTM, as the term is used in this book, does not require synaptic growth. But it instead uses charge mechanisms that can react immediately. These mechanisms seem to be very different from those of STM neurons. The exact mecha ...
... can be established practically immediately, and they can last indefinitely. LTM, as the term is used in this book, does not require synaptic growth. But it instead uses charge mechanisms that can react immediately. These mechanisms seem to be very different from those of STM neurons. The exact mecha ...
Age-associated hyper-methylated regions in the human brain
... brain samples (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) of 108 subjects using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip [8]. For the current study, a Bonferonni corrected P-value (1.81304E-06) was applied to determine CpG sites with the most significant ageassociated methylation changes within each o ...
... brain samples (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) of 108 subjects using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip [8]. For the current study, a Bonferonni corrected P-value (1.81304E-06) was applied to determine CpG sites with the most significant ageassociated methylation changes within each o ...
Neurotransmitters - The Modern Herbalist
... The human nervous system is arguably one of the most complex systems in nature. It is responsible for coordinating thousands of processes, from muscle contraction to crying. The center of the nervous system is the brain, which contains over 100 billion specialized cells called neurons. The nervous s ...
... The human nervous system is arguably one of the most complex systems in nature. It is responsible for coordinating thousands of processes, from muscle contraction to crying. The center of the nervous system is the brain, which contains over 100 billion specialized cells called neurons. The nervous s ...
Host Response and Dysfunction in the CNS during Chronic Simian
... presence of infected and activated macrophages and microglia in the brain, the nature of the changes resulting in the motor and cognitive disorders in the chronic stage is unknown. Using simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys, we sought the molecular basis for CNS dysfunction. In the ...
... presence of infected and activated macrophages and microglia in the brain, the nature of the changes resulting in the motor and cognitive disorders in the chronic stage is unknown. Using simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys, we sought the molecular basis for CNS dysfunction. In the ...
... pleasure from a meal. Typically, food that is high in sugars and fats are deemed more pleasurable, though this varies between people. Also as expected, the amount of dopamine released in the nucleus accumbens is reduced as a meal continues, meaning that the first bite of a food will be the most plea ...
Functionalism According to functionalism, the essential or defining
... temperature, of pitch, and so on), runs the objection, and functionalism is therefore false. The standard illustration of this apparent failing is called "the inverted spectrum thoughtexperiment". It is entirely conceivable, runs the story, that the range of color sensations that I enjoy upon viewin ...
... temperature, of pitch, and so on), runs the objection, and functionalism is therefore false. The standard illustration of this apparent failing is called "the inverted spectrum thoughtexperiment". It is entirely conceivable, runs the story, that the range of color sensations that I enjoy upon viewin ...
The construction system of the brain References Rapid response
... the findings from our imagination study (Hassabis et al. 2007b), we suggest that the hippocampus may have two distinct functions in episodic memory recall. Furthermore, we propose that such a dual role may help to resolve the long-standing debate about the time scale of hippocampal involvement in ep ...
... the findings from our imagination study (Hassabis et al. 2007b), we suggest that the hippocampus may have two distinct functions in episodic memory recall. Furthermore, we propose that such a dual role may help to resolve the long-standing debate about the time scale of hippocampal involvement in ep ...
Time Related Effects on Functional Brain Connectivity After
... subject during this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Within-group comparisons of voxelwise functional connectivity with 10 functional networks were examined (P < 0.05, FWEcorrected) using a non-parametric multivariate approach with cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, hea ...
... subject during this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Within-group comparisons of voxelwise functional connectivity with 10 functional networks were examined (P < 0.05, FWEcorrected) using a non-parametric multivariate approach with cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, hea ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... during an auditory oddball paradigm. In adult participants, phase locking of alpha oscillations was significantly increased while the amplitude was lower than in children. Together with the findings from SSRs, these data suggest that during the adolescent period, cortical circuits undergo a fine-tun ...
... during an auditory oddball paradigm. In adult participants, phase locking of alpha oscillations was significantly increased while the amplitude was lower than in children. Together with the findings from SSRs, these data suggest that during the adolescent period, cortical circuits undergo a fine-tun ...
Canonical Neural Computation: A Summary and a Roadmap A
... if only the experiments had been done or designed a bit differently, the work would have had much greater impact. The idea is to develop a “toolbox” which consists of a collection of experimental design principles and code, intended to make experiments and results more useful to the community. Diffe ...
... if only the experiments had been done or designed a bit differently, the work would have had much greater impact. The idea is to develop a “toolbox” which consists of a collection of experimental design principles and code, intended to make experiments and results more useful to the community. Diffe ...
Neural Computation and Neuromodulation Underlying Social
... the complexity inherent in natural social interactions. Behavioral variability is even seen in isogenic animals raised under as similar conditions as possible. The degree of behavioral variability observed in a population of animals can be different depending on the particular genetic strain, sugges ...
... the complexity inherent in natural social interactions. Behavioral variability is even seen in isogenic animals raised under as similar conditions as possible. The degree of behavioral variability observed in a population of animals can be different depending on the particular genetic strain, sugges ...
