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Tests of Concepts
Tests of Concepts

... the actual social changes responding to a given level of industrialization will vary locally as they are shaped by locally-boot-up social transactions (Blumer 1990). It is particularly important to note that Blumer expects for local responses to exhibit significant differences because these response ...
Artificial Intelligence – Agents and Environments
Artificial Intelligence – Agents and Environments

... winds (to point out its dynamic nature). Yet another analogy might be to liken it to the ephemeral nature of clouds, also controlled by the prevailing winds, but whose substance is impossible to grasp, being forever out of reach (to show the difficulty in defining it). These analogies are rich in me ...
Publication : An introduction to Soar as an agent architecture
Publication : An introduction to Soar as an agent architecture

... foundation for significant reuse from one application to another. The architecture itself is reused, and, at least theoretically, any relevant encodings of knowledge in former applications can also be reused. In practice, the knowledge representations of Soar applications have been only rarely reuse ...
Maurice Merleau-Ponty`s Criticism on Bergson`s Theory of
Maurice Merleau-Ponty`s Criticism on Bergson`s Theory of

... we compare Merleau-Ponty’s reading of Bergson with Deleuze’s, it will become clear that what Merleau-Ponty sets forward as an alternative to Bergson corresponds in fact to what Deleuze finds in Bergson; thus Deleuze’s distance to Merleau-Ponty is not as great as it might seem at first sight. Bergson ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... Andrea tends to smoke too much, drink too much, and has a biting wit. She does not relate well to others and has neither been able to hold a steady job or keep a potential suitor around for long. Freud would argue that Andrea’s problems are due to: a. a lack of a crisis resolution. b. an inability t ...
Why We Need Counsellogical Research
Why We Need Counsellogical Research

... and advice publications and programmes on  the book market and in the media, respectively. The Internet is by no means lagging behind, with a variety of websites and networks brimming with advice. All these phenomena add up to a counselling boom, which could not have gone unnoticed or ignored by soc ...
lifesmart-1st-edition-fiore-test-bank
lifesmart-1st-edition-fiore-test-bank

... hypotheses organize observed events into a potential explanation which then suggests testable theories c. both are “best guesses,” but theories are more valid, because they can explain more elements of behavior d. unimportant, because the terms may be used interchangeably. Answer: A Refer to: Introd ...
Evolution and Design - Home page-
Evolution and Design - Home page-

... Learning from the Historical Sequences of Organizations and Their Philosophies: Evolution of Knowledge and ...
Original file was NineWaysToFriendlyAI_v6.tex
Original file was NineWaysToFriendlyAI_v6.tex

... Software development practice has taught us that in the closed approach it’s very hard to get the same level of critique as one obtains on a public, open codebase. At a conceptual level of development, a closed approach also avoids making it possible for external theorists to find specific flaws in ...
Nine Ways to Bias Open-Source AGI Toward Friendliness
Nine Ways to Bias Open-Source AGI Toward Friendliness

... Software development practice has taught us that in the closed approach it’s very hard to get the same level of critique as one obtains on a public, open codebase. At a conceptual level of development, a closed approach also avoids making it possible for external theorists to find specific flaws in ...
Contents
Contents

... science, is accepted, but particular attention is paid to interdisciplinary perspectives on the mutual relationship between evolutionary and cognitive processes. Submissions dealing with the significance of cognitive research for the theories of biological and sociocultural evolution are also welcom ...
the appropriation of social science knowledge by `lay people`
the appropriation of social science knowledge by `lay people`

... Bourgeois Gentilhomme was speaking in prose without knowing it, we all routinely, without necessarily being aware of it, 'use' notions and ideas derived from social science in order to make sense of our day-to-day lives. That 'lay people', whose voice Tiffany's comment above is supposed to illustrat ...
Ontologies and Knowledge Representation Outline - (CUI)
Ontologies and Knowledge Representation Outline - (CUI)

