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Hierarchical somatosensory processing
... SII: a higher level of processing? The notion that SII is higher than SI in hierarchy was proposed on the basis of their anatomical relationships: SI sends projections to SII, while SII projects back to the superficial layers of SI [8,42,43]. Physiological studies have shown that compared to SI neur ...
... SII: a higher level of processing? The notion that SII is higher than SI in hierarchy was proposed on the basis of their anatomical relationships: SI sends projections to SII, while SII projects back to the superficial layers of SI [8,42,43]. Physiological studies have shown that compared to SI neur ...
Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... the brain is using to encode movement: the spatial (extrinsic) coordinates frame, which represents movement in the Cartesian space or the motor (intrinsic) coordinates that represents motion in terms of the actuator dynamics, such as the joint and muscles coordinates. The answer to this question is ...
... the brain is using to encode movement: the spatial (extrinsic) coordinates frame, which represents movement in the Cartesian space or the motor (intrinsic) coordinates that represents motion in terms of the actuator dynamics, such as the joint and muscles coordinates. The answer to this question is ...
Document
... in many areas of the brain. It apparently does this by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals that carry nerve impulses from one neuron to the next. (10) Like many other agents that affect neuron firing, adenosine must first bind to specific receptors on neuronal membranes. There are ...
... in many areas of the brain. It apparently does this by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals that carry nerve impulses from one neuron to the next. (10) Like many other agents that affect neuron firing, adenosine must first bind to specific receptors on neuronal membranes. There are ...
LEAP - Life Enrichment Center
... abnormal EEGs correlated with known brain damage are not consistently observed in children with learning disorders.13 Rather than direct brain damage, there is evidence that abnormal physiological or biochemical processes may be responsible for malfunction in some part of the cerebral cortex. Electr ...
... abnormal EEGs correlated with known brain damage are not consistently observed in children with learning disorders.13 Rather than direct brain damage, there is evidence that abnormal physiological or biochemical processes may be responsible for malfunction in some part of the cerebral cortex. Electr ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... Fig. 56.7 The left side of this figure shows the basic neuronal circuit of the cerebellum, with the excitatory neurons shown in red, and the inhibitory neuron (Purkinje cell) shown in black. ...
... Fig. 56.7 The left side of this figure shows the basic neuronal circuit of the cerebellum, with the excitatory neurons shown in red, and the inhibitory neuron (Purkinje cell) shown in black. ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... can modulate neuronal activity, such as the location, contrast, color, orientation, or spatial frequency of an edge in an image, the receptive field may be defined functionally in terms of feature dimensions. The receptive field of a neuron thus more generally refers to a localized region in a mult ...
... can modulate neuronal activity, such as the location, contrast, color, orientation, or spatial frequency of an edge in an image, the receptive field may be defined functionally in terms of feature dimensions. The receptive field of a neuron thus more generally refers to a localized region in a mult ...
Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity
... or second messenger concentrations) dynamically change as well and may significantly influence network dynamics [2]. To understand the principles of microcircuit operation we need to identify coactive ensembles within local neuronal populations and reveal their dynamic properties when they are perfo ...
... or second messenger concentrations) dynamically change as well and may significantly influence network dynamics [2]. To understand the principles of microcircuit operation we need to identify coactive ensembles within local neuronal populations and reveal their dynamic properties when they are perfo ...
CHAPTER 3 Neuroscience and Behavior
... Before a neuron is triggered—that is, when it is in a resting state—it has a negative electrical charge of about 270 millivolts (a millivolt is one one-thousandth of a volt). This charge is caused by the presence of more negatively charged ions within the neuron than outside it. (An ion is an atom t ...
... Before a neuron is triggered—that is, when it is in a resting state—it has a negative electrical charge of about 270 millivolts (a millivolt is one one-thousandth of a volt). This charge is caused by the presence of more negatively charged ions within the neuron than outside it. (An ion is an atom t ...
embj201488977-sup-0010-Suppl
... mouse PVN. The x-axis is scaled to show only a fraction of nonexpressing neurons (at 0 levels) for visual clarity. Red circles correspond to secretagogin+ neurons. Horizontal dashed lines show the cut-off value used to scale positive neurons for each mRNA transcript. (B-B2) ...
... mouse PVN. The x-axis is scaled to show only a fraction of nonexpressing neurons (at 0 levels) for visual clarity. Red circles correspond to secretagogin+ neurons. Horizontal dashed lines show the cut-off value used to scale positive neurons for each mRNA transcript. (B-B2) ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patterns of activ ...
... • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patterns of activ ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... into more highly evolved regions of the human brain. My research is based on the knowledge that the brain is not a mystical structure, but rather is reproducibly and evolutionarily wellorganized for the purpose of maintaining and advancing both the individual and the species. The brain is not color ...
... into more highly evolved regions of the human brain. My research is based on the knowledge that the brain is not a mystical structure, but rather is reproducibly and evolutionarily wellorganized for the purpose of maintaining and advancing both the individual and the species. The brain is not color ...
The neural mechanisms of top- down attentional control
... new locus and selectively modulating new stimulus inputs are three stages proposed in current models1,2. Attentional disengagement and voluntary orienting can be considered aspects of top-down attentional control, whereas subsequent selective modulation of sensory inputs reflects the result of this ...
... new locus and selectively modulating new stimulus inputs are three stages proposed in current models1,2. Attentional disengagement and voluntary orienting can be considered aspects of top-down attentional control, whereas subsequent selective modulation of sensory inputs reflects the result of this ...