Stem cell-based cellular replacement strategies following traumatic
... The NTera2 (NT2) cell line is a human derived teratocarcinoma cell line that terminally differentiates into postmitotic neuronal NT2N cells when treated in vitro with retinoic acid (36). Grafting of predifferentiated NT2N cells into the periinjured brains of immunocompetent rats following lateral fl ...
... The NTera2 (NT2) cell line is a human derived teratocarcinoma cell line that terminally differentiates into postmitotic neuronal NT2N cells when treated in vitro with retinoic acid (36). Grafting of predifferentiated NT2N cells into the periinjured brains of immunocompetent rats following lateral fl ...
Grounding conceptual knowledge in modality
... and motor variables consistently produce effects in conceptual tasks. In brain imaging experiments, conceptual processing consistently activates modality-specific brain areas. Theoretical research shows how modality-specific re-enactments could produce basic conceptual functions, such as the type –t ...
... and motor variables consistently produce effects in conceptual tasks. In brain imaging experiments, conceptual processing consistently activates modality-specific brain areas. Theoretical research shows how modality-specific re-enactments could produce basic conceptual functions, such as the type –t ...
The Neuroscientist
... new approach to cognitive neuroscience that could complement traditional neuroimaging techniques by providing more causal insights into the functional role of circumscribed brain regions in behavior. Keywords real-time fMRI, BOLD, neurofeedback, self-regulation, operant learning Brain imaging in cog ...
... new approach to cognitive neuroscience that could complement traditional neuroimaging techniques by providing more causal insights into the functional role of circumscribed brain regions in behavior. Keywords real-time fMRI, BOLD, neurofeedback, self-regulation, operant learning Brain imaging in cog ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... succession of mistakes, a perpetual violation of what would be considered socially appropriate and personally advantageous. He had had an entirely healthy mind until a neurological disease rav aged a specific sector of his brain and, from one day to the next, ...
... succession of mistakes, a perpetual violation of what would be considered socially appropriate and personally advantageous. He had had an entirely healthy mind until a neurological disease rav aged a specific sector of his brain and, from one day to the next, ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... prowl their environments to create semantic knowledge about their worlds by their own actions. Brains are exceedingly capable of grasping the salient features of complex situations and social relationships, which are captured in such words as 'value', 'significance', 'import', or 'bottom line', in a ...
... prowl their environments to create semantic knowledge about their worlds by their own actions. Brains are exceedingly capable of grasping the salient features of complex situations and social relationships, which are captured in such words as 'value', 'significance', 'import', or 'bottom line', in a ...
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements
... center, called the fovea, which serves the central 1° of the visual field and provides the greatest visual acuity (Perry and Cowey, 1985). In most cortical and subcortical visual areas, the fovea has the greatest representation, emphasizing the importance of foveal vision in most aspects of visual p ...
... center, called the fovea, which serves the central 1° of the visual field and provides the greatest visual acuity (Perry and Cowey, 1985). In most cortical and subcortical visual areas, the fovea has the greatest representation, emphasizing the importance of foveal vision in most aspects of visual p ...
NIH Public Access
... cells nmol/L concentrations of α-tocotrienol (TCT), but not α-tocopherol (TCP), blocked glutamateinduced death by suppressing early activation of c-Src kinase (J Biol Chem 275:13049) and 12lipoxygenase (12-Lox;J Biol Chem 278:43508). Methods—Single neuron microinjection technique was employed to com ...
... cells nmol/L concentrations of α-tocotrienol (TCT), but not α-tocopherol (TCP), blocked glutamateinduced death by suppressing early activation of c-Src kinase (J Biol Chem 275:13049) and 12lipoxygenase (12-Lox;J Biol Chem 278:43508). Methods—Single neuron microinjection technique was employed to com ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... encompassing information of the electrical activity produced by the cerebral cortex nerve cells, has been the widely employed signal for the clinical assessment of brain activities, and the identification of epileptiform discharges in the EEG [10]. The pattern of electrical activity is principally b ...
... encompassing information of the electrical activity produced by the cerebral cortex nerve cells, has been the widely employed signal for the clinical assessment of brain activities, and the identification of epileptiform discharges in the EEG [10]. The pattern of electrical activity is principally b ...
Structure of the central nervous system of a juvenile acoel
... neuropile, and axon bundles were segmented, after which they could be displayed as a 3D digital model. Note that, given the relatively large gaps between adjacent sections, counts of individual cells (in particular sensory receptors) are not particularly accurate, given that the size of the ciliated ...
... neuropile, and axon bundles were segmented, after which they could be displayed as a 3D digital model. Note that, given the relatively large gaps between adjacent sections, counts of individual cells (in particular sensory receptors) are not particularly accurate, given that the size of the ciliated ...
19 TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS (C.N. IV)
... The oculomotor nucleus proper is comprised of cells that innervate all extraocular eye muscles except the lateral rectus (LR6) and superior oblique (SO4). Remember that it also innervates the levator palpebrae. The EDINGER-WESTPHAL nucleus, which lies dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus proper, contain ...
... The oculomotor nucleus proper is comprised of cells that innervate all extraocular eye muscles except the lateral rectus (LR6) and superior oblique (SO4). Remember that it also innervates the levator palpebrae. The EDINGER-WESTPHAL nucleus, which lies dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus proper, contain ...