... The CyC Project Build a theory of commonsense, to add AI to all computer programs • In first order logic • Currently millions of axioms • Grouped in coherent microtheories : geometry, physics, movement, transport, … • Partial reasoning system (computes logical entailment) ...
It`s complicated
It`s complicated

... these questions. With regard to the first question moral nativism claims that 1) a capacity for moral judgment, a capacity to cognitively distinguish between (morally) right and (morally) wrong, is a necessary feature of moral agency and 2) that this capacity is structured by certain innate principl ...
Hume`s Source of the “Impression
Hume`s Source of the “Impression

... they seem similar, because the latter can be so faint as to be indistinguishable from the former. Impressions and ideas differ in their degree of force and vivacity, but they have a “great resemblance” among them, so much so that ideas seem to be the reflection of the impressions. In fact, the facul ...
32 - Open-mind.net
32 - Open-mind.net

... consciousness research. This novel concept of dreaming has consequently led to the idea that social interactions in dreams, known to be a universal and abundant feature of human dream content, can best be characterized as a simulation of human social reality, simulating the social skills, bonds, int ...
Consequentialist Models
Consequentialist Models

... life, including the reproduction of inequality? The Rich Get Richer::Self-Organizing Inequality and Agent-Based Modeling………..…CSSI Workshop .…. June 13, 2005….4 ...
The Hidden Pattern
The Hidden Pattern

... abstract than that. Patternist philosophy may be used to inspire or refine scientific theories; but it may also be used for other purposes, such as non-scientific introspective self-understanding. However, as will be clear when I discuss the philosophy of science in depth in these pages, I do think ...
Dreamless Sleep, the Embodied Mind, and Consciousness
Dreamless Sleep, the Embodied Mind, and Consciousness

... of consciousness being present in certain phases of dreamless sleep. Consider that although deep sleep creates a gap or a rupture in our consciousness, we often feel the gap immediately upon awakening. Our waking sense that we were just asleep and unknowing is not outside knowledge—like the kind we ...
Tom Gilovich, Dacher Keltner, Richard E. Nisbett-Social
Tom Gilovich, Dacher Keltner, Richard E. Nisbett-Social

... environment and recalling emotion-related episodes from the past (Niedenthal, 2008). For example, when feeling intense fear, people are more likely to hear threatening words (for example, “death”) in one ear when asked to attend to information presented to the other ear; they are more likely to inte ...
Schema Theory
Schema Theory

... information it needs to pursue its chosen course of action. In action-oriented perception, current sensory input is itself a function of the subject's active exploration of the world, which is directed by anticipatory schemas, which Neisser (1976) defines to be plans for perceptual action as well as ...
The Metaphysics of John Dewey, Part II
The Metaphysics of John Dewey, Part II

... the coils of traditional pseudo-problems concerning how a conscious subject can have any cognitive relation with an extramental reality and having our moral initiative sapped by a bifurcation between man and nature. In contrast, the purpose of Dewey’s real but unannounced metaphysics was to enable u ...
A NOOMAN OF THE SOCIAL ORGANISM
A NOOMAN OF THE SOCIAL ORGANISM

... Spontaneous selftransformation of social world is caused, to our mind, by aggravation of need of Cosmos in effectively functioning planetary mind called to compensate its structural instability. To speak in another way, we do support M. Moiseyev’s standpoint, that there is a rigid tendency of forma ...
rtf - M/C Journal
rtf - M/C Journal

... this question as they make their early forays into imagining the lives of people different from them. Hearing people cannot know what it is like to be deaf, just as deaf people cannot know what it is like to hear ... or can they? Finally, how can we tell fresh and authentic stories of “being deaf” a ...
A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by
A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by

... more will be exploited by their partners. In line with this mutualistic approach, the study of a range of economic games involving property rights, collective actions, mutual help and punishment shows that participants’ distributions aim at sharing the costs and benefits of interactions in an imparti ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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