Redalyc.Normal neuronal migration
... the Central and the Peripheral Nervous Systems. Early neuroscience studies back in the 19th century, contributed to firmly establish knowledge in the precise sequential stages of the embryonic development in vertebrates, and also recognized that any failure in the stage sequence would lead to malfor ...
... the Central and the Peripheral Nervous Systems. Early neuroscience studies back in the 19th century, contributed to firmly establish knowledge in the precise sequential stages of the embryonic development in vertebrates, and also recognized that any failure in the stage sequence would lead to malfor ...
A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... human motion perception. Although this relationship is often assumed to be straightforward, computational simulation of neuronal populations in area V5 shows a complex relationship between activity in single cells and neuronal populations. In particular, simulated population responses to a stimulus ...
... human motion perception. Although this relationship is often assumed to be straightforward, computational simulation of neuronal populations in area V5 shows a complex relationship between activity in single cells and neuronal populations. In particular, simulated population responses to a stimulus ...
Before the Americans
... many hand placement techniques to gently but manually illicit joint and alignment change. But in the twilight of his career he promoted a spiritual reverence for the craniosacral system and admonished his students to listen to the rhythm of the movement of the watery fluids and just witness the auto ...
... many hand placement techniques to gently but manually illicit joint and alignment change. But in the twilight of his career he promoted a spiritual reverence for the craniosacral system and admonished his students to listen to the rhythm of the movement of the watery fluids and just witness the auto ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... recirculating water increased gradually, starting some 20 set after the start of inhalation and reaching a peak after a further 160 set, at which time the activity was typically 1000 nCi/cm) blood, thereafter, the activity declined slowly. Two additional samples of arterial blood were taken with gla ...
... recirculating water increased gradually, starting some 20 set after the start of inhalation and reaching a peak after a further 160 set, at which time the activity was typically 1000 nCi/cm) blood, thereafter, the activity declined slowly. Two additional samples of arterial blood were taken with gla ...
The Nervous System Organization of the Nervous System
... and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consisting of communication pathways from CNS to rest of the body. Communication occurs via electrical impulses (high speed pathway). Functions of the nervous system. Monitors the internal and external environments. Integrates sensory information. C ...
... and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consisting of communication pathways from CNS to rest of the body. Communication occurs via electrical impulses (high speed pathway). Functions of the nervous system. Monitors the internal and external environments. Integrates sensory information. C ...
Unit 3A Nervous System - Teacher Version
... action potential (excitatory neurotransmitters binding to receptors) must ...
... action potential (excitatory neurotransmitters binding to receptors) must ...
section 4
... according to Miall (1996) the idea of time being mapped with distance using 2D populations of neurons would appear more resilient to this criticism. Miall (1996) has proposed the possibility of time being mapped with distance across cortical sheets. ...
... according to Miall (1996) the idea of time being mapped with distance using 2D populations of neurons would appear more resilient to this criticism. Miall (1996) has proposed the possibility of time being mapped with distance across cortical sheets. ...
Is neuroimaging measuring information in the brain? | SpringerLink
... will argue that the purpose of neuroscience is to find the ‘correct model of interaction’ for the case of the brain. Any measurement of information in the brain’s system very much depends on the model used for its correct interactions, and inferences about what is signal (and equally critically what ...
... will argue that the purpose of neuroscience is to find the ‘correct model of interaction’ for the case of the brain. Any measurement of information in the brain’s system very much depends on the model used for its correct interactions, and inferences about what is signal (and equally critically what ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... N with an exponent of 0.934 (P ⬍ 0.0001, Fig. 1c). Similar relationships are obtained if cortical volume (V) is used instead of M (data not shown). These exponents indicate that cortical surface (A) increases slightly slower than cortical mass (M), and, thus, also more slowly than the number of neur ...
... N with an exponent of 0.934 (P ⬍ 0.0001, Fig. 1c). Similar relationships are obtained if cortical volume (V) is used instead of M (data not shown). These exponents indicate that cortical surface (A) increases slightly slower than cortical mass (M), and, thus, also more slowly than the number of neur ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... Across the full age range of 4.1–88.5 y, taking advantage of all longitudinal and cross-sectional observations, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to fit mean thickness in each hemisphere to age, revealing a high rate of decrease for the first 20 y of life, followed by a more or les ...
... Across the full age range of 4.1–88.5 y, taking advantage of all longitudinal and cross-sectional observations, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to fit mean thickness in each hemisphere to age, revealing a high rate of decrease for the first 20 y of life, followed by a more or les ...
Review Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation
... wakefulness; this reveals the existence of an activating system located at the medullary level, whose function is to stimulate cortical activity. This function emerges from the reticular activating system. Regarding the origin and nature of brain waves, Bremer15 concluded that these are synchronous ...
... wakefulness; this reveals the existence of an activating system located at the medullary level, whose function is to stimulate cortical activity. This function emerges from the reticular activating system. Regarding the origin and nature of brain waves, Bremer15 concluded that these are synchronous ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... world via our bodies and brains. The result is an interactionist theory of meaning. Accordingly, we will argue that a key aspect of human cognition is neural exploitation—the adaptation of sensory-motor brain mechanisms to serve new roles in reason and language, while retaining their original functi ...
... world via our bodies and brains. The result is an interactionist theory of meaning. Accordingly, we will argue that a key aspect of human cognition is neural exploitation—the adaptation of sensory-motor brain mechanisms to serve new roles in reason and language, while retaining their original functi ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.